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- Cameron-McDermott, Suzette M., et al.
(författare)
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Antimicrobial susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates and syndromic treatment of men with urethral discharge in Kingston, Jamaica, 2018-19
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. - : Oxford University Press. - 0305-7453 .- 1460-2091. ; 77:1, s. 218-222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To quantitatively determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from men with urethral discharge in Jamaica and to describe the syndromic treatment therapies administered.METHODS: Urethral eSwabs (Copan) were collected from 175 men presenting with urethral discharge to the Comprehensive Health Centre STI Clinic, Kingston, Jamaica. Clinical information was collected and MICs of eight antimicrobials were determined for N. gonorrhoeae isolates (n = 96) using Etest and interpreted using CLSI criteria.RESULTS: The median age of the subjects was 28 years (range: 18-73 years) with a median of 2 sexual partners (range: 1-25) per male in the previous 3 months. All examined N. gonorrhoeae isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone (96/96), azithromycin (91/91), cefixime (91/91) and spectinomycin (91/91). For ciprofloxacin and gentamicin, respectively, 98.9% (91/92) and 91.3% (84/92) of the isolates were susceptible and 1.1% (1/92) and 8.7% (8/92) showed intermediate susceptibility/resistance. For tetracycline and benzylpenicillin, respectively, 38.0% (35/92) and 22.0% (20/91) of the isolates were susceptible, 52.2% (48/92) and 74.7% (68/91) showed intermediate susceptibility/resistance and 9.8% (9/92) and 3.3% (3/91) were resistant. Syndromic treatment was administered as follows: 93.1% received 250 mg of ceftriaxone intramuscularly plus 100 mg of doxycycline orally q12h for 1-2 weeks and 6.9% received 500 mg of ciprofloxacin orally plus 100 mg of doxycycline orally q12h for 1 week.CONCLUSIONS: Ceftriaxone (250 mg) remains appropriate for gonorrhoea treatment in the examined population of men in Kingston, Jamaica. Surveillance of N. gonorrhoeae AMR should be expanded in Jamaica and other Caribbean countries to guide evidence-based treatment guidelines.
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| 3. |
- Reins, Rose Y., et al.
(författare)
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Vitamin D Induces Global Gene Transcription in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells : Implications for Corneal Inflammation
- 2016
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Ingår i: Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. - : Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO). - 0146-0404 .- 1552-5783. ; 57:6, s. 2689-2698
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE. Our previous studies show that human corneal epithelial cells (HCEC) have a functional vitamin D receptor (VDR) and respond to vitamin D by dampening TLR-induced inflammation. Here, we further examined the timing of the cytokine response to combined vitamin D-TLR treatment and used genome-wide microarray analysis to examine the effect of vitamin D on corneal gene expression. METHODS. Telomerase-immortalized HCEC (hTCEpi) were stimulated with polyinosinicpolycytidylic acid (poly[I: C]) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 (1,25D(3)) for 2 to 24 hours and interleukin (IL)-8 expression was examined by quantitative (q) PCR and ELISA. Telomeraseimmortalized HCEC and SV40-HCEC were treated with 1,25D(3) and used in genome-wide microarray analysis. Expression of target genes was validated using qPCR in both cell lines and primary HCEC. For confirmation of IjBa protein, hTCEpi were treated with 1,25D(3) for 24 hours and cell lysates used in an ELISA. RESULTS. Treatment with 1,25D(3) increased poly(I: C)-induced IL-8 mRNA and protein expression after 2 to 6 hours. However, when cells were pretreated with 1,25D(3) for 24 hours, 1,25D(3) decreased cytokine expression. For microarray analysis, 308 genes were differentially expressed by 1,25D(3) treatment in hTCEpi, and 69 genes in SV40s. Quantitative (q) PCR confirmed the vitamin D-mediated upregulation of target genes, including nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha (I kappa B alpha). In addition to increased transcript levels, I kappa B alpha protein was increased by 28% following 24 hours of vitamin D treatment. CONCLUSIONS. Microarray analysis demonstrates that vitamin D regulates numerous genes in HCEC and influences TLR signaling through upregulation of I kappa B alpha. These findings are important in dissecting the role of vitamin D at the ocular surface and highlight the need for further research into the functions of vitamin D and its influence on corneal gene expression.
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