| 1. |
- Heilinger, Jan-Christoph, et al.
(författare)
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Public Health Ethics and Covid-19: The ethical dimensions of public health decision-making during a pandemic
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Covid-19 pandemic forces policy makers and public health authorities to make ethically challenging decisions, often under conditions of uncertainty and under time pressure. In times of pandemics, ethical accountability is more important, not less. Understanding and handling of ethical problems require grounding in ethical theory and decision models, in combination with relevant facts from medicine, public health, law, economics, politics, etc. The perspective of public health ethics includes considerations from all ethical domains of relevance in a pandemic situation. This foundational policy brief provides an overview of the fundamental ethical dimensions of public health decision-making in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic. It references important existing ethical frameworks, some of which are based on extensive stakeholder vetting and public consultation. Its goal is to support decision-making that is justified and communicated as required by basic democratic principles and in the light of diverse values and norms present in democratic societies. These, however, may conflict with one another, making difficult trade-offs inevitable. Further policy briefs on specific topics will be consecutively developed by this ethics working group, including on ethical decision-making in policy and practice under conditions of uncertainty, ethics of vaccination, ethics of Covid-19-related contract-tracing apps, ethics of Covid-19 and age, ethics of experimental treatment, refugee health ethics and Covid-19.
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| 2. |
- Ranisch, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Digital contact tracing and exposure notification: ethical guidance for trustworthy pandemic management
- 2021
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Ingår i: Ethics and Information Technology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1388-1957 .- 1572-8439. ; 23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is growing interest in contact tracing apps (CT apps) for pandemic management. It is crucial to consider ethical requirements before, while, and after implementing such apps. In this paper, we illustrate the complexity and multiplicity of the ethical considerations by presenting an ethical framework for a responsible design and implementation of CT apps. Using this framework as a starting point, we briefly highlight the interconnection of social and political contexts, available measures of pandemic management, and a multi-layer assessment of CT apps. We will discuss some trade-offs that arise from this perspective. We then suggest that public trust is of major importance for population uptake of contact tracing apps. Hasty, ill-prepared or badly communicated implementations of CT apps will likely undermine public trust, and as such, risk impeding general effectiveness.
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| 3. |
- Ranisch, Robert, et al.
(författare)
-
Ethics of digital contact tracing apps for the Covid-19 pandemic response
- 2020
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is a growing interest in contact tracing apps (CT apps) for pandemic man- agement. These apps raise significant moral concerns. It is therefore crucial to consider ethical requirements before and while implementing such apps. Public trust is of major importance for population uptake of contact tracing apps. Hasty, ill-prepared or badly communicated implementations of CT apps will likely under- mine public trust, and as such, risk impeding general effectiveness. In response to these demands, to meet ethical requirements and find a basis for justified trust, this background introduces an ethical framework for a responsible design and implementation of CT apps. However, even prudently chosen measures of digital contact tracing carry moral costs, which makes it necessary address different trade-offs. This background paper aims to inform developers, researchers and decision-makers be- fore and throughout the process of implementing contact tracing apps.
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