| 1. |
- Franzén, Stig, 1943, et al.
(författare)
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Telefot: First achievements and results from fots on aftermarket and nomadic devices in vehicles C3 - 18th World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems and ITS America Annual Meeting 2011
- 2011
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Ingår i: 18th World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems and ITS America Annual Meeting 2011; New York, NY; United States; 16 October 2011 through 20 October 2011. ; 2, s. 1263-1275
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses the status and first results achieved in TeleFOT (Field Operational Tests of Aftermarket and nomadic Devices in vehicles), a Large Scale European research project within the 7th Framework Programme. The project aims at assessing the impacts of driver support functions on the driving task via Field Operational Tests (FOT), involving large fleets of test drivers in real-life driving conditions across Europe. Up to 3000 drivers are involved in the tests, which are organized in three test communities in Northern (Finland, Sweden), Central (Germany, UK, France) and Southern (Greece, Italy, Spain) Europe. The TeleFOT FOTs are planned in two phases: first, long term testing will involve a large number of vehicles testing drivers using mature functions provided to the driver on an aftermarket or nomadic device platform and in real-life driving conditions. In the second phase, detailed testing to support the interpretation of the results from the large scale tests will be carried out with a limited number of subjects driving instrumented cars. The TeleFOT's scientific and technological objectives include studying different levels of impacts on drivers and society, including usability and user acceptance, safety, efficiency, mobility and socio-economic impacts on the transport system. The paper presents the impact areas studied in TeleFOT as well as a description of the Field Operational Tests carried out in TeleFOT, and it concludes with the main achievements, results and lessons learned so far in the project mainly leaning on some first results from the pilot test phase.
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| 2. |
- Mononen, Mika E, et al.
(författare)
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A Novel Method to Simulate the Progression of Collagen Degeneration of Cartilage in the Knee: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a novel algorithm combined with computational modeling to simulate the development of knee osteoarthritis. The degeneration algorithm was based on excessive and cumulatively accumulated stresses within knee joint cartilage during physiological gait loading. In the algorithm, the collagen network stiffness of cartilage was reduced iteratively if excessive maximum principal stresses were observed. The developed algorithm was tested and validated against experimental baseline and 4-year follow-up Kellgren-Lawrence grades, indicating different levels of cartilage degeneration at the tibiofemoral contact region. Test groups consisted of normal weight and obese subjects with the same gender and similar age and height without osteoarthritic changes. The algorithm accurately simulated cartilage degeneration as compared to the Kellgren-Lawrence findings in the subject group with excess weight, while the healthy subject group's joint remained intact. Furthermore, the developed algorithm followed the experimentally found trend of cartilage degeneration in the obese group (R(2) = 0.95, p < 0.05; experiments vs. model), in which the rapid degeneration immediately after initiation of osteoarthritis (0-2 years, p < 0.001) was followed by a slow or negligible degeneration (2-4 years, p > 0.05). The proposed algorithm revealed a great potential to objectively simulate the progression of knee osteoarthritis.
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| 3. |
- Mononen, Mika E., et al.
(författare)
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New algorithm for simulation of proteoglycan loss and collagen degeneration in the knee joint : Data from the osteoarthritis initiative
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Orthopaedic Research. - : Wiley. - 0736-0266. ; 36:6, s. 1673-1683
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Osteoarthritis is a harmful joint disease but prediction of disease progression is problematic. Currently, there is only one modeling framework which can be applied to predict the progression of knee osteoarthritis but it only considers degenerative changes in the collagen fibril network. Here, we have developed the framework further by considering all of the major tissue changes (proteoglycan content, fluid flow, and collagen fibril network) occurring in osteoarthritis. While excessive levels of tissue stresses controlled degeneration of the collagen fibril network, excessive levels of tissue strains controlled the decrease in proteoglycan content and the increase in permeability. We created four knee joint models with increasing degrees of complexity based on the depth-wise composition. Models were tested for normal and abnormal, physiologically relevant, loading conditions in the knee. Finally, the predicted depth-wise compositional changes from each model were compared against experimentally observed compositional changes in vitro. The model incorporating the typical depth-wise composition of cartilage produced the best match with experimental observations. Consistent with earlier in vitro experiments, this model simulated the greatest proteoglycan depletion in the superficial and middle zones, while the collagen fibril degeneration was located mostly in the superficial zone. The presented algorithm can be used for predicting simultaneous collagen degeneration and proteoglycan loss during the development of knee osteoarthritis.
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| 4. |
- Mononen, P., et al.
(författare)
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TeleFOT, field operational tests of aftermarket nomadic devices in vehicles, early results
- 2010
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Ingår i: 17th World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems, ITS 2010, Busan, South Korea, 25-29 October 2010.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the European Large Scale Collaborative Project TeleFOT, describing its status and its first results. The paper is structured into two main sections: The first paragraph briefly introduces the justification and core elements of TeleFOT, showing the scope and primary objectives of the project. Significant research and development in Europe in recent years have been focusing on Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), since they are contributing to a change in mobility. The number of devices supporting transportation is increasing. In particular, the market penetration of aftermarket nomadic devices as personal navigation devices (PND) or smart phones is growing exponentially according to the market trends, but no scientific evidence of impacts directly related to the use of aftermarket and nomadic devices in vehicle exist yet. Therefore there is a need to test via Field Operational Tests (FOT) the impacts of driver support functions on the driving task, including future interactive traffic services that will become part of driving environment systems. The second paragraph of this paper illustrates the Field Operational Tests to be conducted in TeleFOT and progress reached so far in the project. These include (but are not limited to) large scale test sites in 8 member states, FOT framework creation, benchmarking, piloting and data analysis planning.
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