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- Kilian, Carolin, et al.
(författare)
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A new perspective on European drinking cultures : a model-based approach to determine variations in drinking practices among 19 European countries
- 2021
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Ingår i: Addiction. - : Wiley. - 0965-2140 .- 1360-0443. ; 116:8, s. 2016-2025
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims In recent decades, alcohol drinking in the European Union has been characterized by increasing homogenization of levels of drinking coupled with an overall decrease. This study examined whether we can still distinguish distinct practices of drinking by addressing two research questions: (1) are drinking practices still characterized by the choice of a certain alcoholic beverage; and (2) how do drinking practices vary across countries?Design Cross-sectional study: latent-class analyses of drinking variables and fractional response regression analyses of individual characteristics for individual-level class endorsement probabilities, respectively.Setting Nineteen European countries and one autonomous community.Participants A total of 27 170 past-year drinkers aged 18-65 years in 2015.Measurements Data were collected through the Standardized European Alcohol Survey included frequency of past-year drinking, pure alcohol intake per drink day, occurrence of monthly risky single-occasion drinking and preferred beverage, together with socio-demographic data.Findings Three latent classes were identified: (1) light to moderate drinking without risky single-occasion drinking [prevalence: 68.0%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 66.7-69.3], (2) infrequent heavy drinking (prevalence: 12.6%, 95% CI = 11.5-13.7) and (3) regular drinking with at least monthly risky single-occasion drinking (prevalence: 19.4%, 95% CI = 18.1-20.9). Drinking classes differed considerably in beverage preference, with women reporting a generally higher share of wine and men of beer drinking. Light to moderate drinking without risky single-occasion drinking was the predominant drinking practice in all locations except for Lithuania, where infrequent heavy drinking (class 2) was equally popular. Socio-demographic factors and individual alcohol harm experiences (rapid alcohol on-line screen) explained up to 20.5% of the variability in class endorsement.Conclusions Beverage preference appears to remain a decisive indicator for distinguishing Europeans' drinking practices. In most European countries, multiple drinking practices appear to be present.
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- Kilian, Carolin, et al.
(författare)
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Why Is Per Capita Consumption Underestimated in Alcohol Surveys? Results from 39 Surveys in 23 European Countries
- 2020
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Ingår i: Alcohol and Alcoholism. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0735-0414 .- 1464-3502. ; 55:5, s. 554-563
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The aims of the article are (a) to estimate coverage rates (i.e. the proportion of ‘real consumption’ accounted for by a survey compared with more reliable aggregate consumption data) of the total, the recorded and the beverage-specific annual per capita consumption in 23 European countries, and (b) to investigate differences between regions, and other factors which might be associated with low coverage (prevalence of heavy episodic drinking [HED], survey methodology).Methods: Survey data were derived from the Standardised European Alcohol Survey and Harmonising Alcohol-related Measures in European Surveys (number of surveys: 39, years of survey: 2008–2015, adults aged 20–64 years). Coverage rates were calculated at the aggregated level by dividing consumption estimates derived from the surveys by alcohol per capita estimates from a recent global modelling study. Fractional response regression models were used to examine the relative importance of the predictors.Results: Large variation in coverage across European countries was observed (average total coverage: 36.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] [33.2; 39.8]), with lowest coverage found for spirits consumption (26.3, 95% CI [21.4; 31.3]). Regarding the second aim, the prevalence of HED was associated with wine- and spirits-specific coverage, explaining 10% in the respective variance. However, neither the consideration of regions nor survey methodology explained much of the variance in coverage estimates, regardless of the scenario.Conclusion: The results reiterate that alcohol survey data should not be used to compare or estimate aggregate consumption levels, which may be better reflected by statistics on recorded or total per capita consumption.
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- Moskalewicz, Jacek, et al.
(författare)
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A half-century of the Kettil Bruun Society : a history against a backdrop of global developments
- 2022
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Ingår i: Alcoholism and Drug Addiction/Alkoholizm i Narkomania. - 0867-4361 .- 1689-3530. ; 35:4, s. 293-306
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Kettil Bruun Society (KBS) has developed from a small, almost informal group of social researchers to a relatively large organisation that has sustained itself over the decades, organising regularly its annual symposia and less regular thematic meetings which offer a platform for comparative social and epidemiological alcohol research.Unlike the few previous papers on KBS, which focused on internal development, the aim of this one is to put its history in a wider global political, social and economic context.Several global developments were identified that may have affected the KBS and its history: emergence of the new left generation in the 60s; growth and decline of the welfare state, in particular the Nordic welfare state with its health-oriented alcohol monopolies; globalisation and internationalisation of research; emergence and expansion of neoliberal ideologies; globalisation of the alcohol industry and social aspects organisations; technological and methodological advances in research.The Society’s original organisational culture, with a focus on the comparative perspective, openness, transparency and supportive relationships among members, has been sustained but is likely to evolve under a pressure of recent global developments.
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- Priebe, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Mental health-care provision for marginalized groups across Europe: findings from the PROMO study
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 23:1, s. 97-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Providing mental health care to socially marginalized groups is a challenge. There is limited evidence on what form of mental health-care generic (i.e. not targeting a specific social group) and group-specific services provide to socially marginalized groups in Europe. Aim: To describe the characteristics of services providing mental health care for people with mental disorders from socially marginalized groups in European capitals. Methods: In two highly deprived areas in different European capital cities, services providing some form of mental health care for six marginalized groups, i.e. homeless, street sex workers, asylum seekers/refugees, irregular migrants, travelling communities and long-term unemployed, were identified and contacted. Data were obtained on service characteristics, staff and programmes. Results: In 8 capital cities, 516 out of 575 identified services were assessed (90%); 297 services were generic (18–79 per city) and 219 group-specific (13–50). All cities had group-specific services for the homeless, street sex workers and asylum seekers/refugees. Generic services provided more health-care programmes. Group-specific services provided more outreach programmes and social care. There was a substantial overlap in the programmes provided by the two types of services. Conclusions: In deprived areas of European capitals, a considerable number of services provide mental health care to socially marginalized groups. Access to these services often remains difficult. Group-specific services have been widely established, but their role overlaps with that of generic services. More research and conceptual clarity on the function of group-specific services are required.
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