| 1. |
- Gifford, Ethan, et al.
(författare)
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To what extent do external sources of knowledge affect the innovative performance of knowledge intensive entrepreneurial firms? The effects of depth and breadth of openness on manufacturing and service innovations
- 2015
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Ingår i: DRUID Society conference 2015, Rome, June 15-17. ; 2015:2466
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines the effects of breadth and depth of external knowledge sourcing on the innovativeness of a specific classification of organization, the knowledge intensive entrepreneurial (KIE) firm. This type of firm has been observed as being critically important to growth and development in modern economies, yet how it uses external knowledge sources for innovation has received little direct attention in the literature. Using data from the EU?s recent AEGIS project, investigating knowledge intensive entrepreneurship in Europe covering just over 4000 entrepreneurial firms, this paper uses fractional logit models, as well as an OLS model based on alternating least squares optimal scaling (ALSOS), to estimate the relationship between breadth and depth of external knowledge sourcing and that of innovative performance of the KIE firm. We find that breadth is curvi-linearly related to innovative performance in KIE firms, but that depth, while related to innovativeness, does not assume this functional form. Additionally, a principal components analysis reveals that non-industry sources of knowledge in the form of state, national, or regional research-based or academic entities, as well as knowledge in the form of academic and trade publications, are statistically significant/relevant as external sources of knowledge for innovation in KIE firms. Industry sources of knowledge such as clients, customers, and supplier are statistically significant sources only for innovation in goods, not in terms of innovation in services, or novelty of innovations produced. Recommendations for future research and policy implications are provided based on these findings.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bagley, Mark, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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The evolution of niche: variety in knowledge networks in the global music industry
- 2022
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Ingår i: Industry and Innovation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-2716 .- 1469-8390. ; 29:3, s. 425-462
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines the evolution of niches in creative industries, specifically the music industry. We conceptualise niche evolution as a manifestation of Schumpeterian disruption, and the music scene as a representation of a creative niche. Through mixed methods, we analyse niche evolution in collaboration networks over sixty years. We show that niche evolution exhibits recombination and reinforcement of new ideas, and propose that niche emergence and evolution in the music industry can be categorised as following three different pathways: seed fragmentation networks with early recombination and intermediate-stage reinforcement, often resulting from break-ups of highly influential bands; creative horizontal networks with intermediate-stage recombination and reinforcement, consisting of tightly knit communities with delayed commercial breakthroughs; and artist experimentation networks with late recombination and reinforcement, consisting of small niches of sub-genre innovations. This paper opens up new research directions for niche evolution, which can advance understanding of knowledge-intensive innovation ecosystems in other sectors.
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| 4. |
- Gifford, Ethan, et al.
(författare)
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Innovating in knowledge-intensive entrepreneurial firms: exploring the effects of a variety of internal and external knowledge sources on goods and service innovations
- 2022
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Ingår i: Industrial and Corporate Change. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0960-6491 .- 1464-3650. ; 31:5, s. 1259-1284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although knowledge-intensive entrepreneurial firms experiencing high growth and generating innovations are widely acknowledged as important for economic growth, surprisingly little is known about how such firms achieve and maintain a high level of knowledge intensity through which to innovate. Our article further develops the concept of knowledge intensity by proposing that it is augmented by external and internal search activities carried out by the entrepreneurial firm and analyzes how these activities affect innovation performance. We use principal component analysis to derive formal and informal search channels from summated rating scales—measuring reliance on internal and external sources of knowledge—and then use fractional logit regression to explore how these channels relate to a firm’s innovative performance, i.e., the share of innovative goods and services sold. We find that searching via informal channels, and formal channels toward scientific and technological knowledge, improves innovation performance of both goods and services, while searching via formal channels toward market knowledge positively affects only innovative goods. Overall, informal channels matter more than formal channels. Lastly, we find substitution rather than complementarity effects between external and internal search channels in their effect on innovation performance in both goods and services. Thus, we interpret that building up knowledge intensity per se through search matters more for innovation performance than whether search is internally or externally focused. Our work contributes to the growing literature on knowledge-intensive entrepreneurship, to the related literature on new technology-based firms and young innovative firms, and to the general understanding of knowledge intensity at the firm level.
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| 5. |
- Gifford, Ethan, et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge-Intensive Entrepreneurship and S3: Conceptualizing Strategies for Sustainability
- 2019
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Ingår i: 22nd Uddevalla Symposium 2019 Conference, L'Aquila Italy, June 27-29.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim with this paper is to enrich the theory and practice of smart specialization strategies (S3) by integrating the conceptualization of knowledge-intensive entrepreneurship (KIE) to the discourse on S3, and illustrating how this integration can be beneficial to fulfillment or furthering of specific sustainable development goals. For this purpose, we derive a conceptual model based on previous research on governance routines involving knowledge-intensive entrepreneurship by linking to previous research on KIE, as well as through an illustrative case example using the Swedish maritime cluster. We end by proposing three different strategic roles for the KIE firm to enhance S3 and sustainability-related outcomes.
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| 6. |
- Gifford, Ethan, et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge-Intensive Entrepreneurship and S3: Conceptualizing Strategies for Sustainability
- 2019
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 11:28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Smart specialization strategies represent public policy initiatives to develop regions based on new combinations of knowledge and industries. The aim of this article is to enrich the theory and practice of smart specialization strategies (S3) by integrating the conceptualization of knowledge-intensive entrepreneurship (KIE). We propose that knowledge-intensive entrepreneurship is necessary in order to specify how public and private support of KIE firms can be beneficial to develop new knowledge relevant to the fulfillment of specific sustainable development goals. We did so by further developing a conceptual model of innovation governance routines by integrating sustainability goals. We also illustrated our conceptual model through two case studies from the Swedish maritime cluster. By extrapolating from the combination of the conceptual model and two case studies, we make three propositions about the different strategic roles that KIE firms can play within a broader S3 policy setting, and in such a way as to promote sustainability-related outcomes
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| 7. |
- Gifford, Ethan, et al.
(författare)
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Search and Innovation in Knowledge Intensive Entrepreneurial Firms: Exploring the relationship between external knowledge sources and goods and services innovation
- 2017
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Ingår i: Presentation at conference "Knowledge and Universities: Impact on science, industry and policy", IIE, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden, 11-13 September 2017.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper addresses knowledge intensive entrepreneurial ventures (KIEs) and how they utilize external search in order to obtain new knowledge, and in turn, if this helps their innovative performance. The analysis is based on a large scale database in Europe. Our results show that the breadth of search is curvilinear (taking an inverted U-shape) related to innovation, a result which reinforces existing literature. However, the depth of search is linearly related to innovation. Moreover, we find that service innovation is not significantly associated with business and operations-based knowledge, but instead with scientific and technological knowledge.
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| 8. |
- Gifford, Ethan, et al.
(författare)
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Tapping into Western Technologies by Chinese Multinational Enterprises: Geely purchase of Volvo Cars and Huawei hiring of Ericsson employees in Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: Innovation spaces in Asia entrepreneurs, multinational enterprises and policy edited by Maureen McKelvey, Sharmistha Bagchi-Sen. - Cheltenham, U.K. : Edward Elgar Publishers. - 9781783475674 ; , s. 231-255
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter focuses on how firms from emerging markets can access, and tap into, relevant external knowledge for innovation in Western countries, and thereby stimulate flows within new innovation spaces across countries.. This chapter focuses on China and Sweden, and more specifically on companies in the automobile and telecommunication industries. Chinese companies are increasingly moving abroad to access both advanced technologies and new markets. The chapter presents two case studies of Chinese firms moving into Sweden, including Geely’s purchase of Volvo Car Corporation in the automotive industry and Huawei’s hiring of Ericsson’s previous employees in the telecommunication industry. The cases represent two mechanisms for accessing scientific and technological resource, namely foreign acquisition and employment of key individuals from competitors through the establishment of R&D labs.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Gifford, Ethan, et al.
(författare)
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The evolution of knowledge-intensive innovation ecosystems : co-evolving entrepreneurial activity and innovation policy in the West Swedish maritime system
- 2021
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Ingår i: Industry and Innovation. - Abingdon : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-2716 .- 1469-8390. ; 28:5, s. 651-676
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper contributes insights into the debate concerning the emergence of innovation ecosystems. More specifically, we propose a knowledge-intensive innovation ecosystem. Building on prior research on collective action, innovation governance, and knowledge-intensive entrepreneurship, we elaborate on existing theory by presenting a conceptual framework to articulate why ecosystems require the combination of top-down exploration of policy alternatives by policymakers, together with bottom-up knowledge-intensive entrepreneurial activity in order to progress towards sustainable development. Through our case study of the Maritime Cluster of West Sweden, we propose that sustained incentives for knowledge-intensive innovative entrepreneurship, along with more experimentation and new forms of collaboration by policymakers in the Maritime Cluster, are needed in order for progress towards innovation-led sustainable development to occur. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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