| 1. |
- Jones, Benedict C, et al.
(författare)
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To which world regions does the valence-dominance model of social perception apply?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Human Behaviour. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2397-3374. ; 5:1, s. 159-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the past 10 years, Oosterhof and Todorov's valence-dominance model has emerged as the most prominent account of how people evaluate faces on social dimensions. In this model, two dimensions (valence and dominance) underpin social judgements of faces. Because this model has primarily been developed and tested in Western regions, it is unclear whether these findings apply to other regions. We addressed this question by replicating Oosterhof and Todorov's methodology across 11 world regions, 41 countries and 11,570 participants. When we used Oosterhof and Todorov's original analysis strategy, the valence-dominance model generalized across regions. When we used an alternative methodology to allow for correlated dimensions, we observed much less generalization. Collectively, these results suggest that, while the valence-dominance model generalizes very well across regions when dimensions are forced to be orthogonal, regional differences are revealed when we use different extraction methods and correlate and rotate the dimension reduction solution. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 5 November 2018. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7611443.v1 .
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| 2. |
- Balakrishnan, A., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of particle size in aggregated and agglomerated ceramic powders
- 2010
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Ingår i: Acta Materialia. - 1359-6454 .- 1873-2453. ; 58:3, s. 802-812
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work describes the compaction of agglomerated and aggregated ceramic powders with special emphasis on the role of primary particle size. Discrete element simulations are used to model weakly bonded agglomerates as well as strongly bonded aggregates. Crushing tests are carried out to obtain the characteristic strength of single agglomerate and aggregate. Microstructure evolution and stress-strain curves indicate that aggregates undergo a brittle to plastic-like transition as particle size decreases below 50 nm. It is shown that agglomerates made of nanoparticles exhibit much greater strength than those made of micron-sized particles, with an approximately inverse linear relationship with primary particle size. Simulation of the uniaxial compaction of a representative volume element of powder demonstrates that adhesive effects are responsible for the difficulty to compact nanopowders and for the heterogeneity of microstructure prior to sintering. (C) 2009 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Balakrishnan, A., et al.
(författare)
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Modelling of compaction and green strength of aggregated ceramic powders
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of The American Ceramic Society. - 0002-7820 .- 1551-2916. ; 94:4, s. 1046-1052
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The behavior of aggregated ceramic powders is investigated using discrete element simulations. Aggregation (particles bonded by fused necks, resulting from calcination) is a common phenomenon observed during ceramic powder processing. In the present study, a small volume element of aggregated powder made of 40 spherical aggregates is modelled. Each aggregate comprises ∼500 spherical crystallites of 100 nm size. Mechanical interactions between crystallites are modelled to take into account strong bonds that form during calcination (with the possibility of breakage to model crushability), and adhesive contacts that form between submicrometer particles due to surface energy effects. The impact of having strongly bonded crystallites (high degree of calcination) or of having strongly adhesive particles (to mimic the use of a binder) is also investigated. Close die compaction and unloading from different compaction densities are carried out. It is observed that the final densification of the powder depends on the selection of process parameters like bond strength and work of adhesion between particles. This study also demonstrates a proportional relationship between the number of broken bonds in the green compacts and its strength. © 2010 The American Ceramic Society.
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| 4. |
- Herbertsson, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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Bees increase seed set of wild plants while the proportion of arable land has a variable effect on pollination in European agricultural landscapes
- 2021
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Ingår i: Plant Ecology and Evolution. - : Societe Royale de Botanique de Belgique. - 2032-3913 .- 2032-3921. ; 154:3, s. 341-350
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: Agricultural intensification and loss of farmland heterogeneity have contributed to population declines of wild bees and other pollinators, which may have caused subsequent declines in insect-pollinated wild plants.Material and methods: Using data from 37 studies on 22 pollinator-dependent wild plant species across Europe, we investigated whether flower visitation and seed set of insect-pollinated plants decline with an increasing proportion of arable land within 1 km.Key results: Seed set increased with increasing flower visitation by bees, most of which were wild bees, but not with increasing flower visitation by other insects. Increasing proportion of arable land had a strongly variable effect on seed set and flower visitation by bees across studies.Conclusion:Factors such as landscape configuration, local habitat quality, and temporally changing resource availability (e.g. due to mass-flowering crops or honey bee hives) could have modified the effect of arable land on pollination. While our results highlight that the persistence of wild bees is crucial to maintain plant diversity, we also show that pollen limitation due to declining bee populations in homogenized agricultural landscapes is not a universal driver causing parallel losses of bees and insect-pollinated plants.
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| 5. |
- Magnusson, J, et al.
(författare)
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A kinetic study in adults with food hypersensitivity assessed as eosinophil activation in fecal samples
- 2003
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Allergy. - : Wiley. - 0954-7894 .- 1365-2222. ; 33:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Immune-mediated food hypersensitivity affecting the gut is difficult to evaluate, and objective tools to diagnose local gastrointestinal (GI) inflammatory reactions are lacking. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether allergic manifestations in adults with a history of food-related GI symptoms could be assessed in feces during symptomatic and non-symptomatic periods, using the surrogate markers, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), eosinophil protein X (EPX) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). METHODS: Thirteen subjects with food hypersensitivity-related GI symptoms, confirmed by a positive double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC), were subjected to an open kinetic food challenge design for 6 weeks. Symptoms were recorded and scored during the 3-week study period and stool samples were obtained every day. The surrogate markers ECP, EPX and MPO were measured in the supernatants from feces samples. RESULTS: A significant increase in abdominal pain, distension and flatulence was observed during challenge, with a gradual decrease during elimination diet. Both between days and subjects, EPX levels were more frequently increased compared to ECP and MPO. Individuals with a history of a short duration of symptoms had significantly higher mean levels of EPX and MPO than those with a longer duration of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: An overall increase in levels of eosinophil markers, in particular EPX, was observed in feces from patients with food-related GI symptoms. However, rather than being a tool to differentiate symptomatic from non-symptomatic periods, EPX might be used for detecting an ongoing clinical or subclinical chronic inflammation, that may have an impact on the patient's clinical course of GI symptoms.
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| 6. |
- Rawshani, Araz, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics and outcome among patients who dial for the EMS due to chest pain
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 176:3, s. 859-865
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: This study aims to describe patients who called for the emergency medical service (EMS) due to chest discomfort, in relation to gender and age. Methods: All patients who called the emergency dispatch centre of western Sweden due to chest discomfort, between May 2009 and February 2010, were included. Initial evaluation, aetiology and outcome are described as recorded in the databases at the dispatch centre, the EMS systems and hospitals. Patients were divided into the following age groups: <= 50, 51-64 and >= 65 years. Results: In all, 14,454 cases were enrolled. Equal proportions of men (64%) and women (63%) were given dispatch priority 1. The EMS clinicians gave priority 1 more frequently to men (16% versus 12%) and older individuals (10%, 15% and 14%, respective of age group). Men had a significantly higher frequency of central chest pain (83% versus 81%); circulatory compromise (34% versus 31%); ECG signs of ischaemia (17% versus 11%); a preliminary diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (40% versus 34%); a final diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (14% versus 9%) and any potentially life-threatening condition (18% versus 12%). Individuals aged >= 65 years were given a lower priority than individuals aged 51-64 years, despite poorer characteristics and outcome. In all, 78% of cases with a potentially life-threatening condition and 67% of cases that died within 30 days of enrolment received dispatch priority 1. Mortality at one year was 1%, 4% and 18% in each individual age group. Conclusion: Men and the elderly were given a disproportionately low priority by the EMS. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Rawshani, N., et al.
(författare)
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Association between use of pre-hospital ECG and 30-day mortality: A large cohort study of patients experiencing chest pain
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 248, s. 77-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In the assessment of patients with chest pain, there is support for the use of pre-hospital ECG in the literature and in the care guidelines. Using propensity score methods, we aim to examine whether the mere acquisition of a pre-hospital ECG among patients with chest pain affects the outcome (30-day mortality). Methods: The association between pre-hospital ECG and 30-day mortality was studied in the overall cohort (n=13151), as well as in the one-to-one matched cohort with 2524 patients not examined with pre-hospital ECG and 2524 patients examined with pre-hospital ECG. Results: In the overall cohort, 21% (n=2809) did not undergo an ECG tracing in the pre-hospital setting. Among those who had pain during transport, 14% (n=1159) did not undergo a pre-hospital ECG while 32% (n=1135) of those who did not have pain underwent an ECG tracing. In the overall cohort, the OR for 30-day mortality in patients who had a pre-hospital ECG, as compared with those who did not, was 0.63 (95% CI 0.05-0.79; p < 0.001). In the matched cohort, the OR was 0.65 (95% CI 0.49-0.85; p < 0.001). Using the propensity score, in the overall cohort, the corresponding HR was 0.65 (95% CI 0.58-0.74). Conclusion: Using propensity score methods, we provide real-world data demonstrating that the adjusted risk of death was considerably lower among the cases in whoma pre-hospital ECG was used. The PH-ECG is underused among patients with chest discomfort and the mere acquisition of a pre-hospital ECG may reduce mortality. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Saha, B. P., et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of compaction behavior of alumina nano powder
- 2012
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Ingår i: Powder Technology. - 0032-5910 .- 1873-328X. ; 224, s. 90-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the impact of natural agglomerates on powder processing and consolidation through a comprehensive study of compaction of alumina powders of different particle size (ranging from 10 to 650 nm) and shape (spherical and irregular). The yield points of individual powders were determined from the green density-pressure relationship to ascertain the effect of initial particle size on agglomeration. The effect of surface modification by binder addition, which suppresses the significance of the initial particle size, was also studied. Diametral compression tests were carried out to estimate the green strength of the compacts. Results revealed that the green strength is strongly influenced not only by the initial particle size but also by the particle size distribution. The diametrically broken samples were subjected to fractographic studies followed by image analysis to calculate the agglomerate area fraction. The area fraction was found to be high for samples with low green strength and vice versa. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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