| 3. |
- Jayasree, R. S., et al.
(författare)
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Raman and infrared spectral analysis of corrosion products on zinc NaZn4Cl(OH)(6)SO4-6H(2)O and Zn4Cl2(OH)(4)SO4 center dot 5H(2)O
- 2006
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Ingår i: Materials Chemistry and Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0254-0584 .- 1879-3312. ; 99:03-feb, s. 474-478
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two corrosion products of zinc namely NaZn4Cl(OH)(6)SO4 center dot 6H(2)O which occurs mainly in marine and traffic environments and Zn4Cl2(OH)(4)SO4 center dot 5H(2)O which occurs in industrial, rural and urban environments were analysed using infrared and Raman spectroscopic methods and the vibrational modes of SO42- ion, OH radical and H2O molecules have been identified and discussed. The symmetric stretching vibrations of the SO42- ion of the compounds give an indication of the distorted structure for the SO4 anion in the compounds, the distortion being more in Zn4Cl2(OH)(4)SO4 center dot 5H(2)O. Due to the presence of strong hydrogen bond network, an unusual lowering of the symmetric stretching mode of SO4 is observed in both the compounds. In NaZn4Cl(OH)(6)SO4 center dot 6H(2)O, medium to weak hydrogen bonding network is present while strong to weak hydrogen bonding is present in Zn4Cl2(OH)(4)SO4 center dot 5H(2)O.
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| 5. |
- Vanbiervliet, G, et al.
(författare)
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Endoscopic management of ampullary tumors: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline
- 2021
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Ingår i: Endoscopy. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 1438-8812 .- 0013-726X. ; 53:044, s. 429-448
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1 ESGE recommends against diagnostic/therapeutic papillectomy when adenoma is not proven.Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.2 ESGE recommends endoscopic ultrasound and abdominal magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) for staging of ampullary tumors.Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.3 ESGE recommends endoscopic papillectomy in patients with ampullary adenoma without intraductal extension, because of good results regarding outcome (technical and clinical success, morbidity, and recurrence).Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence.4 ESGE recommends en bloc resection of ampullary adenomas up to 20–30 mm in diameter to achieve R0 resection, for optimizing the complete resection rate, providing optimal histopathology, and reduction of the recurrence rate after endoscopic papillectomy.Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.5 ESGE suggests considering surgical treatment of ampullary adenomas when endoscopic resection is not feasible for technical reasons (e. g. diverticulum, size > 4 cm), and in the case of intraductal involvement (of > 20 mm). Surveillance thereafter is still mandatory.Weak recommendation, low quality evidence.6 ESGE recommends direct snare resection without submucosal injection for endoscopic papillectomy.Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence.7 ESGE recommends prophylactic pancreatic duct stenting to reduce the risk of pancreatitis after endoscopic papillectomy.Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence.8 ESGE recommends long-term monitoring of patients after endoscopic papillectomy or surgical ampullectomy, based on duodenoscopy with biopsies of the scar and of any abnormal area, within the first 3 months, at 6 and 12 months, and thereafter yearly for at least 5 years.Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.
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