| 1. |
- Schael, S, et al.
(författare)
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Precision electroweak measurements on the Z resonance
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physics Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 427:5-6, s. 257-454
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the final electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the Z resonance by the experiments operating at the electron-positron colliders SLC and LEP. The data consist of 17 million Z decays accumulated by the ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL experiments at LEP, and 600 thousand Z decays by the SLID experiment using a polarised beam at SLC. The measurements include cross-sections, forward-backward asymmetries and polarised asymmetries. The mass and width of the Z boson, m(Z) and Gamma(Z), and its couplings to fermions, for example the p parameter and the effective electroweak mixing angle for leptons, are precisely measured: m(Z) = 91.1875 +/- 0.0021 GeV, Gamma(Z) = 2.4952 +/- 0.0023 GeV, rho(l) = 1.0050 +/- 0.0010, sin(2)theta(eff)(lept) = 0.23153 +/- 0.00016. The number of light neutrino species is determined to be 2.9840 +/- 0.0082, in agreement with the three observed generations of fundamental fermions. The results are compared to the predictions of the Standard Model (SM). At the Z-pole, electroweak radiative corrections beyond the running of the QED and QCD coupling constants are observed with a significance of five standard deviations, and in agreement with the Standard Model. Of the many Z-pole measurements, the forward-backward asymmetry in b-quark production shows the largest difference with respect to its SM expectation, at the level of 2.8 standard deviations. Through radiative corrections evaluated in the framework of the Standard Model, the Z-pole data are also used to predict the mass of the top quark, m(t) = 173(+10)(+13) GeV, and the mass of the W boson, m(W) = 80.363 +/- 0.032 GeV. These indirect constraints are compared to the direct measurements, providing a stringent test of the SM. Using in addition the direct measurements of m(t) and m(W), the mass of the as yet unobserved SM Higgs boson is predicted with a relative uncertainty of about 50% and found to be less than 285 GeV at 95% confidence level. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Abreu, P., et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of the gluon fragmentation function and a comparison of the scaling violation in gluon and quark jets
- 2000
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 13:4, s. 573-589
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fragmentation functions of quarks and gluons are measured in various three-jet topologies in Z decays from the full data set collected with the DELPHI detector at the Z resonance between 1992 and 995. The results at different values of transverse momentum-like scales are compared. A parameterization of the quark and gluon fragmentation functions at a fixed reference scale is given. The quark and gluon fragmentation functions show the predicted pattern of scaling violations. The scaling violation for quark jets as a function of a transverse momentum-like scale is in a good agreement with that observed in lower energy e+e- annihilation experiments. For gluon jets it appears to be significantly stronger. The scale dependences of the gluon and quark fragmentation functions agree with the prediction of the DGLAP evolution equations from which the colour factor ratio CA/CF is measured to be: CA/CF = 2.26 ± 0.09stat. ± 0.06sys. ± 0.12clus.,scale..
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| 3. |
- Abreu, P., et al.
(författare)
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Study of dimuon production in photon-photon collisions and measurement of QED photon structure functions at LEP
- 2001
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 19:1, s. 15-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Muon pair production in the process e+e- → e+e- μ+μ- is studied using the data taken at LEP1 (√s ≃ mz) with the DELPHI detector during the years 1992-1995. The corresponding integrated luminosity is 138.5 pb-1. The QED predictions have been tested over the whole Q2 range accessible at LEP1 (from several GeV2/c4 to several hundred GeV2/c4) by comparing experimental distributions with distributions resulting from Monte Carlo simulations using various generators. Selected events are used to extract the leptonic photon structure function Fγ 2. Azimuthal correlations are used to obtain information on additional structure functions, Fγ A and Fγ B, which originate from interference terms of the scattering amplitudes. The measured ratios Fγ A/Fγ 2 and FγB/Fγ 2 are significantly different from zero and consistent with QED predictions.
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| 4. |
- Robinson-Cohen, Cassianne, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic Variants Associated with Circulating Fibroblast Growth Factor 23
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. - : AMER SOC NEPHROLOGY. - 1046-6673 .- 1533-3450. ; 29:10, s. 2583-2592
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), a bone-derived hormone that regulates phosphorus and vitamin D metabolism, contributes to the pathogenesis of mineral and bone disorders in CKD and is an emerging cardiovascular risk factor. Central elements of FGF23 regulation remain incompletely understood; genetic variation may help explain interindividual differences.Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of circulating FGF23 concentrations among 16,624 participants of European ancestry from seven cohort studies, excluding participants with eGFR<30 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) to focus on FGF23 under normal conditions. We evaluated the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with natural log-transformed FGF23 concentration, adjusted for age, sex, study site, and principal components of ancestry. A second model additionally adjusted for BMI and eGFR.Results: We discovered 154 SNPs from five independent regions associated with FGF23 concentration. The SNP with the strongest association, rs17216707 (P=3.0x10(-24)), lies upstream of CYP24A1, which encodes the primary catabolic enzyme for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Each additional copy of the T allele at this locus is associated with 5% higher FGF23 concentration. Another locus strongly associated with variations in FGF23 concentration is rs11741640, within RGS14 and upstream of SLC34A1 (a gene involved in renal phosphate transport). Additional adjustment for BMI and eGFR did not materially alter the magnitude of these associations. Another top locus (within ABO, the ABO blood group transferase gene) was no longer statistically significant at the genome-wide level.Conclusions: Common genetic variants located near genes involved in vitamin D metabolism and renal phosphate transport are associated with differences in circulating FGF23 concentrations.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Carlsson, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Falls and Fear of Falling among Persons Who Receive Housing Adaptations-Results from a Quasi-Experimental Study in Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: Healthcare. - : MDPI AG. - 2227-9032. ; 5:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While health might deteriorate through the ageing and disablement process, the impacts of disability can be reduced by adapting the environment. This study aimed to investigate the effects of applying a standardized research-based strategy to housing adaptation as compared to ordinary practice with respect to falls and fear of falling. Another aim was to investigate the overall effects of housing adaptations on fall-related outcomes over time. In total, 196 clients were included at baseline, with follow-up at 3 and 6 months after the housing adaptation was implemented. The only significant difference between the two approaches was identified with respect to fear of falling at 3 months after the housing adaptation, but not after 6 months. The number of clients reporting actual falls increased over time in both sites, whereas the number of reported near-falls decreased most in the intervention site, but without significant differences. Thus, the patterns of differences between the sites are inconsistent, as are the patterns of change in fall-related outcomes. An overall conclusion is that if the goal is to improve fall-related outcomes, housing adaptation should be complemented with other interventions preventing falls and explicitly address the clients' activity limitations. In addition, longer follow-up times are necessary.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Egund, L., et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal Measurements of FGF23, Sarcopenia, Frailty and Fracture in Older Community Dwelling Women
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Frailty and Aging. - : SERDI. - 2260-1341 .- 2273-4309. ; 12, s. 166-174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: FGF23 has been associated with frailty and functional performance in older individuals, but the association to sarcopenia is unknown. Objectives: To investigate the association between FGF23, frailty, sarcopenia and fractures in older community dwelling women. Design: Prospective longitudinal cohort study. Setting: Malmö, Sweden. Participants: 995 75-year-old women, followed prospectively for ten years, with re-investigations after five (n=667) and ten (n=324) years. Measurements: C-terminal levels of FGF23 were measured and a frailty index of ‘deficits in health’ created. Sarcopenia was defined by low muscle mass and strength and “probable sarcopenia” by low muscle mass only. Incident fractures were continuously registered for 10-years. Based on tertiles of FGF23, odds ratio for frailty, sarcopenia and probable sarcopenia was investigated using logistic regression models adjusted for: eGFR, PTH, calcium, vitamin D and phosphate. Fracture-free survival during 10-year follow-up was depicted using Kaplan Meier curves. Results: While fracture-free survival did not differ between tertiles, women in the highest tertile of FGF23 had lower muscle strength and gait speed, and higher proportion with impaired mobility at baseline. At age 75, these women had higher odds of also being frail (ORadj 1.6 (95% CI 1.1–2.4)) and suffering from probable sarcopenia (ORadj 1.8 (95% CI 1.1–3.1)), but not sarcopenia. At follow-up the association between FGF23 and probable sarcopenia was not evident. While the association with frailty was attenuated at age 80 after adjustment (ORadj 1.6 (95% CI 1.0–2.5)), women in the highest tertile had higher odds of being frail at age 85 (ORadj 3.4 (95% CI 1.7–6.6)). Conclusions: FGF23 may be a promising clinical marker for muscle strength, functional performance, and frailty in older women, but not for future fragility fractures. Whether FGF23 is also associated with sarcopenia requires further investigation.
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| 9. |
- Ekstam, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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A research-based strategy for managing housing adaptations: study protocol for a quasi-experimental trial
- 2014
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Ingår i: BMC Health Services Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6963. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The primary aim of this paper is to describe the design of a project evaluating the effects of using a research-based strategy for managing housing adaptations (HAs). The evaluation targets clients' perspectives in terms of activity, participation, usability, fear of falling, fall incidence, use of mobility devices, and health-related quality of life, and determines the societal effects of HAs in terms of costs. Additional aims of the project are to explore and describe this strategy in relation to experiences and expectations (a) among clients and cohabitants and (b) occupational therapists in ordinary practice. Methods/design: This study is a quasi-experimental trial applying a multiphase design, combining quantitative and qualitative data. At the experimental sites, the occupational therapists (OTs) apply the intervention, i.e. a standardized research-based strategy for HA case management. At the control site, the occupational therapists are following their regular routine in relation to HA. Three municipalities in south Sweden will be included based on their population, their geographical dispersion, and their similar organizational structures for HA administration. Identical data on outcomes is being collected at all the sites at the same four time points: before the HA and then 3, 6, and 12 months after the HA. The data-collection methods are semi-structured qualitative interviews, observations, clinical assessments, and certificates related to each client's HA. Primary outcomes are the usability of the home and the client's independence in daily activities (ADL). Cross-sectional and longitudinal data analyses will be conducted as well as statistical analyses, health-economic analyses, and qualitative analyses. Qualitative and quantitative data will be sequentially analyzed, and case studies will be developed. Discussion: The intervention in this study has been developed and tested through many years of research and in collaboration with practitioners. This process includes methodological development and testing research aimed at identifying the most important outcomes and research targeting current HA case-management procedures in Swedish municipalities. When the study is completed, the results will be used for further optimization of the practice strategy for HA, in close collaboration with the data-collecting OTs.
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| 10. |
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