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Träfflista för sökning "WFRF:(Maier Wolfgang) ;conttype:(refereed)"

Sökning: WFRF:(Maier Wolfgang) > Refereegranskat

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1.
  • Kleineidam, Luca, et al. (författare)
  • Midlife occupational cognitive requirements protect cognitive function in old age by increasing cognitive reserve
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 13
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction: Several lifestyle factors promote protection against Alzheimer's disease (AD) throughout a person's lifespan. Although such protective effects have been described for occupational cognitive requirements (OCR) in midlife, it is currently unknown whether they are conveyed by brain maintenance (BM), brain reserve (BR), or cognitive reserve (CR) or a combination of them. Methods: We systematically derived hypotheses for these resilience concepts and tested them in the population-based AgeCoDe cohort and memory clinic-based AD high-risk DELCODE study. The OCR score (OCRS) was measured using job activities based on the O*NET occupational classification system. Four sets of analyses were conducted: (1) the interaction of OCR and APOE-ε4 with regard to cognitive decline (N = 2,369, AgeCoDe), (2) association with differentially shaped retrospective trajectories before the onset of dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT; N = 474, AgeCoDe), (3) cross-sectional interaction of the OCR and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers and brain structural measures regarding memory function (N = 873, DELCODE), and (4) cross-sectional and longitudinal association of OCR with CSF AD biomarkers and brain structural measures (N = 873, DELCODE). Results: Regarding (1), higher OCRS was associated with a reduced association of APOE-ε4 with cognitive decline (mean follow-up = 6.03 years), consistent with CR and BR. Regarding (2), high OCRS was associated with a later onset but subsequently stronger cognitive decline in individuals converting to DAT, consistent with CR. Regarding (3), higher OCRS was associated with a weaker association of the CSF Aβ42/40 ratio and hippocampal volume with memory function, consistent with CR. Regarding (4), OCR was not associated with the levels or changes in CSF AD biomarkers (mean follow-up = 2.61 years). We found a cross-sectional, age-independent association of OCRS with some MRI markers, but no association with 1-year-change. OCR was not associated with the intracranial volume. These results are not completely consistent with those of BR or BM. Discussion: Our results support the link between OCR and CR. Promoting and seeking complex and stimulating work conditions in midlife could therefore contribute to increased resistance to pathologies in old age and might complement prevention measures aimed at reducing pathology.
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3.
  • Agarwal, Girish, et al. (författare)
  • Light, the universe and everything-12 Herculean tasks for quantum cowboys and black diamond skiers
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Journal of Modern Optics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0950-0340 .- 1362-3044. ; 65:11, s. 1261-1308
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Winter Colloquium on the Physics of Quantum Electronics (PQE) has been a seminal force in quantum optics and related areas since 1971. It is rather mind-boggling to recognize how the concepts presented at these conferences have transformed scientific understanding and human society. In January 2017, the participants of PQE were asked to consider the equally important prospects for the future, and to formulate a set of questions representing some of the greatest aspirations in this broad field. The result is this multi-authored paper, in which many of the world's leading experts address the following fundamental questions: (1) What is the future of gravitational wave astronomy? (2) Are there new quantum phases of matter away from equilibrium that can be found and exploited - such as the time crystal? (3) Quantum theory in uncharted territory: What can we learn? (4) What are the ultimate limits for laser photon energies? (5) What are the ultimate limits to temporal, spatial and optical resolution? (6) What novel roles will atoms play in technology? (7) What applications lie ahead for nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond? (8) What is the future of quantum coherence, squeezing and entanglement for enhanced super-resolution and sensing? (9) How can we solve (some of) humanity's biggest problems through new quantum technologies? (10) What new understanding of materials and biological molecules will result from their dynamical characterization with free-electron lasers? (11) What new technologies and fundamental discoveries might quantum optics achieve by the end of this century? (12) What novel topological structures can be created and employed in quantum optics?
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4.
  • Arndt, Daniel, et al. (författare)
  • The deal. II library, Version 9.3
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Journal of Numerical Mathematics. - : Walter de Gruyter. - 1570-2820 .- 1569-3953. ; 29:3, s. 171-186
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper provides an overview of the new features of the finite element library deal . II, version 9.3.
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5.
  • Arndt, Daniel, et al. (författare)
  • The deal.II library, Version 9.4
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Numerical Mathematics. - : Walter de Gruyter. - 1570-2820 .- 1569-3953. ; 30:3, s. 231-246
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper provides an overview of the new features of the finite element library deal.II, version 9.4.
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6.
  • Bajbouj, Malek, et al. (författare)
  • Two-year outcome of vagus nerve stimulation in treatment-resistant depression
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0271-0749 .- 1533-712X. ; 30:3, s. 273-281
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • One of the major goals of antidepressant treatment is a sustained response and remission of depressive symptoms. Some of the previous studies of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) have suggested antidepressant effects. Our naturalistic study assessed the efficacy and the safety of VNS in 74 European patients with therapy-resistant major depressive disorder. Psychometric measures were obtained after 3, 12, and 24 months of VNS. Mixed-model repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed a significant reduction (P < or = 0.05) at all the 3 time points in the 28-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD28) score, the primary outcome measure. After 2 years, 53.1% (26/49) of the patients fulfilled the response criteria (> or =50% reduction in the HRSD28 scores from baseline) and 38.9% (19/49) fulfilled the remission criteria (HRSD28 scores < or = 10). The proportion of patients who fulfilled the remission criteria remained constant as the duration of VNS treatment increased. Voice alteration, cough, and pain were the most frequently reported adverse effects. Two patients committed suicide during the study; no other deaths were reported. No statistically significant differences were seen in the number of concomitant antidepressant medications. The results of this 2-year open-label trial suggest a clinical response and a comparatively benign adverse effect profile among patients with treatment-resistant depression.
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7.
  • Begerow, D., et al. (författare)
  • Current state and perspectives of fungal DNA barcoding and rapid identification procedures
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0175-7598 .- 1432-0614. ; 87:1, s. 99-108
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Fungal research is experiencing a new wave of methodological improvements that most probably will boost mycology as profoundly as molecular phylogeny has done during the last 15 years. Especially the next generation sequencing technologies can be expected to have a tremendous effect on fungal biodiversity and ecology research. In order to realise the full potential of these exciting techniques by accelerating biodiversity assessments, identification procedures of fungi need to be adapted to the emerging demands of modern large-scale ecological studies. But how should fungal species be identified in the near future? While the answer might seem trivial to most microbiologists, taxonomists working with fungi may have other views. In the present review, we will analyse the state of the art of the so-called barcoding initiatives in the light of fungi, and we will seek to evaluate emerging trends in the field. We will furthermore demonstrate that the usability of DNA barcoding as a major tool for identification of fungi largely depends on the development of high-quality sequence databases that are thoroughly curated by taxonomists and systematists.
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8.
  • Bjärnborg, Karolina, et al. (författare)
  • Geochronology and geochemical evidence for a magmatic arc setting for the Ni-Cu mineralised 1.79Ga Kleva gabbro-diorite intrusive complex, southeast Sweden
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: GFF. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2000-0863 .- 1103-5897. ; 137:2, s. 83-101
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Magmatic Ni-Cu sulphide deposits are commonly associated with mafic rocks within the marginal areas of Archean or Proterozoic cratons. The Kleva Ni-Cu sulphide deposit in southeast Sweden is hosted by gabbro-diorite rocks and is sandwiched between two Palaeoproterozoic magmatic arcs: the Transscandinavian Igneous Belt (TIB) and the Oskarshamn-Jonkoping Belt (OJB). Major and trace element data corroborate an arc origin for the Kleva intrusive complex. The variety of rocks and geochemical signatures suggest that it formed from several magmatic pulses. Despite the occurrence of supracrustal xenoliths, there is a lack of trace element evidence for significant assimilation. Mafic intrusions are abundant in southeast Sweden and are generally inferred to be synchronous with the TIB. Of these, Kleva is the only known Ni-Cu deposit, and it is unclear if it is associated with the OJB or TIB. Here, we present zircon and baddeleyite U-Pb dates of 1788 +/- 4Ma, 1788 +/- 5Ma and 1792 +/- 3Ma. We interpret a 1790Ma date to be the best estimate of the crystallisation age of the Kleva intrusive complex, indicating that the emplacement of mafic magma is coeval with the voluminous arc-related TIB magmatism in the area.
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9.
  • Bjärnborg, Karolina, et al. (författare)
  • The age of the Kleva intrusion, southeast Sweden
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Mineral deposit research for a high-tech world : Proceedings of the 12th Biennial SGA Meeting, 12-15 August 2013, Uppsala, Sweden. - 9789174032079 ; , s. 1647-1649
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Kleva nickel-copper mineralization is situated within a gabbro-diorite intrusion on the border between the late Svecofennian rocks of the Oskarshamn-Jonkoping belt and rocks of the slightly younger Transscandinavian Igneous Belt (TIB). The sulphides present in the mafic intrusion are pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, pentlandite and pyrite, occurring as massive mineralization, disseminations and thin, predominantly chalcopyrite-bearing veins. Age determinations of the gabbro-diorite were conducted to determine the age of the mineralization and its regional context. U-Pb analyses of baddeleyite (TIMS) and zircon (SIMS) from the gabbro-diorite and related rocks indicate an age of c. 1.79 Ga for the Kleva intrusion, broadly coeval with the TIB-rocks in the area, but younger than the late Svecofennian rocks. Further studies will help to constrain whether the sulphide mineralization was modified during later alteration, regional tectonism and metamorphism.
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10.
  • Bos, Isabelle, et al. (författare)
  • The frequency and influence of dementia risk factors in prodromal Alzheimer's disease
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Neurobiology of Aging. - : Elsevier. - 0197-4580 .- 1558-1497. ; 56, s. 33-40
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We investigated whether dementia risk factors were associated with prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD) according to the International Working Group-2 and National Institute of Aging-Alzheimer's Association criteria, and with cognitive decline. A total of 1394 subjects with mild cognitive impairment from 14 different studies were classified according to these research criteria, based on cognitive performance and biomarkers. We compared the frequency of 10 risk factors between the subgroups, and used Cox-regression to examine the effect of risk factors on cognitive decline. Depression, obesity, and hypercholesterolemia occurred more often in individuals with low-AD-likelihood, compared with those with a high-AD-likelihood. Only alcohol use increased the risk of cognitive decline, regardless of AD pathology. These results suggest that traditional risk factors for AD are not associated with prodromal AD or with progression to dementia, among subjects with mild cognitive impairment. Future studies should validate these findings and determine whether risk factors might be of influence at an earlier stage (i.e., preclinical) of AD.
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