| 1. |
- Munk, P., et al.
(författare)
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Genomic analysis of sewage from 101 countries reveals global landscape of antimicrobial resistance
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to global health. Understanding the emergence, evolution, and transmission of individual antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is essential to develop sustainable strategies combatting this threat. Here, we use metagenomic sequencing to analyse ARGs in 757 sewage samples from 243 cities in 101 countries, collected from 2016 to 2019. We find regional patterns in resistomes, and these differ between subsets corresponding to drug classes and are partly driven by taxonomic variation. The genetic environments of 49 common ARGs are highly diverse, with most common ARGs carried by multiple distinct genomic contexts globally and sometimes on plasmids. Analysis of flanking sequence revealed ARG-specific patterns of dispersal limitation and global transmission. Our data furthermore suggest certain geographies are more prone to transmission events and should receive additional attention.
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| 2. |
- de Zwarte, Sonja M. C., et al.
(författare)
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The association between familial risk and brain abnormalities is disease specific : an ENIGMA-relatives study of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
- 2019
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Ingår i: Biological Psychiatry. - : Elsevier. - 0006-3223 .- 1873-2402. ; 86:7, s. 545-556
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder share genetic liability, and some structural brain abnormalities are common to both conditions. First-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia (FDRs-SZ) show similar brain abnormalities to patients, albeit with smaller effect sizes. Imaging findings in first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder (FDRs-BD) have been inconsistent in the past, but recent studies report regionally greater volumes compared with control subjects.METHODS: We performed a meta-analysis of global and subcortical brain measures of 6008 individuals (1228 FDRs-SZ, 852 FDRs-BD, 2246 control subjects, 1016 patients with schizophrenia, 666 patients with bipolar disorder) from 34 schizophrenia and/or bipolar disorder family cohorts with standardized methods. Analyses were repeated with a correction for intracranial volume (ICV) and for the presence of any psychopathology in the relatives and control subjects.RESULTS: FDRs-BD had significantly larger ICV (d = +0.16, q < .05 corrected), whereas FDRs-SZ showed smaller thalamic volumes than control subjects (d = -0.12, q < .05 corrected). ICV explained the enlargements in the brain measures in FDRs-BD. In FDRs-SZ, after correction for ICV, total brain, cortical gray matter, cerebral white matter, cerebellar gray and white matter, and thalamus volumes were significantly smaller; the cortex was thinner (d < -0.09, q < .05 corrected); and third ventricle was larger (d = +0.15, q < .05 corrected). The findings were not explained by psychopathology in the relatives or control subjects.CONCLUSIONS: Despite shared genetic liability, FDRs-SZ and FDRs-BD show a differential pattern of structural brain abnormalities, specifically a divergent effect in ICV. This may imply that the neurodevelopmental trajectories leading to brain anomalies in schizophrenia or bipolar disorder are distinct.
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| 3. |
- Curtis, Bruce A., et al.
(författare)
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Algal genomes reveal evolutionary mosaicism and the fate of nucleomorphs
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 492:7427, s. 59-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cryptophyte and chlorarachniophyte algae are transitional forms in the widespread secondary endosymbiotic acquisition of photosynthesis by engulfment of eukaryotic algae. Unlike most secondary plastid-bearing algae, miniaturized versions of the endosymbiont nuclei (nucleomorphs) persist in cryptophytes and chlorarachniophytes. To determine why, and to address other fundamental questions about eukaryote-eukaryote endosymbiosis, we sequenced the nuclear genomes of the cryptophyte Guillardia theta and the chlorarachniophyte Bigelowiella natans. Both genomes have >21,000 protein genes and are intron rich, and B. natans exhibits unprecedented alternative splicing for a single-celled organism. Phylogenomic analyses and subcellular targeting predictions reveal extensive genetic and biochemical mosaicism, with both host-and endosymbiont-derived genes servicing the mitochondrion, the host cell cytosol, the plastid and the remnant endosymbiont cytosol of both algae. Mitochondrion-to-nucleus gene transfer still occurs in both organisms but plastid-to-nucleus and nucleomorph-to-nucleus transfers do not, which explains why a small residue of essential genes remains locked in each nucleomorph.
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| 4. |
- Perez-Soriano, Alexandra, et al.
(författare)
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PBB3 Imaging in Parkinsonian disorders: Evidence for binding to abnormally aggregated proteins in addition to tau proteins
- 2017
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Ingår i: Movement Disorders. - : Wiley. - 1531-8257 .- 0885-3185. ; 32:Suppl 2, s. 585-587
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To study selective regional binding for tau pathology in vivo, using PET with [11C]PBB3 ([11C]methylamino pyridin-3-yl buta-1,3-dienyl benzo[d]thiazol-6-ol) in tauopathies, and in conditions not typically associated with tauopathy. Background: Tau imaging is a promising tool to study the link between tau and neurodegeneration. The specificity of tracers in vivo however remains uncertain, and off target binding is frequently present, limiting its use in parkinsonian disorders. Methods: Dynamic PET scans were obtained for 70 min after the bolus injection of [11C]PBB3 (mean dose 518.97MBq) in five PSP subjects, 1 subject with DCTN1 mutation and PSP phenotype,3 asymptomatic SNCA duplication carriers, 1 MSA subject, and 7 healthy controls of similar age. The occipital cortex was used as reference region for the PSP , the DCTN1 mutation and the MSA subjects. The cerebellar white matter was used as a reference region for the SNCA duplication carriers. Tissue reference Logan analysis was applied to each region of interest (ROI) using the appropriate reference region. Results: In PSP subjects, the highest retention of [11C]PBB3 was observed in putamen, midbrain, globus pallidus and substantia nigra. Longer disease duration and more advanced clinical severity were generally associated with higher tracer retention. The DCTN1/PSP phenotype case showed increased binding in putamen, parietal lobe, and globus pallidus. In SNCA duplication carriers there was a significant increase of [11C] PBB3 binding compared to controls in globus pallidus, putamen, thalamus, ventral striatum, substantia nigra, and pedunculopontine nucleus. The MSA case showed increased binding in comparison to the control group in frontal lobe, globus pallidus, midbrain, parietal lobe, putamen, temporal lobe, substantia nigra, thalamus and ventral striatum. Conclusions: All PSP patients showed increased retention of the tracer in the basal ganglia, as clinically expected. However, binding was also present in asymptomatic SNCA duplication carriers as well as the subject with MSA, which are not typically associated with pathological tau deposition. This suggests the possibility that [11C]PBB3 binds to alpha-synuclein or other proteins involved in neurodegeneration.
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| 5. |
- Perez-Soriano, Alexandra, et al.
(författare)
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PBB3 imaging in Parkinsonian disorders : Evidence for binding to tau and other proteins
- 2017
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Ingår i: Movement Disorders. - : Wiley. - 0885-3185. ; 32:7, s. 1016-1024
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To study selective regional binding for tau pathology in vivo, using PET with [(11) C]PBB3 in PSP patients, and other conditions not typically associated with tauopathy.METHODS: Dynamic PET scans were obtained for 70 minutes after the bolus injection of [(11) C]PBB3 in 5 PSP subjects, 1 subject with DCTN1 mutation and PSP phenotype, 3 asymptomatic SNCA duplication carriers, 1 MSA subject, and 6 healthy controls of similar age. Tissue reference Logan analysis was applied to each region of interest using a cerebellar white matter reference region.RESULTS: In comparison to the control group, PSP subjects showed specific uptake of [(11) C]PBB3 in putamen, midbrain, GP, and SN. Longer disease duration and more advanced clinical severity were generally associated with higher tracer retention. A DCTN1/PSP phenotype case showed increased binding in putamen, parietal lobe, and GP. In SNCA duplication carriers, there was a significant increase of [(11) C] PBB3 binding in GP, putamen, thalamus, ventral striatum, SN, and pedunculopontine nucleus. The MSA case showed increased binding in frontal lobe, GP, midbrain, parietal lobe, putamen, temporal lobe, SN, thalamus, and ventral striatum.CONCLUSIONS: All PSP patients showed increased retention of the tracer in the basal ganglia, as expected. Binding was also present in asymptomatic SNCA duplication carriers and in an MSA case, which are not typically associated with pathological tau deposition. This suggests the possibility that [(11) C]PBB3 binds to alpha-synuclein. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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