| 1. |
- Reinke, Beth A, et al.
(författare)
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Diverse aging rates in ectothermic tetrapods provide insights for the evolution of aging and longevity
- 2022
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science. - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 376:6600, s. 1459-1466
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Comparative studies of mortality in the wild are necessary to understand the evolution of aging; yet, ectothermic tetrapods are underrepresented in this comparative landscape, despite their suitability for testing evolutionary hypotheses. We present a study of aging rates and longevity across wild tetrapod ectotherms, using data from 107 populations (77 species) of nonavian reptiles and amphibians. We test hypotheses of how thermoregulatory mode, environmental temperature, protective phenotypes, and pace of life history contribute to demographic aging. Controlling for phylogeny and body size, ectotherms display a higher diversity of aging rates compared with endotherms and include phylogenetically widespread evidence of negligible aging. Protective phenotypes and life-history strategies further explain macroevolutionary patterns of aging. Analyzing ectothermic tetrapods in a comparative context enhances our understanding of the evolution of aging.
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| 2. |
- Howells, Kristy, et al.
(författare)
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Physical play - How do we inspire and motivate young children to be physically active through play? : An international analysis of twelve countries’ national early years curriculum policies and practices for physical activity and physical play
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Early Childhood Education Research. - 2323-7414. ; 12:1, s. 253-276
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Lifelong movement and physical activity (PA) patterns develop during early childhood. Therefore, educators (teachers and practitioners) in early childhood education and care (ECEC) should provide opportunities to support children’s play, PA, and movement development. The World Health Organization (2019) offers new recommendations for PA, for children under five years. The guidelines do not specify the ways ECEC staff can support PA through play. Therefore, this paper investigates, how physical play (PP) is enacted globally. An international policy and practice analysis of twelve countries, (Australia [Victoria], Belgium [Flanders], Canada [Alberta], China, Finland, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, UK [England] and USA) was completed by analyzing the ECEC curricula and their implementation in different cultural contexts. A content analysis was undertaken by AIESEP Early Years SIG experts revealing that PP was not clearly defined. When defined, it was described as PA, and important for children’s holistic development. The majority of curricula did not state the length/time for PP. Three main strategies for implementing PP were found: a) pedagogical framework; b) active learning methods; and c) motor development. This international analysis highlights the global need for better ECEC staff support in acknowledging and implementing PP to aid children’s overall development, PA and wellbeing.
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| 3. |
- Norlin, Jenny M., et al.
(författare)
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Clinical Impression of Severity Index for Parkinson's Disease and Its Association to Health-Related Quality of Life
- 2022
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Ingår i: Movement Disorders Clinical Practice. - : John Wiley and Sons Ltd. - 2330-1619.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Clinical Impression of Severity Index for Parkinson's Disease (CISI-PD) is a simple tool that can easily be used in clinical practice. Few studies have investigated the relationship between health-related quality of life and the CISI-PD. Objective : To analyze the association of CISI-PD scores with those of generic (EQ-5D-5L) and Parkinson's disease (PD) disease-specific (Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire–8 [PDQ-8]) health-related quality of life assessments. Methods : Persons with idiopathic PD in the Swedish Parkinson's Disease registry with simultaneous registrations of CISI-PD and EQ-5D-5L and/or PDQ-8 were included. Correlations with EQ-5D dimensions were analyzed. The relationships between the CISI-PD, EQ-5D-5L, and PDQ-8 were estimated by linear mixed models with random intercept. Results : In the Swedish Parkinson's Disease registry, 3511 registrations, among 2168 persons, fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The dimensions self-care, mobility, and usual activities correlated moderately with the CISI-PD (rs = 0.60, rs = 0.54, rs = 0.57). Weak correlations were found for anxiety/depression and pain/discomfort (rs = 0.39, rs = 0.29) (P values < 0.001). The fitted model included the CISI-PD, age, sex, and time since diagnosis. The CISI-PD had a statistically significant impact on the EQ-5D and PDQ-8 (P values < 0.001). Conclusions : The CISI-PD provides a moderate correlation with the EQ-5D and could possibly be useful as a basis for defining health states in future health economic models and serving as outcomes in managed entry agreements. Nonetheless, the limitation of capturing nonmotor symptoms of the disease remains a shortcoming of clinical instruments, including the CISI-PD.
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| 4. |
- Åström, Daniel Oudin, et al.
(författare)
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High risk of developing dementia in Parkinson's disease : a Swedish registry-based study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dementia have substantial negative impact on the affected individual, their care partners and society. Persons living with Parkinson's disease (PwP) are also to a large extent living with dementia. The aim of this study is to estimate time to dementia in PD using data from a large quality register with access to baseline clinical and patient reported data merged with Swedish national health registries. Persons with Parkinson's disease in the Swedish Neuro Registries/Parkinson's Disease Swedish PD Registry (PARKreg) in Sweden were included and linked to national health registries and matched by sex and age to controls without PD. Time to dementia was analysed with Cox regression models assuming proportional hazards, with time since diagnosis as the underlying time variable. In this large prospective cohort study, PwP had approximately four times higher risk of developing dementia as compared to age and sex-matched controls, a finding which remained after adjusting for potential confounders. The present resultsunderline the high risk of dementia in PD and further emphasize the importance of developing symptomatic and ultimately disease modifying strategies to counteract this part of the non-motor symptomatology in PD.
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