| 1. |
- Bergman, Åke, et al.
(författare)
-
Science and policy on endocrine disrupters must not be mixed : a reply to a "common sense" intervention by toxicology journal editors
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Environmental Health. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1476-069X. ; 12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The "common sense" intervention by toxicology journal editors regarding proposed European Union endocrine disrupter regulations ignores scientific evidence and well-established principles of chemical risk assessment. In this commentary, endocrine disrupter experts express their concerns about a recently published, and is in our considered opinion inaccurate and factually incorrect, editorial that has appeared in several journals in toxicology. Some of the shortcomings of the editorial are discussed in detail. We call for a better founded scientific debate which may help to overcome a polarisation of views detrimental to reaching a consensus about scientific foundations for endocrine disrupter regulation in the EU.
|
|
| 2. |
- Hilchenbach, M., et al.
(författare)
-
COMET 67P/CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENKO : CLOSE-UP on DUST PARTICLE FRAGMENTS
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 2041-8205 .- 2041-8213. ; 816:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The COmetary Secondary Ion Mass Analyser instrument on board ESA's Rosetta mission has collected dust particles in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. During the early-orbit phase of the Rosetta mission, particles and particle agglomerates have been imaged and analyzed in the inner coma at distances between 100 km and 10 km off the cometary nucleus and at more than 3 AU from the Sun. We identified 585 particles of more than 14 μm in size. The particles are collected at low impact speeds and constitute a sample of the dust particles in the inner coma impacting and fragmenting on the targets. The sizes of the particles range from 14 μm up to sub-millimeter sizes and the differential dust flux size distribution is fitted with a power law exponent of -3.1. After impact, the larger particles tend to stick together, spread out or consist of single or a group of clumps, and the flocculent morphology of the fragmented particles is revealed. The elemental composition of the dust particles is heterogeneous and the particles could contain typical silicates like olivine and pyroxenes, as well as iron sulfides. The sodium to iron elemental ratio is enriched with regard to abundances in CI carbonaceous chondrites by a factor from ∼1.5 to ∼15. No clear evidence for organic matter has been identified. The composition and morphology of the collected dust particles appear to be similar to that of interplanetary dust particles.
|
|
| 3. |
- Brandner, Birgit D., et al.
(författare)
-
Solvent segregation and capillary evaporation at a superhydrophobic surface investigated by confocal Raman microscopy and force measurements
- 2011
-
Ingår i: SOFT MATTER. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1744-683X .- 1744-6848. ; 7:3, s. 1045-1052
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wetting of water, a 1 : 1 water/ethanol mixture and an aqueous dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid surfactant solution on hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces were studied using confocal Raman microscopy. The superhydrophobic surfaces were prepared by immersion of a glass substrate in a silica particle/fluoropolymer formulation followed by silanization. Preparation of hydrophobic surfaces was done in the same way with the exception that the silica particles were excluded from the formulation. The hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces were characterized with respect to surface roughness using AFM, and by contact angle measurements using different liquids. Confocal Raman microscopy measurements in a 1 : 1 water/ethanol mixture showed an enrichment of ethanol close to the superhydrophobic surface, which could not be observed for the hydrophobic surface. Unexpectedly, the Raman spectrum of a pure water film in close proximity to the superhydrophobic surface displayed some differences compared to that of bulk water and indicated a stronger hydrogen-bonding close to the superhydrophobic surface. Evidence for capillary evaporation next to the superhydrophobic surface was also found, and this results in very long-range capillary attraction between one superhydrophobic surface and a hydrophobic colloidal probe as shown by AFM colloidal probe force measurements. Addition of a surfactant or ethanol suppresses capillary evaporation.
|
|
| 4. |
- Fernandez-Anez, Nieves, et al.
(författare)
-
Current Wildland Fire Patterns and Challenges in Europe : A Synthesis of National Perspectives
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Air, Soil and Water Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 1178-6221. ; 14, s. 1-19
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Changes in climate, land use, and land management impact the occurrence and severity of wildland fires in many parts of the world. This is particularly evident in Europe, where ongoing changes in land use have strongly modified fire patterns over the last decades. Although satellite data by the European Forest Fire Information System provide large-scale wildland fire statistics across European countries, there is still a crucial need to collect and summarize in-depth local analysis and understanding of the wildland fire condition and associated challenges across Europe. This article aims to provide a general overview of the current wildland fire patterns and challenges as perceived by national representatives, supplemented by national fire statistics (2009–2018) across Europe. For each of the 31 countries included, we present a perspective authored by scientists or practitioners from each respective country, representing a wide range of disciplines and cultural backgrounds. The authors were selected from members of the COST Action “Fire and the Earth System: Science & Society” funded by the European Commission with the aim to share knowledge and improve communication about wildland fire. Where relevant, a brief overview of key studies, particular wildland fire challenges a country is facing, and an overview of notable recent fire events are also presented. Key perceived challenges included (1) the lack of consistent and detailed records for wildland fire events, within and across countries, (2) an increase in wildland fires that pose a risk to properties and human life due to high population densities and sprawl into forested regions, and (3) the view that, irrespective of changes in management, climate change is likely to increase the frequency and impact of wildland fires in the coming decades. Addressing challenge (1) will not only be valuable in advancing national and pan-European wildland fire management strategies, but also in evaluating perceptions (2) and (3) against more robust quantitative evidence.
|
|
| 5. |
- Wallqvist, Viveca, et al.
(författare)
-
Fluid transport in compacted porous talc blocks
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing. - 1555-256X .- 1555-2578. ; 4:2, s. 85-98
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been shown that talc powder can be compacted into tablets with a preferred orientation of the platelets. The tablets can be obtained with different controlled porosity depending on pressing methods and applied pressure. The tablets can be obtained with or without additives, which may, in turn, be adsorbed. The orientation of the high aspect ratio platy talc, the surface chemistry imparted by the additives and the transported fluid influence the imbibition and permeation rates. Non-polar hexadecane displays a higher imbibition and permeability than water for all particulate orientations during short timescale absorption, likely due to the oleophilic nature of talc, and thus a more complete filling of the pores for non-polar liquids is to be expected. At longer timescales water is imbibed either at a similar rate to hexadecane or faster depending on the surface chemistry generated by additives leading to hydrophilicity. The swelling of the added polymers used to create wettability leads to break-up of the structure and exposure of hydrophilic surfaces for more rapid imbibition. It is not possible, therefore, to measure reliably the water uptake parameters when talc is fully dispersed with surfactants. Furthermore, dispersing agents tend to contribute to the blocking of pores and throats in the swollen state, and so a limitation in total imbibed volume occurs. The permeability under pressure is also inhibited by additives, which supports the suggestion of partial blockage of the pores and throats. When the individual talc crystal c axes, defining the perpendicular to the [001] planes, are oriented 90° to the primary average liquid flow direction, i.e. are oriented in a planar configuration to the flow, imbibition and permeation of wetting liquid are increased. This is assumed to be due to decreased tortuosity, provided the liquid is wetting in respect to the oriented edge surface. However, non-wetting liquids in respect to all, or geometrically dependent, orientations are subject also to the surface chemistry presented by the orientation, i.e. whether the talc is primarily displaying OH-groups or not, or adsorbed species aiding wetting by the liquid. Measurements where additives are not strongly adsorbed are complicated by the solubility of some wetting and dispersing agents.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Draxler, K., et al.
(författare)
-
International comparison of current transformer calibration systems up to 10 kA at 50 Hz frequency
- 2016
-
Ingår i: 2016 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2016). - 9781467391344
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current transformers (CTs) are precision devices that scale high currents down to values that can be easily handled by measurement equipment. To support CT applications in revenue metering, a comparison on AC current transformer calibration systems was performed among 15 European national metrology institutes using a precision CT as the travelling device. The first comparison results for the transformation ratios (4, 5, 6, 8, 10) kA/5 A of the travelling CT at nominal burden of 5 VA and 15 VA indicate good agreement between the participating laboratories. The main differences are found for phase displacement, at least partly caused by the instability of the traveling standard.
|
|
| 8. |
- Draxler, K., et al.
(författare)
-
Results of an International Comparison of Instrument Current Transformers up to 10 kA at 50 Hz Frequency
- 2018
-
Ingår i: CPEM 2018 - Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements. - 9781538609736
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traceability of the current ratio is crucial for the measurement of electrical energy in revenue metering. A comparison of the AC current ratio was therefore performed within EURAMET in the time period 2012-2016, using a precision CT as the traveling device. The Czech Metrology Institute (CMI) as coordinator processed the measurement results of the 15 European participating laboratories. The comparison of the results for transformer ratios of (4, 5, 6, 8, 10) kA 5 A at 15 VA burden and (4 and 10) kA 5 A ratios at 5 VA burden indicates good agreement between the participating laboratories. The main differences are found for phase displacement, at least in part due to instability of the traveling standard. .
|
|
| 9. |
- Durcik, Martina, et al.
(författare)
-
New Dual Inhibitors of Bacterial Topoisomerases with Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Activity and In Vivo Efficacy against Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 66:6, s. 3968-3994
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new series of dual low nanomolar benzothiazole inhibitors of bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV were developed. The resulting compounds show excellent broad-spectrum antibacterial activities against Gram-positive Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium and multidrug resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus strains [best compound minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs): range, <0.03125–0.25 μg/mL] and against the Gram-negatives Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae (best compound MICs: range, 1–4 μg/mL). Lead compound 7a was identified with favorable solubility and plasma protein binding, good metabolic stability, selectivity for bacterial topoisomerases, and no toxicity issues. The crystal structure of 7a in complex with Pseudomonas aeruginosa GyrB24 revealed its binding mode at the ATP-binding site. Expanded profiling of 7a and 7h showed potent antibacterial activity against over 100 MDR and non-MDR strains of A. baumannii and several other Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains. Ultimately, in vivo efficacy of 7a in a mouse model of vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus thigh infection was also demonstrated.
|
|
| 10. |
- Forsberg, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Very large scale heterogeneous integration (VLSHI) and wafer-level vacuum packaging for infrared bolometer focal plane arrays
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Infrared physics & technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1350-4495 .- 1879-0275. ; 60, s. 251-259
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Imaging in the long wavelength infrared (LWIR) range from 8 to 14 μm is an extremely useful tool for non-contact measurement and imaging of temperature in many industrial, automotive and security applications. However, the cost of the infrared (IR) imaging components has to be significantly reduced to make IR imaging a viable technology for many cost-sensitive applications. This paper demonstrates new and improved fabrication and packaging technologies for next-generation IR imaging detectors based on uncooled IR bolometer focal plane arrays. The proposed technologies include very large scale heterogeneous integration for combining high-performance, SiGe quantum-well bolometers with electronic integrated read-out circuits and CMOS compatible wafer-level vacuum packing. The fabrication and characterization of bolometers with a pitch of 25 μm × 25 μm that are arranged on read-out-wafers in arrays with 320 × 240 pixels are presented. The bolometers contain a multi-layer quantum well SiGe thermistor with a temperature coefficient of resistance of -3.0%/K. The proposed CMOS compatible wafer-level vacuum packaging technology uses Cu-Sn solid-liquid interdiffusion (SLID) bonding. The presented technologies are suitable for implementation in cost-efficient fabless business models with the potential to bring about the cost reduction needed to enable low-cost IR imaging products for industrial, security and automotive applications.
|
|
