| 1. |
- Blennow, Kaj, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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No association between the alpha2-macroglobulin (A2M) deletion and Alzheimer's disease, and no change in A2M mRNA, protein, or protein expression.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0300-9564 .- 1435-1463. ; 107:8-9, s. 1065-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A polymorphism consisting of a deletion near the 5' splice site of exon 18 on the alpha2-macroglobulin (A2M) gene (A2M-2) has been suggested to be associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in family-based studies. We studied the A2M-2 allele together with the ApoE alleles in a large series on patients with AD (n = 449) and age-matched controls (n = 349). Neuropathologically confirmed diagnoses were available in 199 cases (94 AD and 107 control cases). We found no increase in A2M-2 genotype or allele frequencies in AD (27.5% and 14.6%) versus controls (26.4% and 14.9%). In contrast, a marked increase (p < 0.0001) in ApoE epsilon4 genotype or allele frequencies was found in AD (66.6% and 41.2%) as compared with controls (29.8% and 16.5%), suggesting sufficient statistical power in our sample. No relation was found between the A2M-2 and the ApoE epsilon4 allele. No change in A2M exon 17-18 mRNA size or sequence or A2M protein size was found in cases carrying the A2M-2 deletion, suggesting that there is no biological consequences of the A2M intronic deletion. No change in A2M protein level in cerebrospinal fluid was found in AD, suggesting that the A2M-2 allele does not effect the A2M protein expression in the brain. The lack of an association between the A2M-2 allele and AD in the present study, and the lack of abnormalities in the A2M mRNA or protein suggest that the A2M-2 allele is not associated with AD.
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| 2. |
- Nägga, Katarina, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Associated physical disease in a demented population
- 1998
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Ingår i: Aging (Milan, Italy). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0394-9532. ; 10:6, s. 440-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clinical experience indicates that physical diseases are probably underdiagnosed in patients suffering from dementia. We investigated the prevalence of physical diseases in patients with different types of dementia by means of a retrospective patient record survey including 236 inpatients and outpatients referred for dementia evaluation to the Dementia Investigation Unit, University Hospital in Linköping during 1994. Forty-four patients had dementia of the Alzheimer type, 78 had vascular dementia, 28 had dementia due to multiple etiologies, 42 were not demented, and 44 patients could not be classified by the DSM IV criteria. The physical diseases were registered as separate diagnoses comprising all newly-diagnosed physical diseases and previously known diseases that had exacerbated and contributed to the medical contact. Sixty-four percent of the patients had previously unknown physical diseases and/or exacerbation of previously known diseases. The most common physical conditions were cobalamin deficiency and infectious diseases, which occurred in 27% and 24% of the patients, respectively. There was no difference in the number or kinds of diagnoses between the diagnostic groups. Associated physical diseases were underdiagnosed in patients referred for dementia evaluation. We suggest that thorough medical investigation and adequate treatment are of importance in the management of dementia.
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| 3. |
- Nägga, Katarina, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Cobalamin, folate, methylmalonic acid, homocysteine, and gastritis markers in dementia
- 2003
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 16:4, s. 269-275
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The prevalence of dementia disorders, cobalamin and/or folate deficiency as well as gastritis increases with age. To investigate whether there is an association between these conditions, plasma homocysteine (Hcy), serum methylmalonic acid, serum cobalamin and blood folate concentrations were measured. Gastritis was indirectly diagnosed by measuring serum antibodies against H,K-ATPase, Helicobacter pylori and intrinsic factor, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The studied groups consisted of 47 patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), 9 with AD pathology in combination with additive vascular lesions, 59 with vascular dementia, 8 who were cognitively impaired, and 101 control cases. Plasma Hcy concentrations were significantly elevated in the dementia groups, with the highest levels in patients with vascular pathology. We conclude that hyperhomocysteinemia is a common finding in patients with dementia disorders of different etiologies. The markers for gastritis did not contribute to an elucidation of a possible connection between this condition, dementia disorders, or cobalamin/folate deficiency.
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| 4. |
- Nägga, Katarina, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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CT brain findings in clinical dementia investigation : underestimation of mixed dementia
- 2004
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 18:1, s. 59-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dementia has been found to display a more heterogeneous clinical picture than previously recognized. We investigated brain changes on computed tomography (CT) in a clinical dementia population consisting of 67 cases with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 13 with mixed dementia (AD and vascular dementia, VaD), 71 with VaD, and 12 cases that were not demented. Temporal cortical atrophy and atrophy around the temporal horns were more common in patients with mixed dementia compared to patients with VaD and the non-demented, respectively. Frontal white matter changes were present in 64% of AD, in 85% of mixed dementia and in 79% of VaD cases, but there were no differences between the dementia groups. Lacunes were present in almost 40% of AD cases and in 80 and 85% of VaD and mixed dementia cases, respectively. Only 14% of the VaD cases had large infarcts on the CT. We conclude that large infarcts were rare, even in VaD cases. The increased incidence of white matter changes and lacunes in AD patients strongly indicates an underestimation of the mixed dementia diagnosis. More distinct criteria for this diagnostic category are warranted.
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| 5. |
- Nägga, Katarina, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of factors of importance for clinical dementia diagnosis
- 2005
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 19:5-6, s. 289-298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diagnosing clinical dementia is based on an assessment of different variables, such as the patient’s medical history, known risk factors, and biochemical features. Partial least squares discriminant analysis was used to evaluate variables of importance for diagnosing dementia in a clinical dementia population. Polymorphism for genotypes of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and sulfotransferase 1A1, hypothetically of importance in dementia disorders, was also included in the analysis. The study population consisted of 73 patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), 14 with mixed dementia, 75 patients with vascular dementia, and 28 control cases. We found that several of the variables, such as the presence of ApoE4 allele, high cerebrospinal fluid levels of total tau protein, low levels of β-amyloid<sub>(1–42)</sub>, and a low score on the Mini-Mental State Examination, facilitated a discrimination between the diagnoses compared with the controls. The different diagnoses overlapped. There were indications that genotypes of GSTs contributed to a subgrouping within AD.
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| 6. |
- Nägga, Katarina, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Gaba transporters (GAT-1) in Alzheimer´s disease.
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of neural transmission. - 0300-9564 .- 1435-1463. ; 106:11-12, s. 1141-1149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The presynaptically located gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter (GAT-1) was studied in a group of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in a control group using the GAT-1 selective radioligand [H-3]tiagabine. Post mortem brain tissue from frontal cortex, temporal cortex, and caudate nucleus from 18 AD patients and 23 age-matched controls were studied. The binding was saturable (Kd 26 nM) and region specific. There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to the binding capacity (Bmax) and binding affinity (Kd). The unaltered [H-3]tiagabine binding to GAT-1 protein indicates that intrinsic GABA neurons are spared in Alzheimer's disease.
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| 7. |
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