| 1. |
- Furberg, Helena, et al.
(author)
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Genome-wide meta-analyses identify multiple loci associated with smoking behavior
- 2010
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In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 42:5, s. 134-441
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Consistent but indirect evidence has implicated genetic factors in smoking behavior1,2. We report meta-analyses of several smoking phenotypes within cohorts of the Tobacco and Genetics Consortium (n = 74,053). We also partnered with the European Network of Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology (ENGAGE) and Oxford-GlaxoSmithKline (Ox-GSK) consortia to follow up the 15 most significant regions (n > 140,000). We identified three loci associated with number of cigarettes smoked per day. The strongest association was a synonymous 15q25 SNP in the nicotinic receptor gene CHRNA3 (rs1051730[A], b = 1.03, standard error (s.e.) = 0.053, beta = 2.8 x 10(-73)). Two 10q25 SNPs (rs1329650[G], b = 0.367, s. e. = 0.059, beta = 5.7 x 10(-10); and rs1028936[A], b = 0.446, s. e. = 0.074, beta = 1.3 x 10(-9)) and one 9q13 SNP in EGLN2 (rs3733829[G], b = 0.333, s. e. = 0.058, P = 1.0 x 10(-8)) also exceeded genome-wide significance for cigarettes per day. For smoking initiation, eight SNPs exceeded genome-wide significance, with the strongest association at a nonsynonymous SNP in BDNF on chromosome 11 (rs6265[C], odds ratio (OR) = 1.06, 95% confidence interval (Cl) 1.04-1.08, P = 1.8 x 10(-8)). One SNP located near DBH on chromosome 9 (rs3025343[G], OR = 1.12, 95% Cl 1.08-1.18, P = 3.6 x 10(-8)) was significantly associated with smoking cessation.
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| 2. |
- Schunkert, Heribert, et al.
(author)
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Large-scale association analysis identifies 13 new susceptibility loci for coronary artery disease
- 2011
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In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 43:4, s. 153-333
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We performed a meta-analysis of 14 genome-wide association studies of coronary artery disease (CAD) comprising 22,233 individuals with CAD (cases) and 64,762 controls of European descent followed by genotyping of top association signals in 56,682 additional individuals. This analysis identified 13 loci newly associated with CAD at P < 5 x 10(-8) and confirmed the association of 10 of 12 previously reported CAD loci. The 13 new loci showed risk allele frequencies ranging from 0.13 to 0.91 and were associated with a 6% to 17% increase in the risk of CAD per allele. Notably, only three of the new loci showed significant association with traditional CAD risk factors and the majority lie in gene regions not previously implicated in the pathogenesis of CAD. Finally, five of the new CAD risk loci appear to have pleiotropic effects, showing strong association with various other human diseases or traits.
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| 3. |
- Voight, Benjamin F, et al.
(author)
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Plasma HDL cholesterol and risk of myocardial infarction : a mendelian randomisation study
- 2012
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In: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 380:9841, s. 572-580
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: High plasma HDL cholesterol is associated with reduced risk of myocardial infarction, but whether this association is causal is unclear. Exploiting the fact that genotypes are randomly assigned at meiosis, are independent of non-genetic confounding, and are unmodified by disease processes, mendelian randomisation can be used to test the hypothesis that the association of a plasma biomarker with disease is causal.METHODS: We performed two mendelian randomisation analyses. First, we used as an instrument a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the endothelial lipase gene (LIPG Asn396Ser) and tested this SNP in 20 studies (20,913 myocardial infarction cases, 95,407 controls). Second, we used as an instrument a genetic score consisting of 14 common SNPs that exclusively associate with HDL cholesterol and tested this score in up to 12,482 cases of myocardial infarction and 41,331 controls. As a positive control, we also tested a genetic score of 13 common SNPs exclusively associated with LDL cholesterol.FINDINGS: Carriers of the LIPG 396Ser allele (2·6% frequency) had higher HDL cholesterol (0·14 mmol/L higher, p=8×10(-13)) but similar levels of other lipid and non-lipid risk factors for myocardial infarction compared with non-carriers. This difference in HDL cholesterol is expected to decrease risk of myocardial infarction by 13% (odds ratio [OR] 0·87, 95% CI 0·84-0·91). However, we noted that the 396Ser allele was not associated with risk of myocardial infarction (OR 0·99, 95% CI 0·88-1·11, p=0·85). From observational epidemiology, an increase of 1 SD in HDL cholesterol was associated with reduced risk of myocardial infarction (OR 0·62, 95% CI 0·58-0·66). However, a 1 SD increase in HDL cholesterol due to genetic score was not associated with risk of myocardial infarction (OR 0·93, 95% CI 0·68-1·26, p=0·63). For LDL cholesterol, the estimate from observational epidemiology (a 1 SD increase in LDL cholesterol associated with OR 1·54, 95% CI 1·45-1·63) was concordant with that from genetic score (OR 2·13, 95% CI 1·69-2·69, p=2×10(-10)).INTERPRETATION: Some genetic mechanisms that raise plasma HDL cholesterol do not seem to lower risk of myocardial infarction. These data challenge the concept that raising of plasma HDL cholesterol will uniformly translate into reductions in risk of myocardial infarction.
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| 4. |
- d'Alessandro, Elisa, et al.
(author)
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Thrombo-Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease : An Expert Consensus Document from the Third Maastricht Consensus Conference on Thrombosis
- 2020
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In: Thrombosis and Haemostasis. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0340-6245 .- 2567-689X. ; 120:4, s. 538-564
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Thrombo-inflammation describes the complex interplay between blood coagulation and inflammation that plays a critical role in cardiovascular diseases. The third Maastricht Consensus Conference on Thrombosis assembled basic, translational, and clinical scientists to discuss the origin and potential consequences of thrombo-inflammation in the etiology, diagnostics, and management of patients with cardiovascular disease, including myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral artery disease. This article presents a state-of-the-art reflection of expert opinions and consensus recommendations regarding the following topics: (1) challenges of the endothelial cell barrier; (2) circulating cells and thrombo-inflammation, focused on platelets, neutrophils, and neutrophil extracellular traps; (3) procoagulant mechanisms; (4) arterial vascular changes in atherogenesis; attenuating atherosclerosis and ischemia/reperfusion injury; (5) management of patients with arterial vascular disease; and (6) pathogenesis of venous thrombosis and late consequences of venous thromboembolism.
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| 5. |
- Berntorp, Erik, et al.
(author)
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A systematic overview of the first pasteurised VWF/FVIII medicinal product, Haemate P/ Humate -P: history and clinical performance.
- 2008
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In: European Journal of Haematology. Supplementum. - : Wiley. - 0902-4506 .- 0902-4441 .- 1600-0609. ; 80:s70, s. 3-35
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Patients with von Willebrand disease (VWD) and haemophilia A (HA) lack, to varying degrees, the von Willebrand factor (VWF) and coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) that are critical for normal haemostasis. These conditions in turn make patients prone to uncontrolled bleeding. Historically, patients with severe forms of VWD or HA were crippled before adulthood and their life expectancy was significantly reduced. Over the past decades, specific coagulation factor replacement therapies including Haemate P, have been developed to help patients achieve and maintain normal haemostasis. Haemate P is a human, plasma-derived VWF/FVIII medicinal product, which was first licensed in Germany in 1981 for the treatment of HA-associated bleeding. It has since then come to be accepted as the gold standard for both the treatment and prophylaxis of bleeding in VWD, especially in cases where desmopressin [1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP)] has been ineffective. Haemate P was the first effectively virus-inactivated (pasteurisation: 60 degrees C for 10 h in aqueous solution) FVIII product, whereby the risk of potentially threatening infective complications of plasma-derived products was reduced. Haemate P was also shown to have a VWF multimer profile remarkably close to that of normal plasma. This bibliographic review presents previously unpublished clinical data of Haemate P, based upon internal clinical study reports of the proprietor, CSL Behring, in addition to data already presented in other publications. The data demonstrate a predictable and well-characterised pharmacokinetic profile, and a proven record of short- and long-term safety, while effectively correcting the haemostatic defects in VWD and HA. Recently available data have also shown Haemate P to be of haemostatic value in exceptional clinical circumstances including surgical interventions. By virtue of its plasma-derived combination of VWF and FVIII, in addition to its high VWF:FVIII content ratio (2.4:1), Haemate P is also associated with successful immune tolerance induction in those patients developing inhibitor antibodies. Although the theoretical risk of thromboembolic complications does exist while receiving Haemate P, as it does with any FVIII replacement therapy, the incidence of such complications has remained notably low. Given the robust data that have accumulated for the use of Haemate P, dosing recommendations are also described in this review; the recommendations are tailored to patient-specific contexts including baseline VWF and FVIII levels in plasma and the type of surgical intervention being undertaken. A wide variety of studies have also provided data on paediatric and geriatric populations, all of which have suggested that Haemate P can be safely and effectively used in a wide variety of clinical circumstances.
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| 6. |
- Holm, Elena, et al.
(author)
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Changes in bleeding patterns in von Willebrand disease after institution of long-term replacement therapy: results from the von Willebrand Disease Prophylaxis Network.
- 2015
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In: Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis. - 1473-5733. ; 26:4, s. 383-388
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Clinically, the leading symptom in von Willebrand disease (VWD) is bleeding, chiefly of mucosal type, for example, epistaxis, gingival, or gastrointestinal bleeding, and menorrhagia. In severe forms of VWD with secondary deficiency of factor VIII, spontaneous joint bleeding, resembling that observed in severe haemophilia A, may also be observed. The bleeding patterns of VWD can affect quality of life, and may be life-threatening. The von Willebrand Disease Prophylaxis Network is an international study group formed with the goal of investigating the role of prophylaxis in clinically severe VWD. The objective of the present study is to investigate the response to prophylaxis focusing primarily on epistaxis, joint bleeding, gastrointestinal bleeding, and heavy bleeding associated with menses. Data from 105 subjects, 10 enrolled in a prospective study and 95 in a retrospective study between 2008 and 2013, were available for analysis. The median annualized rate reductions in bleeding were significant for epistaxis (P < 0.0001), gastrointestinal bleeding (P = 0.0003), joint bleeding (P < 0.0001), and menorrhagia (P = 0.008). Doses on a group level were approximately the same prior to and during prophylaxis, but more patients with gastrointestinal bleeding had prophylaxis three or more times per week as well as higher dosages. Our study, which primarily used retrospective data, indicates that prospective studies are needed to better delineate the doses and dose intervals that should be used for prophylactic treatment of VWD.
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