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- Fauré, Eléonore, et al.
(författare)
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Methods for assessing future scenarios from a sustainability perspective
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Futures Research. - : SPRINGER HEIDELBERG. - 2195-4194 .- 2195-2248. ; 5:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Future scenarios are often used to address long-term challenges characterised by uncertainty and complexity, as they can help explore different alternative future pathways. Scenarios can therefore be a useful tool to support policy and guide action towards sustainability. But what sustainability aspects are put forward in scenarios and how are they assessed? This paper aims to explore how to assess future scenarios, categorised according to Borjeson et al. (Futures 38: 723-739, 2006) i.e. predictive, explorative and normative scenarios. By conducting a literature review and a document analysis, we map tools and methods that are currently used to assess environmental and social sustainability aspects in scenarios. We also draw on experiences from methods for impact assessments of Swedish municipal comprehensive plans, which can be considered as future scenarios. We identify whether some sustainability aspects are less recurrent than others in the reviewed assessments or even left out. We find that there is no single tool that can be used to assess scenarios. Some quantitative tools based on databases may be more suitable for assessing scenarios within a shorter time horizon, whereas qualitative assessment methods might better fit the purpose of long-term transformative scenarios. We also find that assessment frameworks may be useful to guide the assessment, as to what its intended purpose is and which sustainability aspects to include. Finally we discuss whether further assessment tools are needed in order to include a wider array of potential environmental or social consequences of the content of scenarios.
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| 2. |
- Berglund, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Relining eller rörbyte - en jämförelse med LCA
- 2018
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Denna jämförande livscykelbedömning belyser tre huvudalternativ för renovering av avloppsrör; rörbyte, relining med rörfoder (strumpmetoden, CIPP-lining) som även kallas sliplining och renovering icke-bärande plastbeläggningar. Den funktionella enheten i denna studie är ett sex våningar högt punkthus som byggdes 1960 och som har 29 lägenheter. De redovisade resultaten av miljöpåverkan visar att strumpmetoden har fördelar framför rörbyte i 14 av de 18 undersökta kategorierna. När det gäller de kategorier där påverkningarna var förhållandevis stora, jämfört med en genomsnittliga europeisk medborgares årliga miljöbelastning, enligt ReCiPe-metoden, så har renoveringmetoden rörbyte större påverkan än strumpmetoden. Påverkningarna av rörbyte är främst relaterade till nya klinkerplattor, EPS-cement, avjämningsmassor och materialet för tätskikt, och även den el som behövs för att torka byggnaden. Strumpmetoden visar högre påverkan än rörbyte i fyra kategorier. Dessa påverkningar orsakas till stor del av användningen av förbrukningsmaterial som handskar och bomullstrasor. Ur ett LCA-perspektiv visar studien att strumpmetoden och icke-bärande beläggningsreningsmetoder har fördelar framför rörbyte under förutsättning att den tekniska livslängden är densamma. Osäkerheten om livslängden och även frågan om utsläpp av Bisphenol A (BPA) är aspekter som behöver fortsatta studier. Det finns också andra faktorer som till sist påverkar vilken metod för stamrenovering som en fastighetsägare väljer; kostnader, besvär för de boende, behov av renovering av badrum till sist hur fastighetsägaren själv värderar de olika alternativen.
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| 5. |
- Miliutenko, Sofiia, 1984-
(författare)
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Consideration of life cycle energy use and greenhouse gas emissions for improved road infrastructure planning
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Global warming is one of the biggest challenges of our society. The road transport sector is responsible for a big share of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, which are considered to be the dominant cause of global warming. Although most of those emissions are associated with traffic operation, road infrastructure should not be ignored, as it involves high consumption of energy and materials during a long lifetime.The aim of my research was to contribute to improved road infrastructure planning by developing methods and models to include a life cycle perspective. In order to reach the aim, GHG emissions and energy use at different life cycle stages of road infrastructure were assessed in three case studies using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). These case studies were also used for development of methodology for LCA of road infrastructure. I have also investigated the coupling of LCA with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and the possibility to integrate LCA into Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA).The results of the first case study indicated that operation of the tunnel (mainly, lighting and ventilation) has the largest contribution in terms of energy use and GHG emissions throughout its life cycle. The second case study identified the main hotspots and compared two methods for asphalt recycling and asphalt reuse. The results of the third case study indicated that due to the dominant contribution of traffic to the total impact of the road transport system, the difference in road length plays a major role in choice of road alternatives during early planning of road infrastructure. However, infrastructure should not be neglected, especially in the case of similar lengths of road alternatives, for roads with low volumes of traffic or when they include bridges or tunnels.This thesis contributed in terms of foreground and background data collection for further LCA studies of road infrastructure. Preliminary Bill of Quantities (BOQ) was identified and used as a source for site-specific data collection. A new approach was developed and tested for using geological data in a GIS environment as a data source on earthworks for LCA. Moreover, this thesis demonstrated three possible ways for integrating LCA in early stages of road infrastructure planning.
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| 6. |
- Miliutenko, Sofiia, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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CONSIDERATION OF LIFE CYCLE ENERGY USE AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING PROCESSES: EXAMPLES OF SWEDEN, NORWAY, DENMARK AND THE NETHERLANDS
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management. - 1464-3332 .- 1757-5605. ; 16:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with life cycle stages of roadinfrastructure are currently rarely assessed during road infrastructure planning. This studyexamines the road infrastructure planning process, with emphasis on its use of EnvironmentalAssessments (EA), and identifies when and how Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) canbe integrated in the early planning stages for supporting decisions such as choice of roadcorridor. Road infrastructure planning processes are compared for four European countries(Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and the Netherlands).The results show that only Norway has a formalised way of using LCA during choiceof road corridor. Only the Netherlands has a requirement for using LCA in the laterprocurement stage. It is concluded that during the early stages of planning, LCA could beintegrated as part of an EA, as a separate process or as part of a Cost-Benefit Analysis.
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| 7. |
- Miliutenko, Sofiia, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions during the Life Cycle Stages of a Road Tunnel : the Swedish Case Norra Länken
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research. - : Delft University of Technology. - 1567-7133 .- 1567-7141. ; 12:1, s. 39-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inclusion of Life Cycle Assessment during the planning of transport infrastructure is rarely used in practice, but is becoming a widely discussed issue nowadays. This study sought to improve understanding of the life cycle energy use and greenhouse gas emissions of transport infrastructure, using the example of a road tunnel. Two levels of analysis were used: 1) detailed data inventory for the construction of rock tunnels; and 2) screening assessment for the life cycle phases of the whole tunnel infrastructure (including its main parts: concrete and rock tunnels). The first level of analysis showed that production of materials (i.e. concrete and asphalt) made the largest contribution to Cumulative Energy Demand and Global Warming Potential. The second level of analysis indicated that concrete tunnels had much higher Cumulative Energy Demand and Global Warming Potential per lane-metre than rock tunnels. Moreover, the operational phase of the tunnel was found to have the highest share of energy use and greenhouse gas emissions throughout the tunnel’s life cycle.
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| 8. |
- Miliutenko, Sofiia, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Life cycle impacts during early stages of road infrastructure planning : a case study in Sweden
- 2014
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Ingår i: Transport Research Arena (TRA) 2014 Proceedings.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Road infrastructure has effects on the environment throughout all of its life cycle phases: construction,maintenance, operation and end-of-life. It has been observed, however, that these life cycle impacts are notusually considered during early stages of road infrastructure planning (i.e. decisions on road corridor).The recently developed LICCER tool enables assessment of road corridor alternatives during early stages of roadinfrastructure planning. It includes input data for roads, bridges and tunnels. It also considers future emissionsfrom traffic. The life cycle impact categories covered are energy use and contribution to climate change.The developed tool is being tested in a case study. Construction of a specific road in Sweden was used todemonstrate how the model is able to show differences between road corridor alternatives. Sensitivity analysiswas applied to show the robustness of its results.
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| 9. |
- Miliutenko, Sofiia, 1984-
(författare)
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Life Cycle Impacts of Road Infrastructure : Assessment of energy use and greenhouse gas emissions
- 2012
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Road infrastructure is essential in the development of human society, but has both negative and positive impacts. Large amounts of money and natural resources are spent each year on its construction, operation and maintenance. Obviously, there is potentially significantenvironmental impact associated with these activities. Thus the need for integration of life cycle environmental impacts of road infrastructure into transport planning is currently being widely recognised on international and national level. However certain issues, such as energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the construction, maintenance and operation of road infrastructure, are rarely considered during the current transport planning process in Sweden and most other countries.This thesis examined energy use and GHG emissions for the whole life cycle (construction, operation, maintenance and end-of-life) of road infrastructure, with the aim of improving transport planning on both strategic and project level. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was applied to two selected case studies: LCA of a road tunnel and LCA of three methods for asphalt recycling and reuse: hot in-plant, hot in-place and reuse as unbound material. The impact categories selected for analysis were Cumulative Energy Demand (CED) and Global Warming Potential (GWP). Other methods used in the research included interviews and a literature review.The results of the first case study indicated that the operational phase of the tunnel contributed the highest share of CED and GWP throughout the tunnel’s life cycle. Construction of concrete tunnels had much higher CED and GWP per lane-metre than construction of rocktunnels. The results of the second case study showed that hot in-place recycling of asphalt gave slightly more net savings of GWP and CED than hot in-plant recycling. Asphalt reuse was less environmentally beneficial than either of these alternatives, resulting in no net savings of GWP and minor net savings of CED. Main sources of data uncertainty identified in the two case-studies included prediction of future electricity mix and inventory data for asphalt concrete.This thesis contributes to methodological development which will be useful to future infrastructure LCAs in terms of inventory data collection. It presents estimated amounts of energy use and GHG emissions associated with road infrastructure, on the example of roadtunnel and asphalt recycling. Operation of road infrastructure and production of construction materials are identified as the main priorities for decreasing GHG emissions and energy use during the life cycle of road infrastructure. It was concluded that the potential exists for significant decreases in GHG emissions and energy use associated with the road transport system if the entire life cycle of road infrastructure is taken into consideration from the very start of the policy-making process.
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