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- McNabb, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
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Meta-analysis of 16 studies of the association of alcohol with colorectal cancer
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 146:3, s. 861-873
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alcohol consumption is an established risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, while studies have consistently reported elevated risk of CRC among heavy drinkers, associations at moderate levels of alcohol consumption are less clear. We conducted a combined analysis of 16 studies of CRC to examine the shape of the alcohol-CRC association, investigate potential effect modifiers of the association, and examine differential effects of alcohol consumption by cancer anatomic site and stage. We collected information on alcohol consumption for 14,276 CRC cases and 15,802 controls from 5 case-control and 11 nested case-control studies of CRC. We compared adjusted logistic regression models with linear and restricted cubic splines to select a model that best fit the association between alcohol consumption and CRC. Study-specific results were pooled using fixed-effects meta-analysis. Compared to non-/occasional drinking (<= 1 g/day), light/moderate drinking (up to 2 drinks/day) was associated with a decreased risk of CRC (odds ratio [OR]: 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.88-0.98, p = 0.005), heavy drinking (2-3 drinks/day) was not significantly associated with CRC risk (OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 0.99-1.24, p = 0.08) and very heavy drinking (more than 3 drinks/day) was associated with a significant increased risk (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.11-1.40, p < 0.001). We observed no evidence of interactions with lifestyle risk factors or of differences by cancer site or stage. These results provide further evidence that there is a J-shaped association between alcohol consumption and CRC risk. This overall pattern was not significantly modified by other CRC risk factors and there was no effect heterogeneity by tumor site or stage.
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| 2. |
- McNabb, B, et al.
(författare)
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Using surface velocities to infer ice thickness and bed topography : A case study a Columbia Glacier, Alaska, USA
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Glaciology. - 0022-1430 .- 1727-5652. ; 58:212, s. 1151-1164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Information about glacier volume and ice thickness distribution is essential for manyglaciological applications, but direct measurements of ice thickness can be diffcult and costly. Wepresent a new method that calculates ice thickness via an estimate of ice fux. We solve the familiarcontinuity equation between adjacent fowlines, which decreases the computational time requiredcompared to a solution on the whole grid. We test the method on Columbia Glacier, a large tidewaterglacier in Alaska, USA, and compare calculated and measured ice thicknesses, with favorable results.This shows the potential of this method for estimating ice thickness distribution of glaciers for whichonly surface data are available. We fnd that both the mean thickness and volume of Columbia Glacierwere approximately halved over the period 1957–2007, from 281m to 143m, and from 294km3to134km3, respectively. Using bedrock slope and considering how waves of thickness change propagatethrough the glacier, we conduct a brief analysis of the instability of Columbia Glacier, which leads usto conclude that the rapid portion of the retreat may be nearing an end.
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