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- Lentjes, Marleen, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Winter and summer meal patterns from the south (56˚N) to the north (69˚N) of Sweden : dietary habits or a role for chrono-nutrition?
- 2021
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Research in seasonal dietary variation has mainly focused on differences in types and quantities of foods consumed; however, with recent interest in the role of chrono-nutrition and health, we studied seasonal variation in meal frequency, time and size, in Sweden where daylight varies from south to north from 17-24 h in summer to 7-0 h in winter.Methods: In the national dietary survey in Sweden, Riksmaten adults 2010-11, a representative section of the population between ages 18-80 years was sampled. Participants completed an online self-administered food diary on four consecutive days, with mealtimes recorded in 15-minute slots. We calculated hourly and daily energy intake (DEI) and the frequency of small and large eating and drinking occasions (EDO; small: time slot >210 kJ and <15%DEI; large: >=15%DEI). We divided the acceptable energy reporters (men/women) into three regions, from South to North: Götaland (N=308/404), Svealand (N=257/355) and Norrland (N=76/114). Mixed linear models were used to account for correlations between days and adjust seasonal and regional associations for: age (categorical), day of the week (week vs weekend), education and DEI.Results: Mean DEI and EDO frequency were not significantly different between seasons, regions or their interaction; however, in weekend vs week days, DEI was significantly higher (P<0.001) by ~0.5 MJ/d, whereas EDO frequency -driven by small EDO- was significantly lower (P<0.001) by ~0.3, thereby increasing meal energy density. Up to age 55 years, time of first EDO was ~75-90 min later at the weekend; however, 15 min by 65 years. Time of first EDO was not associated with region or season; however, in women (P=0.021), time of last large EDO was earlier in Norrland, except in summer time when meals were ~60 min later, exceeding other regions. These differences were driven by weekend days.Discussion: Habitual patterns overrule seasonal and regional variation, potentially helping with daylight adaptation; however, week and weekend days were associated with different meal patterns, delaying breakfast by 1 hour and consuming higher energy dense meals. Short-term dietary assessment instruments require balanced week days to study the potential role of meal pattern irregularity for health consequences.
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- Lindner, Helen, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Risk of depression following traumatic limb amputation : a general population-based cohort study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Book of Abstracts. - Ljubjana, Slovenia : ISPO Slovena. - 9789612887346 ; , s. 9-9
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Traumatic limb amputation (TLA) is a sudden event that accompanies life changes in physical functioning, body image and challenges in daily lives. Amputees may experience significant levels of distress and be at risk of depression may be at risk of depression. However, evidence for depression risk after TLA has been limited because of the use of cross-sectional study design of a small or selected sample and the lack of a comparison with non-amputees. Confounding from pre-amputated occupational and individual characteristics was possible but no study has controlled for these. AIMS: We aimed to examine whether amputation may be associated with an increased risk of depression required inpatient and outpatient hospital treatment. METHODS: Our study population was drawn from a cohort of men (n=284,257) who underwent a compulsory conscription assessment for between 1969 and 1976. Complete data were available for 189,220 men. We followed these men from 1st January 1985, when these men were between age 29 and 34 years until the date of depression. We used the ICD codes in Swedish patient register to identify TLA (primary and secondary diagnosis) and depression after TLA (primary diagnosis). Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals [CI] for the association of amputation with depression. Age was used as the underlying time scale, and the diagnosis of amputation was included as a time-dependent exposure status, with the value zero before amputation and one after the date of amputation. Birth year, region, occupation, cognitive and physical function and stress resilience in adolescence were considered as potential confounding factors and adjusted for in the analysis. RESULTS: In total 401 men experienced amputation between 1985 and 2009, with the mean age of amputation was age 42.5 years (SD 7.4). Those who experience amputation were more likely to have low stress resilience and cognitive function in adolescence and engaged in farming and manual work in 1985. Cox regression produced unadjusted hazard ratio 2.61 (CI 1.62-4.21, p<0.001), i.e. 2.61 times risk of subsequent depression diagnosis for risk of subsequent depression compared with amputation-free individuals. Moderate and low cognitive function, physical fitness and stress resilience were associated with elevated risk of depression. Working for farms and manual work was also associated with higher depression risk. When the analysis was adjusted for these factors, the risk of depression after amputation changed little, 2.53 (CI 1.57-4.08, p <0.001) times risk of depression remained compared with amputation-free individuals.CONCLUSIONS: As we hypothesized, TLA was associated with an increased risk of depression over more than two decades of follow-up of men from age 29 to 57 years. Higher levels of depressive symptoms were noted among working age amputees and our study group also comprised of working age amputees. Future research may benefit from investigating potential influence of different amputation sites, degree, and prosthesis use involved in order to set intervention target.
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- Montgomery, Scott, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Sex of older siblings and cognitive function
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background : Number of older siblings is associated with lower cognitive function, possibly as marker of material disadvantage. Sex differences may signal an influence of inter-sibling interactions.Methods: The study used a national Swedish register-based cohort of men (n=644,603), born between 1970 and 1992 who undertook military conscription assessments in adolescence that included cognitive function measured on a normally-distributed scale of 1-9. Associations with siblings were investigated using linear regression.Results: After adjustment for numbers of younger siblings, year of conscription assessment, age/year of birth, sex, European socioeconomic classification for parents and maternal age at delivery; the regression coefficients (and 95% confidence intervals) for cognitive function are -0.26 (-0.27, -0.25), -0.42 (-0.44, -0.40), and -0.72 (-0.76, -0.67) for one, two and three or more male older siblings, respectively, compared with none; and -0.22 (-0.23, -0.21), -0.39 (-.41, -0.37), -0.62 (-0.67, -0.58) for one two and three or more female older siblings, respectively, compared with none. A larger number of younger siblings is not associated with lower cognitive function in the adjusted model.Conclusions: Family size is associated with cognitive function: older male siblings may have greater implications than females due to their demands on familial resources or through inter-sibling interactions.
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