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| 2. |
- Baglioni, Simone, et al.
(författare)
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The rise of social enterprises and social entrepreneurship in Western Europe
- 2018. - 1
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Ingår i: Social entrepreneurship and social innovation. - London : Routledge. - 9780815375791 - 9781351239028 ; , s. 24-37:1, s. 24-37
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter discusses the mutual interests of social enterprises (SEs)/social entrepreneurs and neo-liberal policy-makers/stakeholders. It offers a brief historical discussion of the evolution of SEs in Western Europe from the nineteenth century to the 1970s. The chapter focuses on how these institutions changed from 1980 to the present. It also focuses on the role political institutions at all levels played in reshaping the sector. The chapter discusses the connections between SEs and market forces, and how these connections produced dramatic changes. It addresses how our cross-temporal analysis can help understand contemporary SEs and welfare regimes. The chapter describes the historical evolution of solidarity in the context of the sweeping changes that have been made to various welfare regimes. It provides a fair assessment of the evolution and growth of the welfare sector across Europe, as well as how these predecessors have affected current SEs.
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| 3. |
- During, Roel, et al.
(författare)
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Research background, theoretical framework, and methodologies for social entrepreneurship
- 2018. - 1
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Ingår i: Social entrepreneurship and social innovation. - London : Routledge. - 9780367585747 - 9781351239028 ; , s. 13-23:1, s. 13-23
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Enabling the Flourishing and Evolution of Social Entrepreneurship for Innovative and Inclusive Societies (EFESEIIS) project addressed several Innovation Union priorities on smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, which shows that it is serious about drawing up a wide range of policies relating to social entrepreneurship. European policy has focused on the related concept of social innovation. Since social entrepreneurship is a relatively new phenomenon, building both a partnership and a methodology required a great deal of attention. The cooperative methodology employed by the partnership inspired controversy, consensus, and ambivalence. European welfare systems play an important role in improving the living conditions of its citizens, most notably in the areas of childcare, health prevention services, employment services, and benefits for the elderly. The chapter discusses some ambivalences, divergences, convergences, and unifying concepts. From a methodological point of view, the EFESEIIS project is full of interesting tensions and ambivalences.
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| 4. |
- Kaviani, Sepideh, et al.
(författare)
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Determining the Accuracy and Reliability of Indirect Calorimeters Utilizing the Methanol Combustion Technique
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nutrition in Clinical Practice. - : Wiley. - 0884-5336. ; 33:2, s. 206-216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Several indirect calorimetry (IC) instruments are commercially available, but comparative validity and reliability data are lacking. Existing data are limited by inconsistencies in protocols, subject characteristics, or single-instrument validation comparisons. The aim of this study was to compare accuracy and reliability of metabolic carts using methanol combustion as the cross-laboratory criterion. Methods: Eight 20-minute methanol burn trials were completed on 12 metabolic carts. Respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and percent O2 and CO2 recovery were calculated. Results: For accuracy, 1 Omnical, Cosmed Quark CPET (Cosmed), and both Parvos (Parvo Medics trueOne 2400) measured all 3 variables within 2% of the true value; both DeltaTracs and the Vmax Encore System (Vmax) showed similar accuracy in measuring 1 or 2, but not all, variables. For reliability, 8 instruments were shown to be reliable, with the 2 Omnicals ranking best (coefficient of variation [CV] < 1.26%). Both Cosmeds, Parvos, DeltaTracs, 1 Jaeger Oxycon Pro (Oxycon), Max-II Metabolic Systems (Max-II), and Vmax were reliable for at least 1 variable (CV ≤ 3%). For multiple regression, humidity and amount of combusted methanol were significant predictors of RER (R2 = 0.33, P <.001). Temperature and amount of burned methanol were significant predictors of O2 recovery (R2 = 0.18, P <.001); only humidity was a predictor for CO2 recovery (R2 = 0.15, P <.001). Conclusions: Omnical, Parvo, Cosmed, and DeltaTrac had greater accuracy and reliability. The small number of instruments tested and expected differences in gas calibration variability limits the generalizability of conclusions. Finally, humidity and temperature could be modified in the laboratory to optimize IC conditions.
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| 5. |
- Kaviani, Sepideh, et al.
(författare)
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Determining the Accuracy and Reliability of Indirect Calorimeters Utilizing the Methanol Combustion Technique
- 2017
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Ingår i: The FASEB Journal. - 0892-6638 .- 1530-6860. ; 31:S1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveThere are several indirect calorimetry (IC) instruments commercially available but validity and reliability data is lacking. Site-to-site inconsistencies in protocols and subject characteristics, and comparisons to a “gold standard” instrument or method which may no longer be accurate enough, have put restraints on drawing conclusions about instruments' performance.PurposeTo compare the accuracy and reliability of different metabolic carts using the methanol combustion technique as the criterion measure.MethodsA total of eight, 20-minute methanol burn trials were completed on 12 metabolic carts (2 Cosmed Quark CPET, 2 DeltaTrac II, 2 Parvo Medics TrueOne 2400, 2 Iaeger Oxycon Pros, 2 Omnicals, a Vmax Encore, and a Max-II Metabolic System) at 11 international study sites. Methanol tests were performed at 0700, 1000, 1300, and 1600 hours on 2 consecutive days. Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER) and percent (%) recovery of O2 and CO2 were calculated after each test.ResultsAccuracy – 1 Omnical, Cosmed, and Parvo were accurate in measuring RER and % recovery O2, while 1 DeltaTrac was also accurate for % recovery O2. The same Cosmed and Parvo, and the other DeltaTrac were accurate in measuring % recovery CO2. Reliability – 8 instruments were shown to be reliable with the two Omnicals ranking best based on the smallest coefficient of variation (CV) (all CV(s) 1.26%). Both Cosmeds, Parvos, DeltaTracs and 1 Vmax were the reliable instruments for at least one variable (CV(s) 3%). Multiple Regression– Humidity, amount of methanol combusted, and temperature were tested as predictors of IC outcomes. Humidity and amount of combusted methanol were significant predictors of RER (F (2, 60) =10.91, p<0.001, R2=0.33). Temperature and amount of burned methanol were significant predictors of % recovery O2 (F (2, 60) =8.32, p<0.001, R2=0.18) while only humidity was a predictor for % recovery CO2 (F (1, 61) =21.10, p<0.001, R2=0.15).ConclusionOmnical, Cosmed, and Parvo showed superior accuracy and reliability; however, accuracy was only found at one of two study sites. Exogenous factors such as humidity and temperature may be influencing instrument performance and could be modified in the lab to optimize IC conditions.
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| 6. |
- Parpaiola, Andrea, et al.
(författare)
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Virtual abutment design : a concept for delivery of CAD/CAM customized abutments-- report of a retrospective cohort
- 2013
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Ingår i: The international journal of periodontics & restorative dentistry. - : Quintessence. - 0198-7569 .- 1945-3388. ; 33:1, s. 51-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This report presents early clinical experiences with the treatment of a consecutive cohort of 89 patients who received 125 prostheses supported by 205 milled abutments. Abutments were fabricated using unique computer-aided design software to deliver both titanium and zirconia abutments based on idealized values for tooth dimensions and emergence profiles as well as on a scan of the proposed definitive prosthesis.
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| 7. |
- Persson, H. Thomas R., et al.
(författare)
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Concluding remarks on social entrepreneurship in Europe
- 2018. - 1
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Ingår i: Social entrepreneurship and social innovation. - London : Routledge. - 9780815375791 ; , s. 200-208:1, s. 200-208
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter summarizes the development of social enterprises (SE) and their ecosystems in Europe. It provides the nature of social entrepreneurship and SEs. The chapter focuses on some of the policy implications and offers suggestions on how to improve the study of social entrepreneurship, SEs, and social innovation. The neoliberal turn initiated during the 1980s still shapes the manner in which many European welfare regimes try to reinvent themselves. The chapter shows that Albania, Austria, France, Poland, and Serbia have statist-macro ecosystems, due to the predominance of state institutions in delivering support to the SE ecosystem. SEs operate in different sectors, they take on different legal forms, their capacity to remain and stay compatible in the market differ, and they are often dependent on external funding. Social innovation, another context-dependent phenomenon, often involves actions, frameworks, models, systems, processes, services, rules, organizational forms, and sometimes products.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Testi, Enrico, et al.
(författare)
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An introduction to social entrepreneurship in Europe
- 2018
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Ingår i: Social Entrepreneurship and Social Innovation. - London : Routledge. - 9780815375791 - 9781351239028 ; , s. 1-12
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book discusses the main results of the Enabling the Flourishing and Evolution of Social Entrepreneurship for Innovative and Inclusive Societies (EFESEIIS) project. It also discusses the multidisciplinary approach that was adopted in the EFESEIIS project as well as the different methodologies and theoretical frameworks that were used to answer the project's main research questions. The book addresses the history and evolution of both social entrepreneurship and social enterprises (SE) in Europe. It focuses on the various features and behaviors of SEs and social entrepreneurs. The book explores the role of stakeholder and institutional networks in shaping the development of SE ecosystems in various European countries. It offers a dynamic analytical framework that will allow scholars and practitioners to better understand the ecosystem in which SEs are set while also identifying whether or not these ecosystems act as an enabling force.
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