| 1. |
- Bergström, Lena, et al.
(författare)
-
Klimatförändringar och biologisk mångfald : Slutsatser från IPCC och IPBES i ett svenskt perspektiv.
- 2020
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- De stora miljö- och samhällsproblemen kommer inte ensamma. De är sammankopplade på olika sätt. Detta innebär utmaningar men ger också möjligheter att utveckla åtgärder och lösningar. Det gäller både för klimatfrågan och frågan om att motverka förlusten av biologisk mångfald och ekosystem. Kunskapens betydelse för att hantera dessa och andra aspekter är ovärderlig, såväl kring specifika frågeställningar som kring omständigheter och förutsättningar för åtgärdsarbetet.Den här kunskapssammanställningen har gjorts av forskare från Lunds universitet och Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet på uppdrag av Naturvårdsverket och SMHI. Forskarna har tagit avstamp i de omfattande kunskapsutvärderingar som gjorts av den mellanstatliga klimatpanelen (IPCC) och den mellanstatliga plattformen för biologisk mångfald (IPBES). Slutsatserna från IPCC och IPBES sätts i ett svenskt perspektiv, bland annat genom utvalda exempel vilka fungerar som aktuella illustrationer av hur klimatförändringar påverkar biologisk mångfald och ekosystem i Sverige.
|
|
| 2. |
- Chiswick, Barry R., et al.
(författare)
-
Educational Mismatch : Are High-Skilled Immigrants Really Working at High-Skilled Jobs and the Price They Pay if They Aren’t?
- 2010
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper examines the incidence of the mismatch of the educational attainment and the occupation of employment, and the impact of this mismatch on the earnings, of high-skilled adult male immigrants in the US labor market. Analyses for high-skilled adult male native-born workers are also presented for comparison purposes. The results show that over-education is widespread in the high-skilled US labor market, both forimmigrants and the native born. The extent of over-education declines with duration in the US as high-skilled immigrants obtain jobs commensurate with their educational level. Years of schooling that are above that which is usual for a worker’s occupation are associated with very low increases in earnings. Indeed, in the first 10 to 20 years in the US years of over-education among high-skilled workers have a negative effect on earnings. This ineffective use of surplus education appears across all occupations and high-skilled education levels. Although schooling serves as a pathway to occupational attainment, earnings appear to be more closely linked to a worker’s occupation than to the individual’s level of schooling.
|
|
| 3. |
- Chiswick, Barry R., et al.
(författare)
-
Matching Language Proficiency to Occupation : The Effect on Immigrants' Earnings
- 2011
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper analyzes the effect on earnings of the matching of English language skills to occupational requirements or occupational norms for adult male immigrants. It uses data from the Occupational Information Network (O*NET) database and a “Realized Matches” procedure to quantify expected levels of English skills in each of over 500 occupations in the US Census. Earnings data from the 2000 US Census for foreign-born adult male workers are then examined in relation to these occupational English requirements or norms using the Over/Required/Under (or ORU) technique developed for the study of schooling. The analyses show that earnings are related to a “correct” matching of an individual’s language skills with what is expected in his occupation. Mismatches have a small effect on earnings – positive for extra proficiency and negative for deficits in proficiency, relative to the norm in the occupation. The findings are robust with respect to a range of measurement and specification issues.
|
|
| 4. |
- Chiswick, Barry R., et al.
(författare)
-
The "Negative" Assimilation of Immigrants : A Special Case
- 2010
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Research on the economic or labor market assimilation of immigrants has to date focused on the degree of improvement in their economic status with duration in the destination. The theoretical underpinning for this finding is the international transferability of skills. This paper addresses whether positive assimilation will be found if skills are very highly transferable internationally. It outlines the conditions for “negative” assimilation in the context of the traditional immigration assimilation model, and examines the empirical relevance of the hypothesis using data on immigrants from the English-speaking developed countries (i.e., the UK, Ireland, Canada and Australia/New Zealand) to the United States. Comparisons with the native born are also presented to test whether the findings are sensitive to immigrant cohort quality effects. Even after controlling for cohort effects, “negative” assimilation (a decline in earnings with duration) is found for immigrants in the US from the English-speaking developed countries. Negative assimilation is also found for immigrants from the English-speaking developed countries in Australia and from Nordic countries in Sweden.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
