| 1. |
- Ingre, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
-
A 50bp deletion in the SOD1 promoter lowers enzyme expression but is not associated with ALS in Sweden
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2167-8421 .- 2167-9223. ; 17:5-6, s. 452-457
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mutations in the superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene have been linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). A 50 base pair (bp) deletion of SOD1 has been suggested to reduce transcription and to be associated with later disease onset in ALS. This study was aimed to reveal if the 50bp deletion influenced SOD1 enzymatic activity, occurrence and phenotype of the disease in a Swedish ALS/control cohort. Blood samples from 512 Swedish ALS patients and 354 Swedish controls without coding SOD1 mutations were analysed for the 50bp deletion allele. The enzymatic activity of SOD1 in erythrocytes was analysed and genotype-phenotype correlations were assessed. Results demonstrated that the genotype frequencies of the 50bp deletion were all found to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. No significant differences were found for age of onset, disease duration or site of onset. SOD1 enzymatic activity showed a statistically significant decreasing trend in the control group, in which the allele was associated with a 5% reduction in SOD1 activity. The results suggest that the 50bp deletion has a moderate reducing effect on SOD1 synthesis. No modulating effects, however, were found on ALS onset, phenotype and survival in the Swedish population.
|
|
| 2. |
- Lakso, Hans-Åke, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
-
Long-term stability of the alcohol consumption biomarker phosphatidylethanol in erythrocytes at-80 degrees C
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Clinical Mass Spectrometry. - : Elsevier. - 2213-8005 .- 2376-9998. ; 11, s. 37-41
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) is a recently introduced biomarker with high specificity, high sensitivity, and response correlating with alcohol consumption. It has the potential to be a valuable biomarker in population studies on the health effects of alcohol, however its stability in long-term stored blood is not known. We used LCMS/MS to assess the stability of PEth-16:0/18:1 in blood samples (packed erythrocytes) that were stored between 1 and 19 years at -80 degrees C in a biobank from a large population survey. The participants answered a lifestyle questionnaire that included questions on alcohol consumption. For analysis, we selected blood samples from seven homogenous ethanol consumption cohorts collected at intervals from 1997 to 2015. Despite the narrow stated alcohol consumption range, 10-15 g/day, there were large differences in PEth values between individuals in the cohorts, from below the limit of detection of 0.005 mu mol/L to 1.40 mu mol/L. The median was 0.08 mu mol/L. Neither generalized linear modeling, nor principal component analysis revealed a statistically significant association between time of storage and PEth levels. The PEth results indicate that the participants had, on average, under-reported their alcohol consumption several-fold. The findings suggest that PEth in blood has a sufficient long-term stability for use as an alcohol biomarker in prospective case-control studies. Analysis of blood stored in biobanks could significantly improve the validity of assessments exploring the health effects of alcohol.
|
|
| 3. |
- Nordin, Angelica, et al.
(författare)
-
Extensive size variability of the GGGGCC expansion in C9orf72 in both neuronal and non-neuronal tissues in 18 patients with ALS or FTD
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 24:11, s. 3133-3142
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A GGGGCC-repeat expansion in C9orf72 is the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) among Caucasians. However, little is known about the variability of the GGGGCC expansion in different tissues and whether this correlates with the observed phenotype. Here, we used Southern blotting to estimate the size of hexanucleotide expansions in C9orf72 in neural and non-neural tissues from 18 autopsied ALS and FTD patients with repeat expansion in blood. Digitalization of the Southern blot images allowed comparison of repeat number, smear distribution and expansion band intensity between tissues and between patients. We found marked intra-individual variation of repeat number between tissues, whereas there was less variation within each tissue group. In two patients, the size variation between tissues was extreme, with repeat numbers below 100 in all studied non-neural tissues, whereas expansions in neural tissues were 20-40 times greater and in the same size range observed in neural tissues of the other 16 patients. The expansion pattern in different tissues could not distinguish between diagnostic groups and no correlation was found between expansion size in frontal lobe and occurrence of cognitive impairment. In ALS patients, a less number of repeats in the cerebellum and parietal lobe correlated with earlier age of onset and a larger number of repeats in the parietal lobe correlated with a more rapid progression. In 43 other individuals without repeat expansion in blood, we find that repeat sizes up to 15 are stable, as no size variation between blood, brain and spinal cord was found.
|
|
| 4. |
- Wu, Junfang, et al.
(författare)
-
NMR analysis of the CSF and plasma metabolome of rigorously matched amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and control subjects
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Metabolomics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-3882 .- 1573-3890. ; 12:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are two severe neurodegenerative disorders for which the disease mechanisms are poorly understood and reliable biomarkers are absent.Objectives: To identify metabolite biomarkers for ALS and PD, and to gain insights into which metabolic pathways are involved in disease.Methods: Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics was utilized to characterize the metabolite profiles of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma from individuals in three age, gender, and sampling-date matched groups, comprising 22 ALS, 22 PD and 28 control subjects.Results: Multivariate analysis of NMR data generated robust discriminatory models for separation of ALS from control subjects. ALS patients showed increased concentrations of several metabolites in both CSF and plasma, these are alanine (CSF fold change = 1.22, p = 0.005), creatine (CSF-fc = 1.17, p = 0.001), glucose (CSF-fc = 1.11, p = 0.036), isoleucine (CSF-fc = 1.24, p = 0.002), and valine (CSF-fc = 1.17, p = 0.014). Additional metabolites in CSF (creatinine, dimethylamine and lactic acid) and plasma (acetic acid, glutamic acid, histidine, leucine, pyruvate and tyrosine) were also important for this discrimination. Similarly, panels of CSF-metabolites that discriminate PD from ALS and control subjects were identified.Conclusions: The results for the ALS patients suggest an affected creatine/creatinine pathway and an altered branched chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism, and suggest links to glucose and energy metabolism. Putative metabolic markers specific for ALS (e.g. creatinine and lactic acid) and PD (e.g. 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid and mannose) were identified, while several (e.g. creatine and BCAAs) were shared between ALS and PD, suggesting some overlap in metabolic alterations in these disorders.
|
|
| 5. |
- Wuolikainen, Anna, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
ALS patients with mutations in the SOD1 gene have an unique metabolomic profile in the cerebrospinal fluid compared with ALS patients without mutations
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Molecular Genetics and Metabolism. - : Elsevier. - 1096-7192 .- 1096-7206. ; 105:3, s. 472-478
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A specific biochemical marker for early diagnosing and for monitoring disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) will have important clinical applications. ALS is a heterogeneous syndrome with multiple subtypes with ill-defined borders. A minority of patients carries mutations in the Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene but the disease mechanism remains unknown for all types of ALS. Using a GC-TOFMS platform we studied the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metabolome in 16 ALS patients with six different mutations in the SOD1 gene and compared with ALS-patients without such mutations. OPLS-DA was used for classification modeling. We find that patients with a SOD1 mutation have a distinct metabolic profile in the CSF. In particular, the eight patients homozygous for the D90A SOD1 mutation showed a distinctively different signature when modeled against ALS patients with other SOD1 mutations and sporadic and familial ALS patients without a SOD1 gene mutation. This was found irrespective of medication with riluzole and survival time. Among the metabolites that contributed most to the CSF signature were arginine, lysine, ornithine, serine, threonine and pyroglutamic acid, all found to be reduced in patients carrying a D90A SOD1 mutation. ALS-patients with a SOD1 gene mutation appear as a distinct metabolic entity in the CSF, in particular in patients with the D90A mutation, the most frequently identified cause of ALS. The findings suggest that metabolomic profiling using GC-TOFMS and multivariate data analysis may be a future tool for diagnosing and monitoring disease progression, and may cast light on the disease mechanisms in ALS.
|
|
| 6. |
- Wuolikainen, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Disease-related changes in the cerebrospinal fluid metabolome in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis detected by GC/TOFMS
- 2011
-
Ingår i: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 6:4, s. e17947-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aim: The changes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metabolome associated with the fatal neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are poorly understood and earlier smaller studies have shown conflicting results.The metabolomic methodology is suitable for screening large cohorts of samples. Global metabolomics can be used for detecting changes of metabolite concentrations in samples of fluids such as CSF.Methodology: Using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/TOFMS) and multivariate statistical modeling, we simultaneously studied the metabolome signature of, 120 small metabolites in the CSF of patients with ALS, stratified according to hereditary disposition and clinical subtypes of ALS in relation to controls.Principal Findings: The study is the first to report data validated over two sub-sets of ALS vs. control patients for a large set of metabolites analyzed by GC/TOFMS. We find that patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (SALS) have a heterogeneous metabolite signature in the cerebrospinal fluid, in some patients being almost identical to controls. However, familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS) without superoxide dismutase-1 gene (SOD1) mutation is less heterogeneous than SALS. The metabolome of the cerebrospinal fluid of 17 ALS patients with a SOD1 gene mutation was found to form a separate homogeneous group. Analysis of metabolites revealed that glutamate and glutamine were reduced, in particular in patients with a familial predisposition. There are significant differences in the metabolite profile and composition among patients with FALS, SALS and patients carrying a mutation in the SOD1 gene suggesting that the neurodegenerative process in different subtypes of ALS may be partially dissimilar.Conclusions/Significance: patients with a genetic predisposition to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have a more distinct and homogeneous signature than patients with a sporadic disease.
|
|
| 7. |
- Wuolikainen, Anna, 1980-
(författare)
-
Metabolomics studies of ALS : a multivariate search for clues about a devastating disease
- 2009
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Charcot’s disease, motor neuron disease (MND) and Lou Gehrig’s disease, is a deadly, adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of upper and lower motor neurons, resulting in evolving paresis of the linked muscles. ALS is defined by classical features of the disease, but may present as a wide spectrum of phenotypes. About 10% of all ALS cases have been reported as familial, of which about 20% have been associated with mutations in the gene encoding for CuZn superoxide dismutase (SOD1). The remaining cases are regarded as sporadic. Research has advanced our understanding of the disease, but the cause is still unknown, no reliable diagnostic test exists, no cure has been found and the current therapies are unsatisfactory. Riluzole (Rilutek®) is the only registered drug for the treatment of ALS. The drug has shown only a modest effect in prolonging life and the mechanism of action of riluzole is not yet fully understood. ALS is diagnosed by excluding diseases with similar symptoms. At an early stage, there are numerous possible diseases that may present with similar symptoms, thereby making the diagnostic procedure cumbersome, extensive and time consuming with a significant risk of misdiagnosis. Biomarkers that can be developed into diagnostic test of ALS are therefore needed. The high number of unsuccessful attempts at finding a single diseasespecific marker, in combination with the complexity of the disease, indicates that a pattern of several markers is perhaps more likely to provide a diagnostic signature for ALS. Metabolomics, in combination with chemometrics, can be a useful tool with which to study human disease. Metabolomics can screen for small molecules in biofluids such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and chemometrics can provide structure and tools in order to handle the types of data generated from metabolomics. In this thesis, ALS has been studied using a combination of metabolomics and chemometrics. Collection and storage of CSF in relation to metabolite stability have been extensively evaluated. Protocols for metabolomics on CSF samples have been proposed, used and evaluated. In addition, a new feature of data processing allowing new samples to be predicted into existing models has been tested, evaluated and used for metabolomics on blood and CSF. A panel of potential biomarkers has been generated for ALS and subtypes of ALS. An overall decrease in metabolite concentration was found for subjects with ALS compared to their matched controls. Glutamic acid was one of the metabolites found to be decreased in patients with ALS. A larger metabolic heterogeneity was detected among SALS cases compared to FALS. This was also reflected in models of SALS and FALS against their respective matched controls, where no significant difference from control was found for SALS while the FALS samples significantly differed from their matched controls. Significant deviating metabolic patterns were also found between ALS subjects carrying different mutations in the gene encoding SOD1.
|
|
| 8. |
- Wuolikainen, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Multi-platform mass spectrometry analysis of the CSF and plasma metabolomes of rigorously matched amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and control subjects
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Molecular Biosystems. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1742-206X .- 1742-2051. ; 12:4, s. 1287-1298
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are protein-aggregation diseases that lack clear molecular etiologies. Biomarkers could aid in diagnosis, prognosis, planning of care, drug target identification and stratification of patients into clinical trials. We sought to characterize shared and unique metabolite perturbations between ALS and PD and matched controls selected from patients with other diagnoses, including differential diagnoses to ALS or PD that visited our clinic for a lumbar puncture. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma from rigorously age-, sex- and sampling-date matched patients were analyzed on multiple platforms using gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS). We applied constrained randomization of run orders and orthogonal partial least squares projection to latent structure-effect projections (OPLS-EP) to capitalize upon the study design. The combined platforms identified 144 CSF and 196 plasma metabolites with diverse molecular properties. Creatine was found to be increased and creatinine decreased in CSF of ALS patients compared to matched controls. Glucose was increased in CSF of ALS patients and alpha-hydroxybutyrate was increased in CSF and plasma of ALS patients compared to matched controls. Leucine, isoleucine and ketoleucine were increased in CSF of both ALS and PD. Together, these studies, in conjunction with earlier studies, suggest alterations in energy utilization pathways and have identified and further validated perturbed metabolites to be used in panels of biomarkers for the diagnosis of ALS and PD.
|
|
| 9. |
- Wuolikainen, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Predictive metabolomics for detection, interpretation and validation of metabolite patterns in human cerebrospinal fluid
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We here present our predictive metabolomics approach for screening and comparing metabolomics data from human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) generated by gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS). The approach is based on a combination of hierarchical multivariate curve resolution (HMCR) and manual integration of the GC–TOFMS data for quantification and identification of metabolites in multiple CSF samples. Chemometric data analysis, orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS), for multiple CSF sample comparisons. We show how the predictive feature of both HMCR and OPLS can be used for biomarker detection and verification as well as for diagnostic modelling. To exemplify the capability of the method we have used human CSF from two test subjects aliquoted into 44 tubes stored at either -80 °C or -20 °C as a model system. A total of 170 potential metabolites were resolved from the GC-TOFMS data using HMCR. OPLS modelling revealed a clear separation of the samples according to storage temperature, with a prediction accuracy of 100% using a test set.
|
|
| 10. |
- Wuolikainen, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Studies of the human cerebrospinal fluid metabolome reveal alterations associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and subtypes of the disease
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The composition of the metabolome in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is unknown. Previous studies of single metabolites have shown conflicting results.Methods: Using GC-TOFMS and multivariate statistical modeling, we studied the metabolome signature of ~120 compounds in the cerebrospinal fluid of ALS patients stratified according to hereditary disposition and clinical subtypes of the disease.Findings: Sporadic ALS has a heterogeneous metabolite signature in the CSF, in some patients being almost identical to controls. Familial ALS without SOD1 gene mutation is less heterogeneous than sporadic ALS. The metabolome of the CSF of the 17 ALS patients with a SOD1 gene mutation appeared as a separate homogeneous group. Analysis of single metabolites revealed that glutamate, pyroglutamate and glutamine were all reduced, in particular in patients with a familial disposition.Interpretation: There are significant differences in the metabolite profile and composition among patients with familial ALS, sporadic ALS and patients carrying a mutation in the SOD1 gene suggesting that the neurodegenerative process in different subtypes of ALS may be different. Patients with a genetic predisposition to ALS have a more distinct signature than patients with a sporadic disease.
|
|
