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Sökning: WFRF:(Magnus P) > Rapport

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  • Boström, Magnus, 1972-, et al. (författare)
  • Political Consumerism : its motivations, power, and conditions in the Nordic countries and elsewhere : Proceedings from the 2nd International Seminar on Political Consumerism, Oslo August 26-29, 2004
  • 2005
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The concept of political consumerism draws on the observation that consumer choice and the rising politics of products is an increasingly important form of political participation, especially with regard to such issues as human rights, animal rights, global solidarity and environmental responsibility. The 2nd International Seminar on Political Consumerism was arranged to enhance our knowledge about political consumerism. This report includes revised versions of the papers that were presented and discussed at the seminar. Scholars from various disciplines presented papers that discussed and analyzed such topics as the characteristics of (especially Nordic) political consumers and their motivations to express their political concerns through market channels, how consumer power and individual choice can be linked to public influence, political and market conditions for the success, effectiveness, or failure of political consumerism as a regulatory tool, and the framing, mobilization, and organizational processes behind political consumerism
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  • Hong, Bongghi, et al. (författare)
  • NANI/NAPI Calculator Toolbox Version 2.0 Documentation : Net Anthropogenic Nutrient Inputs in Baltic Sea Catchments
  • 2011
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The main objective of this work was to develop regional settings of the NANI budgeting tool that will address the significant variation in agricultural practices and resulting nutrient accountings among European countries. NANI (Net Anthropogenic Nitrogen Inputs), first introduced by Howarth et al. (1996), estimate the human‐induced nitrogen inputs to a watershed and have been shown to be a good predictor of riverine nitrogen export at a large scale, multi‐year average basis. NANI have been calculated as the sum of four major components: atmospheric N deposition, fertilizer N application, agricultural N fixation, and net food and feed imports, which in turn are composed of crop and animal N production (negative fluxes removing N from watersheds) and animal and human N consumption (positive fluxes adding N to watersheds). Assuming approximate steady-state behavior, riverine N export is a fixed proportion of net nitrogen inputs.Similar calculations can be made for phosphorus (P) inputs, though because atmospheric deposition of P is usually considered negligible and there is no analog in P for atmospheric fixation, the calculation of Net Anthropogenic Phosphorus Inputs (NAPI) reduces to accounting for P fertilizer and P in net food/feed terms. While this document is primarily concerned with calculating NANI, we also describe the data sources and assumptions used to make the parallel calculations of NAPI.Version 2.0 of the Toolbox described in this document is an improvement of version 1.0 developed for US watersheds (http://www.eeb.cornell.edu/biogeo/nanc/nani/nani.htm; Hong et al. 2011). Version 1.0 allows the user to calculate NANI in any area within the contiguous United States (e.g., watershed, county, etc.) from nationally available databases downloadable from the Internet. The toolbox consists of a set of tools that:(1) calculate the proportions of various regions (political or gridded) in which data are collected that fall into areas of interest such as watersheds (“NANI‐GIS tools”),(2) extract and organize relevant data downloaded from web‐based datasets to be used by the accounting tools (“NANI‐extraction tools”), and(3) calculate NANI, their components, and other relevant items such as animal excretion (“NANI-.‐accounting tools”).While attempting to apply version 1.0 of the toolbox to Baltic Sea catchments, we found that the calculation of NANI in Baltic Sea catchments is more challenging than in US watersheds, mainly for two reasons:• Watersheds span international boundaries. Significant variation in agricultural practices and resulting nutrient accountings among European countries exist. For example, a substantial gradient in agricultural practices is expected among the former EU countries, new EU member states with transitional economies, and Belarus and Russia.• Gaps and uncertainties in the available data are much greater than those in the US. In general, the problem of missing information is more severe for the transitional countries, Belarus, and Russia, requiring numerous assumptions and guesswork to be made to deal with the insufficient data issue.Version 2.0 of the Toolbox describe in this document  has several modules and improvements added to version 1.0 (which assumes spatially uniform agricultural practices, i.e., fixed values for all the NANI parameters, supported by the availability of well‐established and standardized datasets) to address the above difficulties. These improvements include:• Allowing spatial variation of NANI parameters (in this example, country‐specific NANI parameters) (Sections 4, 5.1, and 5.2)• Distribution of regional data (e.g., country-level crop production) into smaller spatial units (e.g., grid cells containing crop area information) (Section 5.3)• Making post‐calculation adjustments and refinements by accepting auxiliary datasets and manual calculations from the user (Section 3) In the following sections we describe the calculation of NANI and their components in the Baltic Sea catchments, with details of data availability, input preparation, and step-by‐step procedure of the use of various tools, and provide some preliminary results. In addition,  Appendix 1 described parameter values used to create NAPI estimates following an accounting methodology in parallel to that for NANI.
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  • Larsson, Magnus, 1970-, et al. (författare)
  • Open data for bicycle classification for better planning and simulation, and for better detection from motorized vehicles (OpenBike-CD)
  • 2022
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • We are witnessing rapid changes in the transport landscape that have resulted in a gap between the quality of data available and what is needed from stakeholders. Therefore, this pre-study aims to increase the knowledge about bicycle flow by, together with stakeholders and the industry, identify and define: (i) data needs for better planning; (ii) data collection activities; and (iii) research and cooperation possibilities. To answer these questions a series of digital interviews and e-mail questionnaires were conducted with relevant stakeholders and industry actors. The results show that to better plan for bicycling, stakeholders need more detailed bicycling data, meaning that they need to know the type of bicycle, bicyclists’ socio-demographics, and route choice. Ideally, stakeholders need to know how the bicycling flow/exposure is changing over time, which means they need to follow the percentage share of each type of bicycle (e.g., e-scooters, e-bikes, cargo-bikes), the percentage share of different bicyclists’ groups (e.g., age, gender), and which links/streets are used the most. The bicycle flow-counting industry is trying to cope with and adapt to the rapid changes in the transport landscape and can today mainly classify e-scooters with 3D cameras, with a good degree of accuracy. Other types of bicycles are more challenging to classify, as many different branches exists, and new models are being introduced almost every year. Bicyclists’ socio-demographics variables are disregarded, with GDPR as a great concern or barrier to deal with. The car industry, however, focuses on detecting bicyclists in time at crosswalks/crossings and on right-turn maneuvers, with challenges in detecting bicyclists at adverse weather conditions, e.g., darkness, twilight. Furthermore, there is also a need to vary approaching angles and detection distances, when bicyclists interact with vehicles, so the car industry can train its detection algorithms in a range of real-life scenarios. 
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