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- Anderson, Atholl, et al.
(författare)
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Reconsidering Precolumbian Human Colonization In The Galapagos Islands, Republic Of Ecuador
- 2016
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Ingår i: Latin American antiquity. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1045-6635 .- 2325-5080. ; 27:2, s. 169-183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fifty years ago, Heyerdahl and Skjolsvold (1956, 1990) collected material from five archaeological sites in the Galapagos Islands. They retained earthenwares of possible precolumbian origin and discarded ceramic, metal, and glass artifacts postdating the arrival of the Spanish in A.D. 1535. Consequently, they argued that each site was formed as the results of a series of discard events from unrelated short-term occupations extending from the precolumbian to the historical era, and that the earthenwares represented occasional visits by fishermen from precolumbian Peru and Ecuador. In 2005, we re -excavated the sites and collected all the excavated materials. Our results show that each class of material, irrespective of age or origin, was distributed spatially and stratigraphically in the same pattern, contradicting the former assumption of multiple, unrelated occupations. We reject the palimpsest model in favor of the null hypothesis of single-phase site occupation. Analysis of putatively precolumbian pottery using optically-stimulated luminescence dating indicates that it is mostly of historical age. Radiocarbon dating confirms that the archaeological sites are younger than the sixteenth century. Research on sedimentary cores shows probable anthropogenic impacts as restricted to the last 500 years. We conclude that there was no human occupation in the Galapagos Islands until the historical era.
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| 4. |
- Martinsson-Wallin, Helene, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Chronogeographic Variation in Initial East Polynesian Construction of Monumental Ceremonial Sites
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of island and coastal archaeology. - London : Routledge. - 1556-4894 .- 1556-1828. ; 8:3, s. 405-421
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the orthodox model of change in East Polynesian material culture,the riseofmonumentalceremonial sites is predicted as occurring earlierin the central archipelagos than at the margins. We have used existingand new radiocarbon dates from marae and ahu respectively to testthis proposition in relation to the Society Islands and Easter Island(Rapa Nui). The data contradict the anticipated trend by showing thatthe initial phase of complex ceremonial sites began earlier, ca. cal AD1300–1400 on Rapa Nui than in the Societies, ca. cal AD 1400–1600.Different explanations are canvassed. The sample size used here is stillquite small; future investigations and larger sample sizes may changeor confirm the results.
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| 5. |
- Martinsson-Wallin, Helene, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Prehistoric lifestyles on Gotland : Diachronic and Synchronic perspectives
- 2011
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Ingår i: Archaeologia Lituana. - Vilnius : Vilniaus universiteto leidykla. - 1392-6748. ; 12, s. 142-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Österholm (1989) suggested that it was the same population group who inhabit Gotland territory from the Mesolithic until the Bronze Age. She is of the opinion that the dramatic environmental changes were the decisive factor of the various lifestyle approaches and settlement patterns seen over time, a period of 7000 years. New research and diachronic and synchronic perspectives show that these patterns are not so simple and straight forward. Interactivity between changes in natural, social and cultural milieu are all driving forces at play in the lifestyle approaches, settlement patterns, social formations and external influences indicated on Gotland in prehistoric times.
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| 7. |
- Martinsson-Wallin, Helene, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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The excavations of Pulemelei site 2002-2004
- 2007
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Ingår i: Archaeology in Oceania. - Sydney : University of Sydney. - 0003-8121. ; 42, s. 41-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 9. |
- Martinsson-Wallin, Helene, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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The story of the only (?) megalith grave on Gotland Island
- 2010
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Ingår i: Documenta Praehistorica. - Lubljana : Univerza v Ljubljani. - 1408-967X. ; 37, s. 77-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper, we discuss the easternmost material expression of the Funnel Beaker Culture – a megalith grave on the west coast of Gotland Island in the Baltic Sea. The people who built and used the megalith brought the Neolithic lifestyle to Gotland. The biography of this monument includes two excavations, of which we participated in the latest in 1984. Our osteological analysis confirms that some thirty individuals of both sexes and various ages were buried there. The structure of the monument is that of a rectangular dolmen. This paper discusses the discovery of this specific site, and explores the existence of this type of monument in a Gotland context. Furthermore, is this really the only megalith on Gotland, or are more of these structures yet to be recognised? Finally, one may ask if the Neolithic way of life really was successful on Gotland.
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