| 1. |
- Hadjigeorgiou, E., et al.
(author)
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A systematic review into expert knowledge elicitation methods for emerging food and feed risk identification
- 2022
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In: Food Control. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-7135 .- 1873-7129. ; 136, s. 108848-
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An emerging risk results "... from a newly identified hazard to which a significant exposure may occur, or from an unexpected new or increased significant exposure and/or susceptibility to a known hazard". In the field of emerging food and feed risks, expert knowledge elicitation methodologies represent important tools for identifying and addressing data gaps associated with emerging risk identification, particularly under conditions of risk uncertainty and/or ambiguity. A systematic review was conducted to identify expert knowledge elicitation methods which have been used in the context of emerging food and feed risks. The primary research questions were which existing expert knowledge elicitation methodologies have been used to study emerging food and feed risks? and what contexts or situations have been studied using expert knowledge elicitation methodologies in relation to emerging food and feed-related risks? Three databases were searched: Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Searches covered all studies published from 1998 onwards. A total of 59 studies were included in the review following the application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Given the heterogeneity of the included studies, a thematic analysis was applied to assess these papers in relation to the research questions. There was no one expert knowledge elicitation method consistently adopted for the identification of a specific type of emerging food and feed risk. Method triangulation was observed in 23 studies and was reported to improve the validity of results in 15 of these. Most published research considered emerging risks associated with societal controversy ("ambiguous risks"). Although the use of methodological triangulation appears to be helpful in relation to understanding emerging food and feed risks, future research into the development of a harmonised framework will enable the identification, processing, and evaluation of emerging food risks in a systemic way which can facilitate comparative analysis and harmonise mitigation strategies to address emerging risks and their drivers.
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| 2. |
- Sanne, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Recommendations for future development of technologies for water management
- 2021
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A challenge describes both opportunities and barriers, and an enabler provides means to manage achallenge.The framework for the deliverable is based upon identifying process facilitators (e.g.workshops) and discursive abilities/devices providing enablers that partners used in order to make senseacross organizations and professional communities (developers and users) as a means to develop anddeploy digital technologies and services.IVL lead the work and edited the deliverable. Gothenburg city (CGEA), city of Amersfoort (COA) andBarcelona waste and wastewater company (BCASA) provided experiences as stakeholder and dataprovider, through user involvement.IVL Swedish Environmental Institute, Eurecat (EUT), Talkpool (TP),Civity (CIV) provided experiences from development and implementation work (focusing on stakeholderengagement and user involvement). They all contributed to the deliverable through meetings and writingone section each. Analysing the same processes from different points of view provided interesting insightsinto the development process and implications for the coming phases of the project.The Gothenburg section expresses how insights from cooperation issues from before the project, wereturned into a well-designed collaboration process (process facilitator) between developers andusers/stakeholders. In Gothenburg, engaging with various departments within the municipality and withexternal stakeholders has been a continuing learning process for IVL (case study leader).IVL graduallypresented various opportunities within the project, both in Amersfoort and Barcelona, which has beenvery much appreciated by the stakeholders. In this way, the engagement process has also enabledstakeholders to envision a number of opportunities that the new technologies empower that can becontinued beyond SCOREwater.Moreover, due to a fruitful collaboration between developers and stakeholders, both Gothenburg andBarcelona cities now envision even more opportunities and ambitions, some of which might be realizedwithin the project, some outside.Both Amersfoort and Barcelona also analyse how insights from different organizational issues influencedtheir design of process facilitators and discursive abilities.The Amersfoort section shows the influencefrom a) the different organizational structures and motives between the municipality, the for-profitcompanies and citizen volunteers and b) the differences in work processes between their policy makersand data analysts, people that seemed to be previously unfamiliar with working together.The first issuewas addressed through finding common ground in the objectives (added value as a discursive device) andthe second through designing a common process – going from simple to more complex hypothesis.In the Barcelona case, BCASA realized a) that they needed to “translate” their needs and concepts withregard to wastewater maintenance to other Catalan partners and b) that they needed to involve andengage both workers and managers at several departments for the SCOREwater project so that theyunderstand.see and value the benefits it provide and therefore engage in and support the SCOREwaterproject. EUT, TP and CIV expressed fewer specific challenges than the case studies, using familiar andproved process facilitators and discursive devices (CRISP-DM business modelling and user stories).
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| 3. |
- Nahari, G., et al.
(author)
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'Language of lies': Urgent issues and prospects in verbal lie detection research
- 2019
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In: Legal and Criminological Psychology. - : Wiley. - 1355-3259 .- 2044-8333. ; 24:1, s. 1-23
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Since its introduction into the field of deception detection, the verbal channel has become a rapidly growing area of research. The basic assumption is that liars differ from truth tellers in their verbal behaviour, making it possible to classify them by inspecting their verbal accounts. However, as noted in conferences and in private communication between researchers, the field of verbal lie detection faces several challenges that merit focused attention. The first author therefore proposed a workshop with the mission of promoting solutions for urgent issues in the field. Nine researchers and three practitioners with experience in credibility assessments gathered for 3 days of discussion at Bar-Ilan University (Israel) in the first international verbal lie detection workshop. The primary session of the workshop took place the morning of the first day. In this session, each of the participants had up to 10 min to deliver a brief message, using just one slide. Researchers were asked to answer the question: 'In your view, what is the most urgent, unsolved question/issue in verbal lie detection?' Similarly, practitioners were asked: 'As a practitioner, what question/issue do you wish verbal lie detection research would address?' The issues raised served as the basis for the discussions that were held throughout the workshop. The current paper first presents the urgent, unsolved issues raised by the workshop group members in the main session, followed by a message to researchers in the field, designed to deliver the insights, decisions, and conclusions resulting from the discussions.
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| 4. |
- McCarthy, Randy J., et al.
(author)
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Registered Replication Report on Srull and Wyer (1979)
- 2018
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In: Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science. - : SAGE Publications Inc. - 2515-2459 .- 2515-2467. ; 1:3, s. 321-336
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Srull and Wyer (1979) demonstrated that exposing participants to more hostility-related stimuli caused them subsequently to interpret ambiguous behaviors as more hostile. In their Experiment 1, participants descrambled sets of words to form sentences. In one condition, 80% of the descrambled sentences described hostile behaviors, and in another condition, 20% described hostile behaviors. Following the descrambling task, all participants read a vignette about a man named Donald who behaved in an ambiguously hostile manner and then rated him on a set of personality traits. Next, participants rated the hostility of various ambiguously hostile behaviors (all ratings on scales from 0 to 10). Participants who descrambled mostly hostile sentences rated Donald and the ambiguous behaviors as approximately 3 scale points more hostile than did those who descrambled mostly neutral sentences. This Registered Replication Report describes the results of 26 independent replications (N = 7,373 in the total sample; k = 22 labs and N = 5,610 in the primary analyses) of Srull and Wyer?s Experiment 1, each of which followed a preregistered and vetted protocol. A random-effects meta-analysis showed that the protagonist was seen as 0.08 scale points more hostile when participants were primed with 80% hostile sentences than when they were primed with 20% hostile sentences (95% confidence interval, CI = [0.004, 0.16]). The ambiguously hostile behaviors were seen as 0.08 points less hostile when participants were primed with 80% hostile sentences than when they were primed with 20% hostile sentences (95% CI = [?0.18, 0.01]). Although the confidence interval for one outcome excluded zero and the observed effect was in the predicted direction, these results suggest that the currently used methods do not produce an assimilative priming effect that is practically and routinely detectable.
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| 5. |
- Verschuere, Bruno, et al.
(author)
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Registered Replication Report on Mazar, Amir, and Ariely (2008)
- 2018
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In: Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science. - : SAGE Publications. - 2515-2459 .- 2515-2467. ; 1:3, s. 299-317
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The self-concept maintenance theory holds that many people will cheat in order to maximize self-profit, but only to the extent that they can do so while maintaining a positive self-concept. Mazar, Amir, and Ariely (2008, Experiment 1) gave participants an opportunity and incentive to cheat on a problem-solving task. Prior to that task, participants either recalled the Ten Commandments (a moral reminder) or recalled 10 books they had read in high school (a neutral task). Results were consistent with the self-concept maintenance theory. When given the opportunity to cheat, participants given the moral-reminder priming task reported solving 1.45 fewer matrices than did those given a neutral prime (Cohen’s d = 0.48); moral reminders reduced cheating. Mazar et al.’s article is among the most cited in deception research, but their Experiment 1 has not been replicated directly. This Registered Replication Report describes the aggregated result of 25 direct replications (total N = 5,786), all of which followed the same preregistered protocol. In the primary meta-analysis (19 replications, total n = 4,674), participants who were given an opportunity to cheat reported solving 0.11 more matrices if they were given a moral reminder than if they were given a neutral reminder (95% confidence interval = [−0.09, 0.31]). This small effect was numerically in the opposite direction of the effect observed in the original study (Cohen’s d = −0.04).
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| 6. |
- Lukosch, H., et al.
(author)
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A serious game design combining simulation and sandbox approaches
- 2014
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In: Frontiers in Gaming Simulation. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319049533 ; , s. 52-59
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Research has proven the usefulness of serious gaming for learning and advancing motivation by a combination of visuals, audio, text, and entertaining elements. Nevertheless, a broadly accepted, practical instructional design approach to serious games does not yet exist, especially when focusing on vocational edu-cation. The authors introduce a new instructional design model developed for this massive field of education, and argue some advantages compared to other design approaches. The first application is presented in mechanics mechatronics edu-cation to illustrate the close match of timing and provision of information that the instructional design model prescribes and how this has been translated to a rigidly structured serious game design. The structured approach answers the learning needs of applicable knowledge within the target group. It combines advantages of gaming simulations related to the transfer of knowledge from and to the workplace with a sandbox approach, an integrated fun-part of the game, which is aiming at motivating the students in in the best possible way.
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| 7. |
- Van Bussel, R., et al.
(author)
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Effects of a game-facilitated curriculum on technical knowledge and skill development
- 2014
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In: Frontiers in Gaming Simulation. - Cham : Springer. ; , s. 93-101
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Education in the European Union is one of the key factors to safeguard our competitiveness in the globalising economy. Based upon the Knowledge Triangle, the EU and its member states are working on improving the quality of education, the connection with research for transfer of new knowledge and the connection with industry to bring innovations. Within this paradigm, there are a lot of initiatives targeted towards higher and professional education to work on new teaching methods that implement the knowledge triangle better, especially for learning about complex systems and complex questions in society. From an economic point of view, however, the base of craftsmanship in society is key to keep up our productivity and ability to produce new and more advanced products, in times where most simple production activities get outsourced to developing countries. Vocational education is therefore arguably equally or even more important than higher and professional education. Unfortunately, vocational education is not yet functioning optimally. Our work represented in this paper aims to contribute to improve the outcomes of vocational education by exploring the use of gaming simulation that is already successful in other forms of education.
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