| 1. |
- Aprile, E., et al.
(författare)
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Effective Field Theory and Inelastic Dark Matter Results from XENON1T
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this work we expand on the XENON1T nuclear recoil searches and study the individual signals of Dark Matter interactions from operators up to dimension-eight in a Chiral Effective Field Theory (ChEFT) as well as a model of inelastic Dark Matter using data from the two science runs of the detector totalling 1 tonne*year exposure. For these analyses we extended the region of interest from [4.9, 40.9]keVnr to [4.9, 54.4]keVnr to enhance our sensitivity for signals that peak at nonzero energies. We show that the data is consistent with a background only hypothesis, with small excesses in the models which peak between 20 and 50keVnr, obtaining a maximum local discovery significance of 1.7 for the VVs ChEFT model for a WIMP mass of 70GeV/c2, and 1.8 for an iDM particle of 50GeV/c2 with a mass splitting of 100keV/c2. For each model we report 90% confidence level upper limits. We also report limits on three benchmark models of WIMP interaction using ChEFT for which we investigate the effect of isospin breaking interactions, reporting up to 6 orders of magnitude weaker limits with respect to the isospin conserving case driven by cancellations in the expected rate.
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| 2. |
- Kothapalli, Satya V.V.N. 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of Polymer-Shelled Microbubble Motions in Acoustophoresis
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The objective of this paper is to explore the trajectory motion of microsize (typically smaller than a redblood cell) encapsulated polymer-shelled gas bubbles propelled by radiation force in an acousticstanding-wave field and to compare the corresponding movements of solid polymer microbeads. Theexperimental setup consists of a microfluidic chip coupled to a piezoelectric crystal (PZT) with aresonance frequency of about 2.8 MHz. The microfluidic channel consists of a rectangular chamberwith a width, w, corresponding to one wavelength of the ultrasound standing wave. It creates one fullwave ultrasound of a standing-wave pattern with two pressure nodes at4w and43w and threeantinodes at 0,2w , and w. The peak-to-peak amplitude of the electrical potential over the PZT wasvaried between 1 and 10 volts. From Gor’kov’s potential equation, the acoustic contrast factor, Φ, forthe polymer-shelled microbubbles was calculated to about -60.7. Experimental results demonstratethat the polymer-shelled microbubbles are translated and accumulated at the pressure antinode planes.This trajectory motion of polymer-shelled microbubbles toward the pressure antinode plane is similarto what has been described for other acoustic contrast particles with a negative Φ. First, primaryradiation forces dragged the polymer-shelled microbubbles into proximity with each other at thepressure antinode planes. Then, secondary radiation forces caused them to aggregate at different spotsalong the channel. The relocation time for polymer-shelled microbubbles was 40 times shorter thanthat for polymer microbeads, and in contrast to polymer microbeads, the polymer-shelledmicrobubbles were actuated even at driving voltages (proportional to radiation forces) as low as 1 volt.In short, the polymer-shelled microbubbles demonstrate the behavior attributed to the negativeacoustic contrast factor particles and thus can be trapped at the antinode plane and thereby seperatedfrom solid particles, such as cells. This phenomenon could be utilized in exploring future applications,such as bioassay, bioaffinity, and cell interaction studies in vitro in a well-controlled environment.
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| 3. |
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| 6. |
- Cai, Bin, et al.
(författare)
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Organic Polymer Dots Photocatalyst for CO2 Reduction in Aqueous Solution
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Developing low-cost and efficient photocatalysts to convert CO2 into valuable fuels is desirable to realize a carbon-neutral society. In this work, we report that polymer dots (Pdots) of poly[(9,9′-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(1,4-benzo-thiadiazole)] (PFBT) without adding any extra co-catalyst can photocatalytic reduction of CO2 into CO in aqueous solution, rendering a CO production rate of 57 μmol g-1 h-1 with a detectable selectivity of up to 100%. 5 cycles of CO2 re-purging experiments show no distinct decline in CO amount and reaction rate, indicating the promising photocatalytic stability of PFBT Pdots in photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction. Mechanistic study reveals that photo-excited PFBT Pdots are reduced by TEOA first, then the reduced PFBT Pdots can bind CO2 and reduce it into CO via their intrinsic active sites. This work highlights the application of organic Pdots for CO2 reduction in the aqueous solution, which therefore provides a strategy to develop highly efficient and environmental-friendly nanoparticular photocatalysts for CO2 reduction.
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| 7. |
- Dawod, Ibrahim, et al.
(författare)
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Anisotropic melting of ice induced by ultrafast non-thermal heating
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Water and ice are routinely studied with X-rays to reveal their diverse structures and anomalous properties. We employ a hybrid collisional-radiative/molecular dynamics method to explore how femtosecond X-ray pulses interact with hexagonal ice. We find that ice makes a phase transition into a crystalline plasma where its initial structure is maintained up to tens of femtoseconds. The ultrafast melting process occurs anisotropically, where different geometric configurations of the structure melt on different time scales. The transient state and anisotropic melting of crystals can be captured by X-ray diffraction, which impacts any study of crystalline structures probed by femtosecond X-ray lasers.
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| 8. |
- Klaric, Lucija, et al.
(författare)
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Mendelian randomisation identifies alternative splicing of the FAS death receptor as a mediator of severe COVID-19.
- 2021
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Ingår i: medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. ; , s. 1-28
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Severe COVID-19 is characterised by immunopathology and epithelial injury. Proteomic studies have identified circulating proteins that are biomarkers of severe COVID-19, but cannot distinguish correlation from causation. To address this, we performed Mendelian randomisation (MR) to identify proteins that mediate severe COVID-19. Using protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) data from the SCALLOP consortium, involving meta-analysis of up to 26,494 individuals, and COVID-19 genome-wide association data from the Host Genetics Initiative, we performed MR for 157 COVID-19 severity protein biomarkers. We identified significant MR results for five proteins: FAS, TNFRSF10A, CCL2, EPHB4 and LGALS9. Further evaluation of these candidates using sensitivity analyses and colocalization testing provided strong evidence to implicate the apoptosis-associated cytokine receptor FAS as a causal mediator of severe COVID-19. This effect was specific to severe disease. Using RNA-seq data from 4,778 individuals, we demonstrate that the pQTL at the FAS locus results from genetically influenced alternate splicing causing skipping of exon 6. We show that the risk allele for very severe COVID-19 increases the proportion of transcripts lacking exon 6, and thereby increases soluble FAS. Soluble FAS acts as a decoy receptor for FAS-ligand, inhibiting apoptosis induced through membrane-bound FAS. In summary, we demonstrate a novel genetic mechanism that contributes to risk of severe of COVID-19, highlighting a pathway that may be a promising therapeutic target.
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| 9. |
- Korpi, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Human Capital Theory and Internal Migration : Do Average Outcomes Distort Our View of Migrant Motives?
- 2013
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Empirical studies on internal labor migration are usually based on observed patterns of net flows into local labor markets with relatively lower unemployment and relatively higher real wages. Evidence here suggests that internal migrants move to enhance returns to their labor. In contrast, major surveys in the USA, the UK and Australia show that less than a third of internal migrants are motivated primarily by employment reasons. A possible explanation for this disconnect revolves around average and individual outcomes from migration. Using a sample of 39 000 Swedish regional migrants, this paper addresses this disconnect by examining the distribution of short and long term migrant income changes, and the factors that predict their placement within this distribution. We show that returns to migration do matter, especially for the more educated migrants. Overall, however, about a third of all migrants had negative short term returns to migration and about 40 percent make below median gains even in the long run. The data support a view that average outcomes are an insufficient way to measure the role of human capital motivated migration.
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| 10. |
- Kryvokhyzha, Dmytro, et al.
(författare)
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Parental legacy, demography, and introgression influenced the evolution of the two subgenomes of the tetraploid Capsella bursa-pastoris (Brassicaceae)
- 2017
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Allopolyploidy is generally perceived as a major source of evolutionary novelties and as an instantaneous way to create isolation barriers. However, we do not have a clear understanding of how two subgenomes evolve and interact once they have fused in an allopolyploid species and how isolated they are from their relatives. Here, we address these questions by analyzing genomic and transcriptomic data of allotetraploid Capsella bursa-pastoris in three differentiated populations, Asia, Europe and the Middle East. We phased the two subgenomes, one descended from the outcrossing and highly diverse Capsella grandiflora (Cg) and the other one from the selfing and genetically depauperate Capsella orientalis (Co). For each subgenome, we assessed its relationship with the diploid relatives, temporal change of effective population size Ne, signatures of positive and negative selection, and gene expression patterns. Introgression between C. bursa-pastoris and its diploid relatives was widespread and the two subgenomes were impacted differentially depending on geographic region. In all three regions, Ne of the two subgenomes decreased gradually and the Co subgenome accumulated more deleterious changes than Cg. Selective sweeps were more common on the Cg subgenome in Europe and the Middle East, and on the Co subgenome in Asia. In contrast, differences in expression were limited with the Cg subgenome slightly more expressed than Co in Europe and the Middle-East. In summary, after more than 100,000 generations of co-existence, the two subgenomes of C. bursa-pastoris still retained a strong signature of parental legacy and were differentially affected by introgression and selection.
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