| 1. |
- Mohammad, Salahuddin, et al.
(författare)
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Job satisfaction and job tenure of people with mental health disorders : a UK Biobank cohort study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : Sage Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 51:8, s. 1248-1257
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims:Job satisfaction plays an important role for the life quality and health of working individuals. While studies have shown that self-reported mental health conditions such as stress, anxiety and depression are associated with job satisfaction, a large population-based study exploring and comparing self-reported physician posed diagnosed conditions and their association with job satisfaction and job tenure is missing. This study addresses the gap along with exploring the impact of the neurotic personality trait and other possible contributing factors.Methods:Sixteen mental health disorders diagnosed by physicians, categorised into four major groups were investigated in relation to employment status (108,711 participants) and in relation to job satisfaction and job tenure (34,808 participants). Analyses were performed using linear regression adjusted for age, sex, townsend deprivation index, body mass index, education, physical activity, work hours and neuroticism.Results:Neurotic and stress disorders, eating disorders and other mental health disorders were strongly associated with lower job satisfaction and shorter job tenure in both unadjusted and adjusted analyses. Neuroticism was strongly linked to job satisfaction but was not associated with job tenure.Conclusions:Study findings clarify the complex relationship of mental health with job satisfaction and job tenure, which is very important to understand in designing measures to improve working life participation of individuals with mental health issues.
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| 2. |
- Al-Sabri, Mohamed H.
(författare)
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Unveiling the Mechanisms for Statin-Associated Sleep Problems and Myopathy : Statin Medication, Sleep Problems and Myopathy Mechanisms
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Statins (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, HMGCR, inhibitors) comprise the gold standard for the management of hypercholesterolaemia and prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVDs). However, they are accompanied by potential adverse effects, notably muscle pain and sleep disturbance. These side effects can significantly impact patient adherence to statin therapy and thus increase the risk for CVDs. Despite extensive research, the underlying mechanisms of statin-associated myopathy and sleep disturbance are poorly understood. In Paper I, we conducted a cross-sectional cohort study to investigate the association between statin use and genetic variants for HMGCR with the risk for insomnia and chronotype using UK biobank cohort data. Statin use, insomnia and chronotype were assessed by a self-report touchscreen questionnaire. Statin treatment was associated with an increased risk of insomnia compared to controls, while genetic variants for HMGCR inhibition were associated with a reduced risk for insomnia. No association with late evening chronotype were observed with statin use or genetic variants for HMGCR. In Paper II, we employed Drosophila melanogaster to examine the effect of statins and the role of central inhibition of Hmgcr on sleep behaviour. Flies were treated with fluvastatin for five days and Hmgcr was knocked down in pan neurons and pars intercerebralis (PI), equivalent to the mammalian hypothalamus. Sleep patterns were recorded and analysed. Pan-neuronal- as well as PI inhibition of Hmgcr recapitulates fluvastatin-induced enhanced sleep latency and reduced sleep duration. In Paper III, we deciphered the underlying mechanisms for statin-induced myopathy using D. melanogaster. We found that fluvastatin treatment induced muscular damage, mitochondrial phenotypes, lowered locomotion, reduced climbing activity and was associated with lipotoxicity, impaired muscle differentiation and regeneration, and lowered expression of skeletal muscle chloride channels. Interestingly, selective inhibition of skeletal muscle chloride channels recapitulates fluvastatin-induced myofibrillar damage and lowered climbing activity, while selective Hmgcr inhibition in the skeletal muscles recapitulates fluvastatin-induced mitochondrial round-shape and reduced locomotion activity. In Paper IV, we explored the sequential events of myofibril damage and mitochondrial phenotypes associated with fluvastatin and examined whether inhibition of Hmgcr in the skeletal muscles recapitulates fluvastatin effects on mitochondrial respiratory parameters using D. melanogaster. Acute fluvastatin treatment was associated with reduced mitochondrial content and roundness of the mitochondria without noticeable myofibrillar damage. Intriguingly, chronic fluvastatin treatment was associated with stronger mitochondrial phenotypes along with severe myofibrillar damage, which suggests that mitochondrial phenotypes precede myofibrillar damage. Moreover, selective Hmgcr inhibition did not impact mitochondrial respiratory functions.
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| 3. |
- Belyaeva, Irina I., et al.
(författare)
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Pharmacogenetics in Primary Headache Disorders
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Pharmacology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1663-9812. ; 12
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Primary headache disorders, such as migraine, tension-type headache (TTH), and cluster headache, belong to the most common neurological disorders affecting a high percentage of people worldwide. Headache induces a high burden for the affected individuals on the personal level, with a strong impact on life quality, daily life management, and causes immense costs for the healthcare systems. Although a relatively broad spectrum of different pharmacological classes for the treatment of headache disorders are available, treatment effectiveness is often limited by high variances in therapy responses. Genetic variants can influence the individual treatment success by influencing pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of the therapeutic as investigated in the research field of pharmacogenetics. This review summarizes the current knowledge on important primary headache disorders, including migraine, TTH, and cluster headache. We also summarize current acute and preventive treatment options for the three headache disorders based on drug classes and compounds taking important therapy guidelines into consideration. Importantly, the work summarizes and discusses the role of genetic polymorphisms regarding their impact on metabolism safety and the effect of therapeutics that are used to treat migraine, cluster headache, and TTH exploring drug classes such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, triptans, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, calcium channel blockers, drugs with effect on the renin-angiotensin system, and novel headache therapeutics such as ditans, anti-calcitonin-gene-related peptide antibodies, and gepants. Genetic variants in important phase I-, II-, and III-associated genes such as cytochrome P450 genes, UGT genes, and different transporter genes are scrutinized as well as variants in genes important for pharmacodynamics and several functions outside the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic spectrum. Finally, the article evaluates the potential and limitations of pharmacogenetic approaches for individual therapy adjustments in headache disorders.
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| 4. |
- Olivo, Gaia, MD, 1989-
(författare)
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Brain Structure and Function in Adolescents with Atypical Anorexia Nervosa
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Atypical anorexia nervosa (AAN) has a high incidence in adolescents, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. The weight loss is generally less pronounced than that experienced in full-syndrome anorexia nervosa (AN), but the medical consequences can be as severe. Neuroimaging could improve our knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of eating disorders, however research on adolescents is limited, and no neuroimaging studies have been conducted in AAN. In paper I, we investigated brain structure through a voxel-based morphometry analysis in 22 drug-naïve adolescent females newly-diagnosed with AAN, and 38 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. In Paper II, we investigated white matter microstructural integrity on 25 drug-naïve adolescent patients with AAN and 25 healthy controls, using diffusion tensor imaging with a tract-based spatial statistics approach. No differences in brain structure could be detected, indicating preserved regional grey matter volumes and white matter diffusivity in patients with AAN compared to controls. These findings suggest that previous observations of brain structure alterations in full syndrome AN may constitute state-related consequences of severe underweight. Alternatively, the preservation of brain structure might indeed differentiate AAN from AN. In paper III, we investigated resting-state functional connectivity in 22 drug-naïve adolescent patients with AAN, and 24 healthy controls. We report reduced connectivity in patients in brain areas involved in face-processing and social cognition, while an increased connectivity, correlating with depressive symptoms, was found in areas involved in the multimodal integration of sensory stimuli, aesthetic judgment, and social rejection anxiety. These findings point toward a core role for an altered development of socio-emotional skills in the pathogenesis of AAN. In Paper IV, we investigated neural connectivity underlying visual processing of foods with different caloric content in a sample of 28 adolescent females diagnosed with AAN, and 33 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Our results showed higher connectivity in patients in pathways related to the integration of sensory input and memory retrieval, in response to food with high caloric content. This, however, was coupled to lower connectivity in salience and attentional networks, and lower connectivity between areas involved in visual food cues processing and appetite regulatory regions. Thus, despite food with high caloric content is associated to greater processing of somatosensory information in patients, it is attributed less salience and engages patients’ attention less than food with low caloric content.
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| 5. |
- Welander, Nike Zoe, et al.
(författare)
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Migraine as a risk factor for mixed symptoms of peripartum depression and anxiety in late pregnancy : A prospective cohort study.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Affective Disorders. - : Elsevier. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 295, s. 733-739
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Migraine has been identified as a risk factor for peripartum depression. However, little is known about the contribution of anxiety to this association or potential changes throughout the peripartum period.METHODS: In a sample of 4,831 women from the Biology, Affect, Stress, Imaging and Cognition cohort in Sweden, participants were asked about history of migraine prior to pregnancy. The participants completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at gestational weeks 17 and 32 and postpartum week 6. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to assess associations between migraine and symptoms of depression, anxiety or mixed depression and anxiety, while adjusting for potential confounders.RESULTS: In crude estimates, migraine was associated with separate and mixed symptoms of depression and anxiety at most time points. After adjustments, migraine was associated with anxiety at week 17 (adjusted odds ratio: 1.69; 95% confidence interval: 1.11-2.54) and with mixed depression and anxiety at week 32 (adjusted odds ratio: 1.45; 95% confidence interval: 1.06-1.99). None of the other associations remained statistically significant after adjustments.LIMITATIONS: Migraine history was self-reported. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were based on the screening tool EPDS and not on clinical diagnoses.CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that migraine may be a risk factor for anxiety in mid- pregnancy and mixed symptoms of peripartum depression and anxiety in late pregnancy. Inflammatory and hormonal factors may underlie the association between migraine, depression and anxiety across the peripartum period.
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| 6. |
- Affatato, Oreste, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing volumetric brain differences in migraine and depression patients : a UK Biobank study
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Neurology. - : BMC. - 1471-2377. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Migraine and depression are two of the most common and debilitating conditions. From a clinical perspective, they are mostly prevalent in women and manifest a partial overlapping symptomatology. Despite the high level of comorbidity, previous studies hardly investigated possible common patterns in brain volumetric differences compared to healthy subjects. Therefore, the current study investigates and compares the volumetric difference patterns in sub-cortical regions between participants with migraine or depression in comparison to healthy controls.Methods: The study included data from 43 930 participants of the large UK Biobank cohort. Using official ICD10 diagnosis, we selected 712 participants with migraine, 1 853 with depression and 23 942 healthy controls. We estimated mean volumetric difference between the groups for the different sub-cortical brain regions using generalized linear regression models, conditioning the model within the levels of BMI, age, sex, ethnical background, diastolic blood pressure, current tobacco smoking, alcohol intake frequency, Assessment Centre, Indices of Multiple Deprivation, comorbidities and total brain volume.Results: We detected larger overall volume of the caudate (mean difference: 66, 95% CI [-3, 135]) and of the thalamus (mean difference: 103 mm(3), 95% CI [-2, 208]) in migraineurs than healthy controls. We also observed that individuals with depression appear to have also larger overall (mean difference: 47 mm(3), 95% CI [-7, 100]) and gray matter (mean difference: 49 mm(3), 95% CI [2, 95]) putamen volumes than healthy controls, as well as larger amygdala volume (mean difference: 17 mm(3), 95% CI [-7, 40]).Conclusion: Migraineurs manifested larger overall volumes at the level of the nucleus caudate and of the thalamus, which might imply abnormal pain modulation and increased migraine susceptibility. Larger amygdala and putamen volumes in participants with depression than controls might be due to increased neuronal activity in these regions.
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| 7. |
- Affatato, Oreste, et al.
(författare)
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Major sex differences in migraine prevalence among occupational categories : a cross-sectional study using UK Biobank
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Headache and Pain. - : Springer Nature. - 1129-2369 .- 1129-2377. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Migraine represents one of the most prevalent neurological conditions worldwide. It is a disabling condition with high impact on the working situation of migraineurs. Interestingly, gender-related differences regarding an association of migraine with important occupational characteristics has been hardly studied. Methods The current study scrutinizes gender-specific differences in the prevalence of migraine across a broad spectrum of occupational categories, shedding also light on associations with important job-related features such as shift work, job satisfaction, and physical activity. The study included data from 415 712 participants from the UK Biobank cohort, using the official ICD10 diagnosis of migraine and other health conditions as selection criteria. Prevalence ratios of migraineurs compared to healthy controls among different occupational categories and job-related variables were estimated using log-binomial regression analyses. Statistical models were adjusted for important sociodemographic features such as age, BMI, ethnicity, education and neuroticism. To better highlight specific differences between men and women we stratified by sex. Results We detected a differential prevalence pattern of migraine in relation to different job categories between men and women. Especially in men, migraine appears to be more prevalent in highly physically demanding occupations (PR 1.38, 95% CI [0.93, 2.04]). Furthermore, migraine is also more prevalent in jobs that frequently involve shift or night shift work compared to healthy controls. Interestingly, this prevalence is especially high in women (shift work PR 1.45, 95% CI [1.14, 1.83], night shift work PR 1.46, 95% CI [0.93, 2.31]). Conclusion Our results show that migraine is genderdependently associated with physically demanding jobs and shift working.
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| 8. |
- Affatato, Oreste, et al.
(författare)
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Volumetric Differences in Cerebellum and Brainstem in Patients with Migraine : A UK Biobank Study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Biomedicines. - : MDPI. - 2227-9059. ; 11:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The cerebellum and the brainstem are two brain structures involved in pain processing and modulation that have also been associated with migraine pathophysiology. The aim of this study was to investigate possible associations between the morphology of the cerebellum and brainstem and migraine, focusing on gray matter differences in these brain areas.Methods: The analyses were based on data from 712 individuals with migraine and 45,681 healthy controls from the UK Biobank study. Generalized linear models were used to estimate the mean gray matter volumetric differences in the brainstem and the cerebellum. The models were adjusted for important biological covariates such as BMI, age, sex, total brain volume, diastolic blood pressure, alcohol intake frequency, current tobacco smoking, assessment center, material deprivation, ethnic background, and a wide variety of health conditions. Secondary analyses investigated volumetric correlation between cerebellar sub-regions.Results: We found larger gray matter volumes in the cerebellar sub-regions V (mean difference: 72 mm3, 95% CI [13, 132]), crus I (mean difference: 259 mm3, 95% CI [9, 510]), VIIIa (mean difference: 120 mm3, 95% CI [0.9, 238]), and X (mean difference: 14 mm3, 95% CI [1, 27]).Conclusions: Individuals with migraine show larger gray matter volumes in several cerebellar sub-regions than controls. These findings support the hypothesis that the cerebellum plays a role in the pathophysiology of migraine.
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| 9. |
- Al-Sabri, Mohamed H., et al.
(författare)
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Fluvastatin-induced myofibrillar damage is associated with elevated ROS, and impaired fatty acid oxidation, and is preceded by mitochondrial morphological changes
- 2024
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previously, we showed that fluvastatin treatment induces myofibrillar damage and mitochondrial phenotypes in the skeletal muscles of Drosophila. However, the sequential occurrence of mitochondrial phenotypes and myofibril damage remains elusive. To address this, we treated flies with fluvastatin for two and five days and examined their thorax flight muscles using confocal microscopy. In the two-day fluvastatin group, compared to the control, thorax flight muscles exhibited mitochondrial morphological changes, including fragmentation, rounding up and reduced content, while myofibrils remained organized in parallel. In the five-day fluvastatin treatment, not only did mitochondrial morphological changes become more pronounced, but myofibrils became severely disorganized with significantly increased thickness and spacing, along with myofilament abnormalities, suggesting myofibril damage. These findings suggest that fluvastatin-induced mitochondrial changes precede myofibril damage. Moreover, in the five-day fluvastatin group, the mitochondria demonstrated elevated H2O2 and impaired fatty acid oxidation compared to the control group, indicating potential mitochondrial dysfunction. Surprisingly, knocking down Hmgcr (Drosophila homolog of HMGCR) showed normal mitochondrial respiration in all parameters compared to controls or five-day fluvastatin treatment, which suggests that fluvastatin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction might be independent of Hmgcr inhibition. These results provide insights into the sequential occurrence of mitochondria and myofibril damage in statin-induced myopathy for future studies.
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| 10. |
- Al-Sabri, Mohamed H., et al.
(författare)
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Statins Induce Locomotion and Muscular Phenotypes in Drosophila melanogaster That Are Reminiscent of Human Myopathy : Evidence for the Role of the Chloride Channel Inhibition in the Muscular Phenotypes
- 2022
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Ingår i: Cells. - : MDPI. - 2073-4409. ; 11:22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The underlying mechanisms for statin-induced myopathy (SIM) are still equivocal. In this study, we employ Drosophila melanogaster to dissect possible underlying mechanisms for SIM. We observe that chronic fluvastatin treatment causes reduced general locomotion activity and climbing ability. In addition, transmission microscopy of dissected skeletal muscles of fluvastatin-treated flies reveals strong myofibrillar damage, including increased sarcomere lengths and Z-line streaming, which are reminiscent of myopathy, along with fragmented mitochondria of larger sizes, most of which are round-like shapes. Furthermore, chronic fluvastatin treatment is associated with impaired lipid metabolism and insulin signalling. Mechanistically, knockdown of the statin-target Hmgcr in the skeletal muscles recapitulates fluvastatin-induced mitochondrial phenotypes and lowered general locomotion activity; however, it was not sufficient to alter sarcomere length or elicit myofibrillar damage compared to controls or fluvastatin treatment. Moreover, we found that fluvastatin treatment was associated with reduced expression of the skeletal muscle chloride channel, C1C-a (Drosophila homolog of CLCN1), while selective knockdown of skeletal muscle C1C-a also recapitulated fluvastatin-induced myofibril damage and increased sarcomere lengths. Surprisingly, exercising fluvastatin-treated flies restored C1C-a expression and normalized sarcomere lengths, suggesting that fluvastatin-induced myofibrillar phenotypes could be linked to lowered C1C-a expression. Taken together, these results may indicate the potential role of C1C-a inhibition in statinassociated muscular phenotypes. This study underlines the importance of Drosophila melanogaster as a powerful model system for elucidating the locomotion and muscular phenotypes, promoting a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying SIM.
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