| 1. |
- Kattge, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access
- 2020
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26:1, s. 119-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
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| 2. |
- Aiuppa, Sandro, et al.
(författare)
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Tracking formation of a lava lake from ground and space: Masaya volcano (Nicaragua), 2015-2017
- 2018
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Ingår i: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. - 1525-2027. ; 19:2, s. 496-515
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A vigorously degassing lava lake appeared inside the Santiago pit crater of Masaya volcano (Nicaragua) in December 2015, after years of degassing with no (or minor) incandescence. Here, we present an unprecedented-long (3 years) and continuous volcanic gas record that instrumentally characterizes the (re)activation of the lava-lake. Our results show that, before appearance of the lake, the volcanic gas plume composition became unusually CO2-rich, as testified by high CO2/SO2 ratios (mean, 12.2±6.3) and low H2O/CO2 ratios (mean, 2.3±1.3). The volcanic CO2 flux also peaked in November 2015 (mean, 81.3±40.6 kg/s; maximum, 247 kg/s). Using results of magma degassing models and budgets, we interpret this elevated CO2 degassing as sourced by degassing of a volatile-rich fast-convecting (3.6-5.2 m3·s-1) magma, supplying CO2-rich gas bubbles from minimum equivalent depths of 0.36-1.4 km. We propose this elevated gas bubbles supply destabilized the shallow (<1 km) Masaya magma reservoir, leading to upward migration of vesicular (buoyant) resident magma, and ultimately to (re)formation of the lava lake. At onset of lava lake activity on 11 December 2015 (constrained by satellite-based (MODIS) thermal observations), the gas emissions transitioned to more SO2-rich composition, and the SO2 flux increased by a factor ~40 % (11.4±5.2 kg/s) relative to background degassing (8.0 kg/s), confirming faster than normal (4.4 vs. ~3 m3·s-1) shallow magma convection. Elevated shallow magma circulation is also supported by gradual increase in irradiated thermal energy, captured by MODIS, from which we calculate that 0.4-0.8 m3·s-1 of magma have been surface-emplaced since December 2015.
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| 3. |
- Braicovich, Lucio, et al.
(författare)
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Determining the electron-phonon coupling in superconducting cuprates by resonant inelastic x-ray scattering: Methods and results on Nd1+xBa2-xCu3O7-δ
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physical Review Research. - 2643-1564. ; 2:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The coupling between lattice vibration quanta and valence electrons can induce charge-density modulations and decisively influence the transport properties of materials, e.g., leading to conventional superconductivity. In high-critical-temperature superconductors, where electronic correlation is the main actor, the actual role of electron-phonon coupling (EPC) is being intensely debated theoretically and investigated experimentally. We present an in-depth study of how the EPC strength can be obtained directly from resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) data through the theoretical approach derived by Ament et al. [Europhys. Lett. 95, 27008 (2011)]. The role of the model parameters (e.g., phonon energy ω0, intermediate state lifetime 1/Γ, EPC matrix element M, and detuning energy Ω) is thoroughly analyzed, providing general relations among them that can be used to make quantitative estimates of the dimensionless EPC g=(M/ω0)2 without detailed microscopic modeling. We then apply these methods to very high-resolution Cu L3-edge RIXS spectra of three Nd1+xBa2−xCu3O7−δ films. For the insulating antiferromagnetic parent compound, the value of M as a function of the in-plane momentum transfer is obtained for Cu-O bond-stretching (breathing) and bond-bending (buckling) phonon branches. For the underdoped and the nearly optimally doped samples, the effects of Coulomb screening and of charge-density-wave correlations on M are assessed. In light of the anticipated further improvements of the RIXS experimental resolution, this work provides a solid framework for an exhaustive investigation of the EPC in cuprates and other quantum materials.
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| 4. |
- Krieger, G., et al.
(författare)
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Charge and Spin Order Dichotomy in NdNiO2 Driven by the Capping Layer
- 2022
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114 .- 0031-9007. ; 129:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Superconductivity in infinite-layer nickelates holds exciting analogies with that of cuprates, with similar structures and 3d-electron count. Using resonant inelastic x-ray scattering, we studied electronic and magnetic excitations and charge density correlations in Nd1-xSrxNiO2 thin films with and without an SrTiO3 capping layer. We observe dispersing magnons only in the capped samples, progressively dampened at higher doping. We detect an elastic resonant scattering peak in the uncapped x=0 compound at wave vector (∼⅓,0), remindful of the charge order signal in hole doped cuprates. The peak weakens at x=0.05 and disappears in the superconducting x=0.20 film. The role of the capping on the electronic reconstruction far from the interface remains to be understood.
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| 5. |
- Peng, Y. Y., et al.
(författare)
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Doping dependence of the electron-phonon coupling in two families of bilayer superconducting cuprates
- 2022
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - 2469-9969 .- 2469-9950. ; 105:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While electron-phonon coupling (EPC) is crucial for Cooper pairing in conventional superconductors, its role in high-Tc superconducting cuprates is debated. Using resonant inelastic x-ray scattering at the oxygen K edge, we study the EPC in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ (Bi2212) and Nd1+xBa2-xCu3O7-δ (NBCO) at different doping levels ranging from heavily underdoped (p=0.07) to overdoped (p=0.21). We analyze the data with a localized Lang-Firsov model that allows for the coherent excitations of two phonon modes. While electronic band dispersion effects are non-negligible, we are able to perform a study of the relative values of EPC matrix elements in these cuprate families. In the case of NBCO, the choice of the excitation energy allows us to disentangle modes related to the CuO chains and the CuO2 planes. Combining the results from the two families, we find the EPC strength decreases with doping at q∥=(-0.25,0) r.l.u., but has a nonmonotonic trend as a function of doping at smaller momenta. This behavior is attributed to the screening effect of charge carriers. We also find that the phonon intensity is enhanced in the vicinity of the charge-density-wave excitations while the extracted EPC strength appears to be less sensitive to their proximity. By performing a comparative study of two cuprate families, we are able to identify general trends in the EPC for the cuprates and provide experimental input to theories invoking a synergistic role for this interaction in d-wave pairing.
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| 6. |
- Rossi, Matteo, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental Determination of Momentum-Resolved Electron-Phonon Coupling
- 2019
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114 .- 0031-9007. ; 123:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We provide a novel experimental method to quantitatively estimate the electron-phonon coupling and its momentum dependence from resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) spectra based on the detuning of the incident photon energy away from an absorption resonance. We apply it to the cuprate parent compound NdBa2Cu3O6 and find that the electronic coupling to the oxygen half-breathing phonon branch is strongest at the Brillouin zone boundary, where it amounts to ∼0.17 eV, in agreement with previous studies. In principle, this method is applicable to any absorption resonance suitable for RIXS measurements and will help to define the contribution of lattice vibrations to the peculiar properties of quantum materials.
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| 7. |
- Soffitta, Paolo, et al.
(författare)
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XIPE : the X-ray imaging polarimetry explorer
- 2013
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Ingår i: Experimental astronomy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0922-6435 .- 1572-9508. ; 36:3, s. 523-567
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- X-ray polarimetry, sometimes alone, and sometimes coupled to spectral and temporal variability measurements and to imaging, allows a wealth of physical phenomena in astrophysics to be studied. X-ray polarimetry investigates the acceleration process, for example, including those typical of magnetic reconnection in solar flares, but also emission in the strong magnetic fields of neutron stars and white dwarfs. It detects scattering in asymmetric structures such as accretion disks and columns, and in the so-called molecular torus and ionization cones. In addition, it allows fundamental physics in regimes of gravity and of magnetic field intensity not accessible to experiments on the Earth to be probed. Finally, models that describe fundamental interactions (e.g. quantum gravity and the extension of the Standard Model) can be tested. We describe in this paper the X-ray Imaging Polarimetry Explorer (XIPE), proposed in June 2012 to the first ESA call for a small mission with a launch in 2017. The proposal was, unfortunately, not selected. To be compliant with this schedule, we designed the payload mostly with existing items. The XIPE proposal takes advantage of the completed phase A of POLARIX for an ASI small mission program that was cancelled, but is different in many aspects: the detectors, the presence of a solar flare polarimeter and photometer and the use of a light platform derived by a mass production for a cluster of satellites. XIPE is composed of two out of the three existing JET-X telescopes with two Gas Pixel Detectors (GPD) filled with a He-DME mixture at their focus. Two additional GPDs filled with a 3-bar Ar-DME mixture always face the Sun to detect polarization from solar flares. The Minimum Detectable Polarization of a 1 mCrab source reaches 14 % in the 2-10 keV band in 10(5) s for pointed observations, and 0.6 % for an X10 class solar flare in the 15-35 keV energy band. The imaging capability is 24 arcsec Half Energy Width (HEW) in a Field of View of 14.7 arcmin x 14.7 arcmin. The spectral resolution is 20 % at 6 keV and the time resolution is 8 mu s. The imaging capabilities of the JET-X optics and of the GPD have been demonstrated by a recent calibration campaign at PANTER X-ray test facility of the Max-Planck-Institut fur extraterrestrische Physik (MPE, Germany). XIPE takes advantage of a low-earth equatorial orbit with Malindi as down-link station and of a Mission Operation Center (MOC) at INPE (Brazil). The data policy is organized with a Core Program that comprises three months of Science Verification Phase and 25 % of net observing time in the following 2 years. A competitive Guest Observer program covers the remaining 75 % of the net observing time.
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| 8. |
- Abrardo, Andrea, et al.
(författare)
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Distributed Digital and Hybrid Beamforming Schemes With MMSE-SIC Receivers for the MIMO Interference Channel
- 2019
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0018-9545 .- 1939-9359. ; 68:7, s. 6790-6804
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper addresses the problem of weighted sumrate maximization and mean squared error (MSE) minimization for the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) interference channel. Specifically, we consider a weighted minimum MSE architecture where each receiver employs successive interference cancellation (SIC) to separate the various received data streams and derive a hybrid beamforming scheme, where the transmitters operate with a number of radio frequency chains smaller than the number of antennas, particularly suited for millimeter-wave channels and 5G applications. To derive our proposed schemes, we first study the relationship between sum-rate maximization and weighted MSE minimization when using SIC receivers, assuming fully digital beamforming. Next, we consider the important-and, as it turns out, highly non-trivial-case where the transmitters employ hybrid digital/analog beamforming, developing a distributed joint hybrid precoding and SIC-based combining algorithm. Moreover, for practical implementation, we propose a signaling scheme that utilizes a common broadcast channel and facilitates the acquisition of channel state information, assuming minimal assistance from a central node such as a cellular base station. Numerical results show that both the proposed weighted MMSE-SIC schemes exhibit great advantages with respect to their linear counterparts in terms of complexity, feedback information, and performance.
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| 9. |
- Abrardo, Andrea, et al.
(författare)
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MMSE Receiver Design and SINR Calculation in MU-MIMO Systems With Imperfect CSI
- 2019
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Ingår i: IEEE Wireless Communications Letters. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2162-2337 .- 2162-2345. ; 8:1, s. 269-272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The performance of the uplink of multiuser multiple input multiple output systems depends critically on the receiver architecture and on the quality of the acquired channel state information. A popular approach is to design linear receivers that minimize the mean squared error (MSE) of the received data symbols. Unfortunately, most of the literature does not take into account the presence of channel state information errors in the MSE minimization. In this letter we develop a linear minimum MSE (MMSE) receiver that employs the noisy instantaneous channel estimates to minimize the MSE, and highlight the dependence of the receiver performance on the pilot-to-data power ratio. By invoking the theory of random matrices, we calculate the users' signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio as a function of the number of antennas and the pilot-to-data power ratio of all users. Numerical results indicate that this new linear receiver outperforms the classical mismatched MMSE receiver.
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| 10. |
- Arpaia, Riccardo, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Signature of quantum criticality in cuprates by charge density fluctuations
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - 2041-1723 .- 2041-1723. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The universality of the strange metal phase in many quantum materials is often attributed to the presence of a quantum critical point (QCP), a zero-temperature phase transition ruled by quantum fluctuations. In cuprates, where superconductivity hinders direct QCP observation, indirect evidence comes from the identification of fluctuations compatible with the strange metal phase. Here we show that the recently discovered charge density fluctuations (CDF) possess the right properties to be associated to a quantum phase transition. Using resonant x-ray scattering, we studied the CDF in two families of cuprate superconductors across a wide doping range (up to p = 0.22). At p* ≈ 0.19, the putative QCP, the CDF intensity peaks, and the characteristic energy Δ is minimum, marking a wedge-shaped region in the phase diagram indicative of a quantum critical behavior, albeit with anomalies. These findings strengthen the role of charge order in explaining strange metal phenomenology and provide insights into high-temperature superconductivity.
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