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- Bartolini Bussi, M G, et al.
(författare)
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Mathematics in context: focusing on students
- 2009
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Ingår i: Challenging Mathematics In and Beyond the Classroom – The 16th ICMI Study. - New York : Springer Science+Business Media B.V.. - 9780387096032 ; , s. 171-203
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter presents nine case studies in which school students engage in challenging mathematics outside their immediate classroom environment. In each case, students are encouraged to collaborate in investigations that go beyond the standard curriculum and creatively use the ingredients of the particular context. In Italy, students visit a mathematical laboratory to understand and utilize mathematical machines. Morning assembly at an Indian school brings students from many classes together in the solution of mathematical problems. Four of the projects are from France: students analyze the configuration of a heap of sand, pursue astronomical investigations with software, obtain a flavor of research by having secondary school teams investigate interesting problems, and are presented at all levels with open-ended research problems. There are three programs from the United States, the first, an advanced geometry sequence for secondary students completing the regular syllabus early, the second, activities arising from exhibits in an art museum, and the third, using the school lawn to deepen student understanding of geometric constructions. All such activities need to be evaluated for their effectiveness, so that they move from just being initiatives of dynamic individuals to serve as the foundation for systemic improvements in the way in which students learn, understand and use mathematics. In the early part of this chapter, we briefly mention how research into such activities might be approached.
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- Perotti, Daniela, et al.
(författare)
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Hallmark discoveries in the biology of Wilms tumour
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Reviews Urology. - 1759-4812.
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The modern study of Wilms tumour was prompted nearly 50 years ago, when Alfred Knudson proposed the ‘two-hit’ model of tumour development. Since then, the efforts of researchers worldwide have substantially expanded our knowledge of Wilms tumour biology, including major advances in genetics — from cloning the first Wilms tumour gene to high-throughput studies that have revealed the genetic landscape of this tumour. These discoveries improve understanding of the embryonal origin of Wilms tumour, familial occurrences and associated syndromic conditions. Many efforts have been made to find and clinically apply prognostic biomarkers to Wilms tumour, for which outcomes are generally favourable, but treatment of some affected individuals remains challenging. Challenges are also posed by the intratumoural heterogeneity of biomarkers. Furthermore, preclinical models of Wilms tumour, from cell lines to organoid cultures, have evolved. Despite these many achievements, much still remains to be discovered: further molecular understanding of relapse in Wilms tumour and of the multiple origins of bilateral Wilms tumour are two examples of areas under active investigation. International collaboration, especially when large tumour series are required to obtain robust data, will help to answer some of the remaining unresolved questions.
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