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Diverse variola virus (smallpox) strains were widespread in northern Europe in the Viking Age

Mühlemann, Barbara (author)
Charité - University Medicine Berlin,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF),University of Cambridge
Vinner, Lasse (author)
University of Copenhagen
Margaryan, Ashot (author)
University of Copenhagen,Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia
show more...
Wilhelmson, Helene (author)
Lund University,Lunds universitet,Gravarkeologiska forskargruppen – Död, begravning och social identitet,Forskargrupper vid Lunds universitet,Arkeologi,Institutionen för arkeologi och antikens historia,Institutioner,Humanistiska och teologiska fakulteterna,The Burial Archaeological Research Group – Death, Burial, and Social Identity,Lund University Research Groups,Archaeology,Department of Archaeology and Ancient History,Departments,Joint Faculties of Humanities and Theology
de la Fuente Castro, Constanza (author)
University of Chicago
Allentoft, Morten E. (author)
Curtin University,University of Copenhagen
de Barros Damgaard, Peter (author)
University of Copenhagen
Hansen, Anders Johannes (author)
University of Copenhagen
Holtsmark Nielsen, Sofie (author)
University of Copenhagen
Strand, Lisa Mariann (author)
Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Bill, Jan (author)
University of Oslo
Buzhilova, Alexandra (author)
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Pushkina, Tamara (author)
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Falys, Ceri (author)
Thames Valley Archaeological Services
Khartanovich, Valeri (author)
Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography
Moiseyev, Vyacheslav (author)
Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography
Jørkov, Marie Louise Schjellerup (author)
University of Copenhagen
Østergaard Sørensen, Palle (author)
Roskilde Museum,Frederikssund Museum
Magnusson, Yvonne (author)
Malmö museer
Gustin, Ingrid (author)
Lund University,Lunds universitet,Gravarkeologiska forskargruppen – Död, begravning och social identitet,Forskargrupper vid Lunds universitet,Historisk arkeologi,Institutionen för arkeologi och antikens historia,Institutioner,Humanistiska och teologiska fakulteterna,The Burial Archaeological Research Group – Death, Burial, and Social Identity,Lund University Research Groups,Historical Archaeology,Department of Archaeology and Ancient History,Departments,Joint Faculties of Humanities and Theology
Schroeder, Hannes (author)
University of Copenhagen
Sutter, Gerd (author)
Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF)
Smith, Geoffrey L. (author)
University of Cambridge
Drosten, Christian (author)
German Center for Infection Research (DZIF),Charité - University Medicine Berlin
Fouchier, Ron A.M. (author)
Erasmus University Medical Center
Smith, Derek J. (author)
University of Cambridge
Willerslev, Eske (author)
University of Cambridge,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute,University of Copenhagen,University of Southern Denmark
Jones, Terry C. (author)
University of Cambridge,Charité - University Medicine Berlin,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF)
Sikora, Martin (author)
University of Copenhagen
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 (creator_code:org_t)
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 2020
2020
English.
In: Science (New York, N.Y.). - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 369:6502
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)
Abstract Subject headings
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  • Smallpox, one of the most devastating human diseases, killed between 300 million and 500 million people in the 20th century alone. We recovered viral sequences from 13 northern European individuals, including 11 dated to ~600-1050 CE, overlapping the Viking Age, and reconstructed near-complete variola virus genomes for four of them. The samples predate the earliest confirmed smallpox cases by ~1000 years, and the sequences reveal a now-extinct sister clade of the modern variola viruses that were in circulation before the eradication of smallpox. We date the most recent common ancestor of variola virus to ~1700 years ago. Distinct patterns of gene inactivation in the four near-complete sequences show that different evolutionary paths of genotypic host adaptation resulted in variola viruses that circulated widely among humans.

Subject headings

MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP  -- Hälsovetenskap -- Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi (hsv//swe)
MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES  -- Health Sciences -- Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (hsv//eng)
HUMANIORA  -- Historia och arkeologi -- Arkeologi (hsv//swe)
HUMANITIES  -- History and Archaeology -- Archaeology (hsv//eng)

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art (subject category)
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