| 1. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
- Barredo, José I., et al.
(författare)
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Mapping and assessment of forest ecosystems and their services : Applications and guidance for decision making in the framework of MAES
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this report is to illustrate by means of a series of case studies the implementation of mapping and assessment of forest ecosystem services in different contexts and geographical levels. Methodological aspects, data issues, approaches, limitations, gaps and further steps for improvement are analysed for providing good practices and decision making guidance. The EU initiative on Mappingand Assessment of Ecosystems and their Services (MAES), with the support of all Member States, contributes to improve the knowledge on ecosystem services. MAES is one of the building-block initiatives supporting the EU Biodiversity Strategy to 2020.
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| 3. |
- Nazarious, Miracle Israel, 1992-
(författare)
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Scientific Instruments to Facilitate the Human Exploration of Mars
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This PhD thesis describes, from an engineering perspective, some of the preliminary steps that need to be implemented to facilitate the human exploration of Mars. It focuses on the development of a set of novel scientific or technology demonstrator instruments. The engineering problem starts with a conceptual idea and the definition of individual functional requirements, that may be related to scientific or technological objectives. To solve this problem, an unique approach adapted during this thesis, allowed for designing and building efficiently, testing and refining the instruments in multiple iterations using simple techniques like 3-D printing, breadboard prototyping and low-cost commercial off the shelf (COTS) components. This approach reduces the cost and facilitates the accessibility of space instrument design and testing to a broader community. The steps include demonstrating the operability of the concept with prototypes, calibrating the responses and validating their operation in representative environments, thereby raising the technology readiness level (TRL) of the instrument with a lower investment in time and resources than traditional approaches that use specialized components and fabrica-tion techniques.The thesis provides a detailed description of the design and development process, and discusses the calibration and validation results of four different instruments, namely: 1) Brine Observation Transition To Liquid Experiment (BOTTLE) as a part of HabitAbil-ity: Brines, Irradiation and Temperature (HABIT) instrument onboard the ESA/IKI’s ExoMars 2022 Surface Platform Kazachok, for investigating the surface environmen-tal conditions and demonstrating the capability of salts to absorb water on Mars, 2) Metabolt, a small-sized portable incubator to monitor the behaviour of the microbiome in soils, which will be a critical element of future greenhouses on Mars or the Moon, 3) Methanox, an in-situ resource utilization demonstrator for converting local resources on Mars and producing methane and ammonia as space fuel, and 4) PRessure Optimized PowEred Respirator (PROPER), a wearable cleanroom developed for protecting the hu-mans against biological pathogens, showing the direct applicability of this research to solve Earth-based problems. During the final phase of the PhD thesis, the world suffered the COVID-19 pandemic. This challenge provided an opportunity to test the approach presented in this thesis and inspired the development of this equipment, and may also be of relevance to protect from biological cross-contamination in planetary habitats and laboratories while handling local regolith materials and samples on Mars.This work also highlights the calibration of the HABIT Flight Model (FM) in the cleanroom of Omnisys Instruments AB, Sweden, defines the retrieval models that will be used during ExoMars 2022 mission operations and data archiving in the Planetary Science Archive (PSA). Parts of this thesis were already published in the form of peer-reviewed journal articles and conference abstracts.
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| 4. |
- Aguiar, Javier, et al.
(författare)
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New Data Communication Standards
- 2012
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Ingår i: IEEE Communications Magazine. - 0163-6804. ; 50:3, s. 70-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Bhardwaj, Anshuman, et al.
(författare)
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Revisiting enigmatic Martian slope streaks
- 2019
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Ingår i: Earth Space and Science News - Editors Vox. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). ; 100
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Cabrera Arteaga, Javier, 1992-
(författare)
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Artificial Software Diversification for WebAssembly
- 2022
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- WebAssembly has become the fourth official web language, along with HTML, CSS and JavaScript since 2019. WebAssembly allows web browsers to execute existing programs or libraries written in other languages, such as C/C++ and Rust. In addition, WebAssembly evolves to be part of edge-cloud computing platforms. Despite being designed with security as a premise, WebAssembly is not exempt from vulnerabilities. Therefore, potential vulnerabilities and flaws are included in its distribution and execution, highlighting a software monoculture problem. On the other hand, while software diversity has been shown to mitigate monoculture, no diversification approach has been proposed for WebAssembly. This work proposes software diversity as a preemptive solution to mitigate software monoculture for WebAssembly.Besides, we provide implementations for our approaches, including a generic LLVM superdiversifier that potentially extends our ideas to other programming languages. We empirically demonstrate the impact of our approach by providing Randomization and Multivariant Execution (MVE) for WebAssembly. Our results show that our approaches can provide an automated end-to-end solution for the diversification of WebAssembly programs. The main contributions of this work are:We highlight the lack of diversification techniques for WebAssembly through an exhaustive literature review.We provide randomization and multivariant execution for WebAssembly with the implementation of two tools, CROW and MEWE respectively.We include constant inferring as a new code transformation to generate software diversification for WebAssembly.We empirically demonstrate the impact of our technique by evaluating the static and dynamic behavior of the generated diversification.Our approaches harden observable properties commonly used to conduct attacks, such as static code analysis, execution traces, and execution time.
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| 7. |
- Cabrera Arteaga, Javier, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-variant Execution at the Edge
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Edge-Cloud computing offloads parts of the computations that traditionally occurs in the cloud to edge nodes. The binary format WebAssembly is increasingly used to distribute and deploy services on such platforms. Edge-Cloud computing providers let their clients deploy stateless services inthe form of WebAssembly binaries, which are then translated to machine code, sandboxed and executed at the edge.In this context, we propose atechnique that (i) automatically diversifies WebAssembly binaries that are deployed to the edge and (ii) randomizes execution paths at runtime. Thus, an attacker cannot exploit all edge nodes with the same payload. Given aservice, we automatically synthesize functionally equivalent variants for thefunctions providing the service. All the variants are then wrapped into a singlemultivariant WebAssembly binary. When the service endpoint is executed, every time a function is invoked, one of its variants is randomly selected. We implement this technique in the MEWE tool and we validate it with 7 servicesfor which MEWE generates multivariant binaries that embed hundreds of function variants. We execute the multivariant binaries on the world-wide edge platform provided by Fastly, as part as a research collaboration. We show that multivariant binaries exhibit a real diversity of execution traces across the whole edge platform distributed around the globe.
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| 8. |
- Cabrera Arteaga, Javier, 1992-
(författare)
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Software Diversification for WebAssembly
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- WebAssembly, now the fourth ocially recognized web language, enables web browsers to port native applications to the Web. Furthermore, WebAssembly has evolved into an essential element for backend scenarios such as cloud and edge computing. Therefore, WebAssembly finds use in a plethora of applications, including but not limited to, web browsers, blockchain, and cloud computing. Despite the emphasis on security since its design and specification, WebAssembly remains susceptible to various forms of attacks, including memory corruption and side-channels. Furthermore, WebAssembly has been manipulated to disseminate malware, particularly in cases of browser cryptojacking. Web page resources, including those containing WebAssembly binaries, are predominantly served from centralized data centers in the modern digital landscape. In conjunction with browser clients, thousands of edge devices operate millions of identical WebAssembly instantiations every second. This phenomenon creates a highly predictable ecosystem, wherein potential attackers can anticipate behavior either in browsers or backend nodes. Such predictability escalates the potential impact of vulnerabilities within these ecosystems, paving the way for high-impact side-channel and memory attacks. For instance, a flaw in a web browser, triggered by a defective WebAssembly program, holds the potential to aect millions of users. This work aims to harden the security within the WebAssembly ecosystem through the introduction of Software Diversification methods and tools. Software Diversification is a strategy designed to augment the costs of exploiting vulnerabilities by making software less predictable. The predictability within ecosystems can be diminished by automatically generating dierent, yet functionally equivalent, program variants. These variants strengthen observable properties that are typically used to launch attacks, and in many instances, can eliminate such vulnerabilities. This work introduces three tools: CROW, MEWE as compiler-based approaches, and WASM-MUTATE as a binary-based approach. Each tool has been specifically designed to tackle a unique facet of Software Diversification. We present empirical evidence demonstrating the potential application of our Software Diversification methods to WebAssembly programs in two distinct ways: Oensive and Defensive Software Diversification. Our research into Oensive Software Diversification in WebAssembly unveils potential paths for enhancing the detection of WebAssembly malware. On the other hand, our experiments in Defensive Software Diversification show that WebAssembly programs can be hardened against side-channel attacks, specifically the Spectre attack.
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