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- Chavez-Rodriguez, Mauro F., et al.
(författare)
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Fuel saving strategies in the Andes : long-term impacts for Peru, Colombia and Ecuador
- 2018
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Ingår i: Energy Strategy Reviews. - : Elsevier. - 2211-467X .- 2211-4688. ; 20, s. 35-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Crude oil exports and imports play a crucial role in the trade balance of Peru, Colombia and Ecuador. These countries are looking into fossil fuel saving measures as a way to deal with increasing demands and decreasing oil production rates. However, studies about the long-term effects of these measures is lacking. Using a combination of energy simulation technics, 17 fuel saving strategies ranging from fuel switching to the investment in underground transport and hydropower capacity expansion were modelled and assessed to evaluate their long-term effect on fossil fuels demand reduction. Our results show that the full implementation of strategies can account for cumulative oil savings of over 550 million barrels of oil by 2030. Findings also point out that Ecuador and Colombia could face the transition from net oil-exporters to importers as soon as the end of the next decade.
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| 3. |
- Opgenoorth, Hermann J., et al.
(författare)
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Assessment and recommendations for a consolidated European approach to space weather - as part of a global space weather effort
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate. - : EDP Sciences. - 2115-7251. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the last 10-20 years there has been an ever-increasing international awareness of risks to modern society from adverse and potentially harmful - and in extreme cases even disastrous - space weather events. Many individual countries and even international organisations like the United Nations (UN) have begun to increase their activities in preparing for and mitigating effects of adverse space weather. As in the rest of the world there is also in Europe an urgent need for coordination of Space Weather efforts in individual countries as well as in and among European organisations such as the European Space Agency (ESA) and the European Union (EU). This coordination should not only improve our ability to meet space weather risks, but also enable Europe to contribute to on-going global space weather efforts. While space weather is a global threat, which needs a global response, it also requires tailored regional and trans-regional responses that require coordination at all levels. Commissioned by the European Space Science Committee (ESSC) of the European Science Foundation, the authors - together with ex-officio advice from ESA and the EU - have over two years assessed European activities in the realm of space weather and formulated a set of recommendations to ESA, the EU and their respective member states, about how to prepare Europe for the increasing impact of adverse space weather effects on man-made infrastructure and our society as a whole. We have also analysed parallel international activities worldwide, and we give advice how Europe could incorporate its future activities into a global scheme.
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