| 1. |
- Stattin, Karl, et al.
(author)
-
Physical activity is associated with a large number of cardiovascular-specific proteins : Cross-sectional analyses in two independent cohorts
- 2019
-
In: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2047-4873 .- 2047-4881. ; 26:17, s. 1865-1873
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims: We aimed to discover and replicate associations between leisure-time physical activity and cardiovascular candidate plasma protein biomarkers and to examine whether the associations were independent of body fat. Methods: We used cross-sectional data from two population-based cohorts, the EpiHealth (discovery cohort; n = 2239) and the Swedish Mammography Cohort – Clinical (SMCC; replication cohort; n = 4320). Physical activity during leisure time was assessed using questionnaires, and plasma concentrations of 184 proteins were assayed using the Olink Proseek Multiplex Cardiovascular 2 and 3 kits. We applied adjusted linear regression models using the False Discovery Rate to control for multiple testing in discovery. Results: In EpiHealth, physical activity was associated with 75 cardiovascular plasma biomarkers, of which 28 associations were verified (replicated) in SMCC. Findings include seven novel associations in human: paraoxonase 3, cystatin B, cathepsin Z, alpha-L-iduronidase, prostasin, growth differentiation factor 2 and tumour necrosis factor alpha receptor superfamily member 11A. Estimates for associations were similar across tertiles of body fat and physical activity was associated with four biomarkers independent of body fat percentage: paraoxonase 3, cystatin B, fatty acid-binding protein 4 and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. Conclusion: Leisure-time physical activity was associated with 28 cardiovascular-specific proteins; four associations were independent of body fat. Biomarkers in novel associations are involved in several atherosclerotic processes including regulation of low-density lipoprotein oxidation, protein degradation and immune cell adhesion and migration. Further research into these pathways may yield new insights into how physical activity affects cardiovascular health.
|
|
| 2. |
- Titova, Olga E., et al.
(author)
-
Comprehensive analyses of circulating cardiometabolic proteins and objective measures of fat mass
- 2023
-
In: International Journal of Obesity. - : Springer Nature. - 1476-5497 .- 0307-0565. ; 47:11, s. 1043-1049
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The underlying molecular pathways for the effect of excess fat mass on cardiometabolic diseases is not well understood. Since body mass index is a suboptimal measure of body fat content, we investigated the relationship of fat mass measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry with circulating cardiometabolic proteins. Methods: We used data from a population-based cohort of 4950 Swedish women (55–85 years), divided into discovery and replication samples; 276 proteins were assessed with three Olink Proseek Multiplex panels. We used random forest to identify the most relevant biomarker candidates related to fat mass index (FMI), multivariable linear regression to further investigate the associations between FMI characteristics and circulating proteins adjusted for potential confounders, and principal component analysis (PCA) for the detection of common covariance patterns among the proteins. Results: Total FMI was associated with 66 proteins following adjustment for multiple testing in discovery and replication multivariable analyses. Five proteins not previously associated with body size were associated with either lower FMI (calsyntenin-2 (CLSTN2), kallikrein-10 (KLK10)), or higher FMI (scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain-containing group B protein (SSC4D), trem-like transcript 2 protein (TLT-2), and interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha (IL-6RA)). PCA provided an efficient summary of the main variation in FMI-related circulating proteins involved in glucose and lipid metabolism, appetite regulation, adipocyte differentiation, immune response and inflammation. Similar patterns were observed for regional fat mass measures. Conclusions: This is the first large study showing associations between fat mass and circulating cardiometabolic proteins. Proteins not previously linked to body size are implicated in modulation of postsynaptic signals, inflammation, and carcinogenesis.
|
|
| 3. |
- Warensjö Lemming, Eva, et al.
(author)
-
Dietary Pattern Specific Protein Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Disease : A Cross-Sectional Study in 2 Independent Cohorts
- 2019
-
In: Journal of the American Heart Association. - : American Heart Association (AHA). - 2047-9980. ; 8:11
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Mechanisms related to the influence of diet on the development of cardiovascular disease are not entirely understood, and protein biomarkers may help to understand these pathways. Studies of biomarkers identified with multiplex proteomic methods and dietary patterns are largely lacking. Methods and Results: Dietary patterns were generated through principal component analysis in 2 population-based Swedish cohorts, the EpiHealth (EpiHealth study; n=20 817 men and women) and the SMCC (Swedish Mammography Cohort Clinical [n=4650 women]). A set of 184 protein cardiovascular disease biomarkers were measured with 2 high-throughput, multiplex immunoassays. Discovery and replication multivariable linear regression analyses were used to investigate the associations between the principal component analysis–generated dietary patterns and the cardiovascular disease–associated protein biomarkers, first in the EpiHealth (n=2240) and then in the Swedish Mammography Cohort Clinical. Four main dietary patterns were identified in the EpiHealth, and 3 patterns were identified in the Swedish Mammography Cohort Clinical. The healthy and the Western/traditional patterns were found in both cohorts. In the EpiHealth, 57 protein biomarkers were associated with 3 of the dietary patterns, and 41 of these associations were replicated in the Swedish Mammography Cohort Clinical, with effect estimates ranging from 0.057 to 0.083 (P-value range, 5.0×10−2–1.4×10−9) for each SD increase in the relative protein concentration. Independent associations were established between dietary patterns and the 21 protein biomarkers. Two proteins, myeloperoxidase and resistin, were associated with both the healthy and the light meal pattern but in opposite directions. Conclusions: We have discovered and replicated independent associations between dietary patterns and 21 biomarkers linked to cardiovascular disease, which have a role in the pathways related to inflammation, endothelial and immune function, cell adhesion, and metabolism.
|
|
| 4. |
- Byberg, Liisa, et al.
(author)
-
Cancer death is related to high palmitoleic acid in serum and to polymorphisms in the SCD-1 gene in healthy Swedish men
- 2014
-
In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 99:3, s. 551-558
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND:A high proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) or a high ratio of MUFAs to saturated fatty acids in plasma, reflecting a high activity of the lipogenic enzyme stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1), has been shown to be related to cancer death and incidence in some studies.OBJECTIVES:The objective was to study whether the serum cholesteryl ester proportion of palmitoleic acid [16:1n-7 (16:1ω-3)] and the ratio of palmitoleic to palmitic acid (16:1n-7/16:0), as an estimation of the activity of SCD-1, are related to cancer death and to investigate whether polymorphisms in the SCD-1 gene are related to cancer mortality.DESIGN:A community-based cohort of 50-y-old men was followed for a maximum of >40 y. Survival analysis was used to relate fatty acid composition in serum, analyzed at baseline by gas-liquid chromatography (n = 1981), and single nucleotide polymorphisms in the SCD-1 gene (n = 986) to cancer death. A 7-d dietary record was completed at age 70 y (n = 880).RESULTS:The proportions of 16:1n-7 and the ratio of 16:1n-7 to 16:0 were associated with cancer mortality during follow-up in a comparison of the highest with the lowest quartile of 16:1n-7 (adjusted HR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.82). Inherited variance of the SCD-1 gene seemed to be related to cancer death, especially among men with a low proportion of PUFA in the diet in a comparison of the highest with the lowest weighted genetic risk score (HR: 2.14; 95% CI: 1.13, 4.04).CONCLUSION:The findings are compatible with the hypothesis that there is an association between endogenously synthesized MUFAs and cancer death.
|
|
| 5. |
- Hallström, Helena, 1950-, et al.
(author)
-
Long-term coffee consumption in relation to fracture risk and bone mineral density in women
- 2013
-
In: American Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-9262 .- 1476-6256. ; 178:6, s. 898-909
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- High consumption of coffee has been suggested to reduce the risk of some late-onset diseases and death but also to contribute to the development of osteoporotic fractures. Results of previous fracture studies have been inconsistent, and a comprehensive study is needed. The longitudinal population-based Swedish Mammography Cohort, including 61,433 women born in 1914-1948, was followed up from 1987 through 2008. Coffeeconsumption was assessed with repeated food frequency questionnaires. During follow-up, 14,738 women experienced fracture of any type, and 3,871 had a hip fracture. In a subcohort (n = 5,022), bone density was measured and osteoporosis determined (n = 1,012). After multivariable adjustment, there was no evidence of a higher rate of any fracture (hazard ratio per 200 mL coffee = 0.99; 95% confidence interval: 0.98, 1.00) or hip fracture (hazard ratio per 200 mL coffee = 0.97, 95% confidence interval: 0.95, 1.00) with increasing coffeeconsumption. A high coffee intake (>= 4 cups daily) versus a low intake (<1 cup daily) was associated with a 2%-4% lower bone density, depending on site (P < 0.001), but the odds ratio for osteoporosis was only 1.28 (95% confidence interval: 0.88, 1.87). Thus, high coffeeconsumption was associated with a small reduction in bone density that did not translate into an increased risk of fracture.
|
|
| 6. |
- Michaëlsson, Karl, 1959-, et al.
(author)
-
Combined associations of body mass index and adherence to a Mediterranean-like diet with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality : A cohort study
- 2020
-
In: PLoS Medicine. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1549-1277 .- 1549-1676. ; 17:9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundIt is unclear whether the effect on mortality of a higher body mass index (BMI) can be compensated for by adherence to a healthy diet and whether the effect on mortality by a low adherence to a healthy diet can be compensated for by a normal weight. We aimed to evaluate the associations of BMI combined with adherence to a Mediterranean-like diet on all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.Methods and findingsOur longitudinal cohort design included the Swedish Mammography Cohort (SMC) and the Cohort of Swedish Men (COSM) (1997–2017), with a total of 79,003 women (44%) and men (56%) and a mean baseline age of 61 years. BMI was categorized into normal weight (20–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2), and obesity (30+ kg/m2). Adherence to a Mediterranean-like diet was assessed by means of the modified Mediterranean-like diet (mMED) score, ranging from 0 to 8; mMED was classified into 3 categories (0 to <4, 4 to <6, and 6–8 score points), forming a total of 9 BMI × mMED combinations. We identified mortality by use of national Swedish registers. Cox proportional hazard models with time-updated information on exposure and covariates were used to calculate the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of mortality with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Our HRs were adjusted for age, baseline educational level, marital status, leisure time physical exercise, walking/cycling, height, energy intake, smoking habits, baseline Charlson’s weighted comorbidity index, and baseline diabetes mellitus. During up to 21 years of follow-up, 30,389 (38%) participants died, corresponding to 22 deaths per 1,000 person-years. We found the lowest HR of all-cause mortality among overweight individuals with high mMED (HR 0.94; 95% CI 0.90, 0.98) compared with those with normal weight and high mMED. Using the same reference, obese individuals with high mMED did not experience significantly higher all-cause mortality (HR 1.03; 95% CI 0.96–1.11). In contrast, compared with those with normal weight and high mMED, individuals with a low mMED had a high mortality despite a normal BMI (HR 1.60; 95% CI 1.48–1.74). We found similar estimates among women and men. For CVD mortality (12,064 deaths) the findings were broadly similar, though obese individuals with high mMED retained a modestly increased risk of CVD death (HR 1.29; 95% CI 1.16–1.44) compared with those with normal weight and high mMED. A main limitation of the present study is the observational design with self-reported lifestyle information with risk of residual or unmeasured confounding (e.g., genetic liability), and no causal inferences can be made based on this study alone.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that diet quality modifies the association between BMI and all-cause mortality in women and men. A healthy diet may, however, not completely counter higher CVD mortality related to obesity.
|
|
| 7. |
- Michaëlsson, Karl, et al.
(author)
-
Long term calcium intake and rates of all cause and cardiovascular mortality : community based prospective longitudinal cohort study
- 2013
-
In: The BMJ. - : BMJ. - 1756-1833. ; 346
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE:To investigate the association between long term intake of dietary and supplemental calcium and death from all causes and cardiovascular disease.DESIGN:Prospective longitudinal cohort study.SETTING:Swedish mammography cohort, a population based cohort established in 1987-90.PARTICIPANTS:61 433 women (born between 1914 and 1948) followed-up for a median of 19 years.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Primary outcome measures, identified from registry data, were time to death from all causes (n=11 944) and cause specific cardiovascular disease (n=3862), ischaemic heart disease (n=1932), and stroke (n=1100). Diet was assessed by food frequency questionnaires at baseline and in 1997 for 38 984 women, and intakes of calcium were estimated. Total calcium intake was the sum of dietary and supplemental calcium.RESULTS:The risk patterns with dietary calcium intake were non-linear, with higher rates concentrated around the highest intakes (≥1400 mg/day). Compared with intakes between 600 and 1000 mg/day, intakes above 1400 mg/day were associated with higher death rates from all causes (hazard ratio 1.40, 95% confidence interval 1.17 to 1.67), cardiovascular disease (1 49, 1.09 to 2.02), and ischaemic heart disease (2.14, 1.48 to 3.09) but not from stroke (0.73, 0.33 to 1.65). After sensitivity analysis including marginal structural models, the higher death rate with low dietary calcium intake (<600 mg/day) or with low and high total calcium intake was no longer apparent. Use of calcium tablets (6% users; 500 mg calcium per tablet) was not on average associated with all cause or cause specific mortality but among calcium tablet users with a dietary calcium intake above 1400 mg/day the hazard ratio for all cause mortality was 2.57 (95% confidence interval 1.19 to 5.55).CONCLUSION:High intakes of calcium in women are associated with higher death rates from all causes and cardiovascular disease but not from stroke.
|
|
| 8. |
- Michaëlsson, Karl, et al.
(author)
-
Milk intake and risk of mortality and fractures in women and men : cohort studies
- 2014
-
In: British Medical Journal. - : BMJ. - 1756-1833. ; 349, s. g6015-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To examine whether high milk consumption is associated with mortality and fractures in women and men.DESIGN: Cohort studies.SETTING: Three counties in central Sweden.PARTICIPANTS: Two large Swedish cohorts, one with 61 433 women (39-74 years at baseline 1987-90) and one with 45 339 men (45-79 years at baseline 1997), were administered food frequency questionnaires. The women responded to a second food frequency questionnaire in 1997.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Multivariable survival models were applied to determine the association between milk consumption and time to mortality or fracture.RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 20.1 years, 15 541 women died and 17 252 had a fracture, of whom 4259 had a hip fracture. In the male cohort with a mean follow-up of 11.2 years, 10 112 men died and 5066 had a fracture, with 1166 hip fracture cases. In women the adjusted mortality hazard ratio for three or more glasses of milk a day compared with less than one glass a day was 1.93 (95% confidence interval 1.80 to 2.06). For every glass of milk, the adjusted hazard ratio of all cause mortality was 1.15 (1.13 to 1.17) in women and 1.03 (1.01 to 1.04) in men. For every glass of milk in women no reduction was observed in fracture risk with higher milk consumption for any fracture (1.02, 1.00 to 1.04) or for hip fracture (1.09, 1.05 to 1.13). The corresponding adjusted hazard ratios in men were 1.01 (0.99 to 1.03) and 1.03 (0.99 to 1.07). In subsamples of two additional cohorts, one in males and one in females, a positive association was seen between milk intake and both urine 8-iso-PGF2α (a biomarker of oxidative stress) and serum interleukin 6 (a main inflammatory biomarker).CONCLUSIONS: High milk intake was associated with higher mortality in one cohort of women and in another cohort of men, and with higher fracture incidence in women. Given the observational study designs with the inherent possibility of residual confounding and reverse causation phenomena, a cautious interpretation of the results is recommended.
|
|
| 9. |
- Snellman, Greta, 1978-, et al.
(author)
-
Long-term dietary vitamin D intake and risk of fracture and osteoporosis : a longitudinal cohort study of Swedish middle-aged and elderly women
- 2012
-
In: Bone. - : Elsevier BV. - 8756-3282 .- 1873-2763. ; 50:Suppl 1, s. S65-S65
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Context: Vitamin D deficiency may lead to osteoporosis and fracture but the importance of dietary vitamin D intake for skeletal health in adults is uncertain.Objective: To investigate associations between long-term dietary intake of vitamin D with risk of fractures and osteoporosis.Design: A prospective longitudinal cohort study.Setting: The population-based Swedish Mammography Cohort and the subcohort SMC Clinical.Participants: 61,433 women (age range 38 to 76 years) were followed for 19 years. Of these, 5,022 participated in the subcohort. Diet was assessed by repeated food frequency questionnaires. Main outcome measures: Incident fractures of any type and hip fractures, which were identified from registry data. Secondary outcome was osteoporosis diagnosed by dual energy x ray absorptiometry in the subcohort.Results: 14,738 women experienced any type of first fracture during follow-up, with 3,871 of these being hip fractures. Twenty percent of the women in the subcohort were classified as osteoporotic. A multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for any first fracture was 0.96 (95% CI 0.92-1.01) for the lowest and 1.02 (95% CI 0.96-1.07) for the highest quintile when compared with the third quintile of vitamin D intake. The corresponding HR for a first hip fracture was 1.02 (95% CI, 0.96-1.08) for the lowest and 1.14 (95% CI, 1.03-1.26) for the highest quintile. The odds ratio of osteoporosis by quintiles of vitamin D intake was 1.20 (95% CI, 0.85-1.71) for the lowest and 0.99 (95% CI, 0.78-1.25) for the highest quintile. Bone mineral density, however, were 2% higher at the lumbar spine and 0.3% higher at the total hip in women with highest vs. women with lowest intake of vitamin D (p<0.0001). Conclusions: Dietary intake of vitamin D seems to be of minor importance for the occurrence of fractures and osteoporosis in community-dwelling Swedish middle-aged and elderly women.
|
|
| 10. |
- Theorell-Haglöw, Jenny, et al.
(author)
-
Sleep duration is associated with healthy diet scores and meal patterns : Results from the population-based EpiHealth study
- 2020
-
In: Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. - 1550-9389. ; 16:1, s. 9-18
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Study Objectives: To investigate relationships between sleep duration and adherence to healthy diets, but also associations with meal patterns, in a large population-based cohort. Methods: Participants (n = 23,829, males and females, aged 45 to 75 years) from the Swedish EpiHealth cohort study were included in a cross-sectional analysis. The participants filled out an extensive Internet-based questionnaire, and also visited a test center for anthropometric measurements and blood sampling. Sleep duration was classified as short (< 6 h/night; n = 1,862), normal (6 to less fewer than 9 h/night; n = 19,907) and long sleep (≥ 9 h/night; n = 858). In addition, a combination variable of sleep duration (short/normal/long) and sleep quality (good/poor) was constructed, giving six categories. Adherence to a healthy diet was assessed using the modified Mediterranean diet (mMED) score and the Healthy Nordic Food Index (HNFI) score based on food groups from a food frequency questionnaire. A regular meal pattern was considered if the participant had breakfast, lunch and dinner on a daily basis. Results: Compared with normal sleepers, short sleepers displayed lower adherence to a healthy diet when using both the mMED score (adjusted odds ratio = 0.70; 95% confidence interval 0.56-0.88) and the HNFI score (0.70; 0.56-0.88). When combining sleep duration and sleep quality, short sleepers with poor sleep quality showed an independent relationship with low adherence to a healthy diet (0.67; 0.52-0.86) compared with normal sleepers with good sleep quality. In addition, both short sleepers (0.71; 0.62-0.82) and long sleepers (0.75; 0.62-0.91) showed low adherence to regular meal patterns, compared with normal sleepers. Furthermore, short sleepers with poor sleep quality had reduced odds of having a regular meal pattern (0.67; 0.57-0.79) as compared with normal sleepers with good sleep quality. Conclusions: Short sleep duration combined with poor sleep quality is associated with low adherence to a healthy diet and regular meal patterns.
|
|
