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- Gerlagh, Reyer, et al.
(författare)
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Fiscal Policy and CO2 Emissions of New Passenger Cars in the EU
- 2018
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Ingår i: Environmental and Resource Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0924-6460 .- 1573-1502. ; 69:1, s. 103-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To what extent have national fiscal policies contributed to the decarbonisation of newly sold passenger cars? We construct a simple model that generates predictions regarding the effect of fiscal policies on average CO2 emissions of new cars, and then test the model empirically. Our empirical strategy combines a diverse series of data. First, we use a large database of vehicle-specific taxes in 15 EU countries over 2001–2010 to construct a measure for the vehicle registration and annual road tax levels, and separately, for the CO2-sensitivity of these taxes. We find that for many countries the fiscal policies have become more sensitive to CO2 emissions of new cars. We then use these constructed measures to estimate the effect of fiscal policies on the CO2 emissions of the new car fleet. The increased CO2-sensitivity of registration taxes have reduced the CO2 emission intensity of the average new car by 1.3 %, partly through an induced increase of the share of diesel-fuelled cars by 6.5 percentage points. Higher fuel taxes lead to the purchase of more fuel efficient cars, but higher diesel fuel taxes also decrease the share of (more fuel efficient) diesel cars; higher annual road taxes have no or an adverse effect.
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| 2. |
- Tijm, Joep, et al.
(författare)
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How large are the non-travel time effects of urban highway tunneling? : Evidence from Maastricht, the Netherlands
- 2019
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part A. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0965-8564 .- 1879-2375. ; 130, s. 570-592
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Infrastructure projects increasing aim at to improve the quality of life and public space, in particular in urban areas. We analyse a Dutch case in which an existing highway in an urban area was moved underground in order to improve intercity traffic flows and to reduce the negative effects associated with an open urban highway. Travel times within the city hardly changed, which allows for a relatively clean identification of the other benefits via a hedonic pricing model. We find that the non-travel time benefits of such integrated infrastructure are substantial relative to the construction costs. A halving of distance to the tunneled segment is associated with a 3.4% appreciation in house prices since the start of the project. Taken together, the non-travel time effects add up to a quarter the construction costs.
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