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Sökning: WFRF:(Nielsen Rasmus) > Karolinska Institutet

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1.
  • Bauer, Michael, et al. (författare)
  • Association between solar insolation and a history of suicide attempts in bipolar I disorder.
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Journal of psychiatric research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1379 .- 0022-3956. ; 113, s. 1-9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In many international studies, rates of completed suicide and suicide attempts have a seasonal pattern that peaks in spring or summer. This exploratory study investigated the association between solar insolation and a history of suicide attempt in patients with bipolar I disorder. Solar insolation is the amount of electromagnetic energy from the Sun striking a surface area on Earth. Data were collected previously from 5536 patients with bipolar I disorder at 50 collection sites in 32 countries at a wide range of latitudes in both hemispheres. Suicide related data were available for 3365 patients from 310 onset locations in 51 countries. 1047 (31.1%) had a history of suicide attempt. There was a significant inverse association between a history of suicide attempt and the ratio of mean winter solar insolation/mean summer solar insolation. This ratio is smallest near the poles where the winter insolation is very small compared to the summer insolation. This ratio is largest near the equator where there is relatively little variation in the insolation over the year. Other variables in the model that were positively associated with suicide attempt were being female, a history of alcohol or substance abuse, and being in a younger birth cohort. Living in a country with a state-sponsored religion decreased the association. (All estimated coefficients p < 0.01). In summary, living in locations with large changes in solar insolation between winter and summer may be associated with increased suicide attempts in patients with bipolar disorder. Further investigation of the impacts of solar insolation on the course of bipolar disorder is needed.
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2.
  • Eriksson, Hanna, et al. (författare)
  • Trend shifts in age-specific incidence for in situ and invasive cutaneous melanoma in sweden
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Cancers. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6694. ; 13:11
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: The incidence of invasive cutaneous melanoma (CM) is increasing in Sweden. The aim was to present age-and sex-specific trends of the age-standardised incidence and the average annual percentage change (AAPC) for in situ and invasive CM. Methods: Joinpoint regression models were used to analyse data from the Swedish Cancer Register and the Swedish Melanoma Registry 1997–2018 (N = 35,350 in situ CM; 59,932 CM). Results: The AAPC of CM for women was 4.5 (4.1–5.0; p < 0.001) for the period 1997–2018. For men, the APCC was 4.2 (3.0–5.4; p < 0.001), with a significantly higher annual percentage change (APC) for the period 2000–2018 (5.0; 4.6–5.4; p < 0.001) compared to 1997–1999. An increasing annual incidence of CM ≤ 0.6 mm and 0.7 mm Breslow tumour thickness was found for men with a significant incidence shift for the period 2006–2015, respectively. Similarly for women, with a significantly higher APC for CM ≤ 0.6 mm from 2005. The incidence of intermediate thick CM (2.1–4.0 mm) has not increased since 2011. The incidence of CM > 4.0 mm has been increasing among both sexes, with a significantly lower APC among women from 2005. Conclusions: The incidence of in situ and low-risk CM ≤ 1.0 mm in tumour thickness has been rising among both sexes since the 2000s.
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3.
  • Gopalakrishnan, Shyam, et al. (författare)
  • The population genomic legacy of the second plague pandemic
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Current Biology. - : Elsevier. - 0960-9822 .- 1879-0445. ; 32:21, s. 4743-4751.e6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Human populations have been shaped by catastrophes that may have left long-lasting signatures in their genomes. One notable example is the second plague pandemic that entered Europe in ca. 1,347 CE and repeatedly returned for over 300 years, with typical village and town mortality estimated at 10%–40%.1 It is assumed that this high mortality affected the gene pools of these populations. First, local population crashes reduced genetic diversity. Second, a change in frequency is expected for sequence variants that may have affected survival or susceptibility to the etiologic agent (Yersinia pestis).2 Third, mass mortality might alter the local gene pools through its impact on subsequent migration patterns. We explored these factors using the Norwegian city of Trondheim as a model, by sequencing 54 genomes spanning three time periods: (1) prior to the plague striking Trondheim in 1,349 CE, (2) the 17th–19th century, and (3) the present. We find that the pandemic period shaped the gene pool by reducing long distance immigration, in particular from the British Isles, and inducing a bottleneck that reduced genetic diversity. Although we also observe an excess of large FST values at multiple loci in the genome, these are shaped by reference biases introduced by mapping our relatively low genome coverage degraded DNA to the reference genome. This implies that attempts to detect selection using ancient DNA (aDNA) datasets that vary by read length and depth of sequencing coverage may be particularly challenging until methods have been developed to account for the impact of differential reference bias on test statistics.
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4.
  • Kessing, Lars Vedel, et al. (författare)
  • DSM-5 and ICD-11 criteria for bipolar disorder: Implications for the prevalence of bipolar disorder and validity of the diagnosis - A narrative review from the ECNP bipolar disorders network.
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7862. ; 47, s. 54-61
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This narrative review summarizes and discusses the implications of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-5 and the upcoming International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11 classification systems on the prevalence of bipolar disorder and on the validity of the DSM-5 diagnosis of bipolar disorder according to the Robin and Guze criteria of diagnostic validity. Here we review and discuss current data on the prevalence of bipolar disorder diagnosed according to DSM-5 versus DSM-IV, and data on characteristics of bipolar disorder in the two diagnostic systems in relation to extended Robin and Guze criteria: 1) clinical presentation, 2) associations with para-clinical data such as brain imaging and blood-based biomarkers, 3) delimitation from other disorders, 4) associations with family history / genetics, 5) prognosis and long-term follow-up, and 6) treatment effects. The review highlights that few studies have investigated consequences for the prevalence of the diagnosis of bipolar disorder and for the validity of the diagnosis. Findings from these studies suggest a substantial decrease in the point prevalence of a diagnosis of bipolar with DSM-5 compared with DSM-IV, ranging from 30-50%, but a smaller decrease in the prevalence during lifetime, corresponding to a 6% reduction. It is concluded that it is likely that the use of DSM-5 and ICD-11 will result in diagnostic delay and delayed early intervention in bipolar disorder. Finally, we recommend areas for future research.
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5.
  • Nielsen, Rasmus Oestergaard, et al. (författare)
  • Statement on methods in sport injury research from the 1st METHODS MATTER Meeting, Copenhagen, 2019
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - : BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 54:15, s. 941-947
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • High quality sports injury research can facilitate sports injury prevention and treatment. There is scope to improve how our field applies best practice methods-methods matter (greatly!). The 1st METHODS MATTER Meeting, held in January 2019 in Copenhagen, Denmark, was the forum for an international group of researchers with expertise in research methods to discuss sports injury methods. We discussed important epidemiological and statistical topics within the field of sports injury research. With this opinion document, we provide the main take-home messages that emerged from the meeting.
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6.
  • Nielsen, Rasmus Ostergaard, et al. (författare)
  • Statement on Methods in Sport Injury Research From the First METHODS MATTER Meeting, Copenhagen, 2019
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy. - : J O S P T. - 0190-6011 .- 1938-1344. ; 50:5, s. 226-233
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • SYNOPSIS: High-quality sports injury research can facilitate sports injury prevention and treatment. There is scope to improve how our field applies best-practice methods-methods matter (greatly!). The first METHODS MATTER meeting, held in January 2019 in Copenhagen, Denmark, was the forum for an international group of researchers with expertise in research methods to discuss sports injury methods. We discussed important epidemiological and statistical topics within the field of sports injury research. With this opinion document, we provide the main take-home messages that emerged from the meeting. Meeting participants agreed that the definition of sport injury depends on the research question and context. It was considered essential to be explicit about the goal of the research effort and to use frameworks to illustrate the assumptions that underpin measurement and the analytical strategy. Complex systems were discussed to illustrate how potential risk factors can interact in a nonlinear way. This approach is often a useful alternative to identifying single risk factors. Investigating changes in exposure status over time is important when analyzing sport injury etiology, and analyzing recurrent injury, subsequent injury, or injury exacerbation remains challenging. The choice of statistical model should consider the research question, injury measure (eg, prevalence, incidence), type and granularity of injury data (categorical or continuous), and study design. Multidisciplinary collaboration will be a cornerstone for future high-quality sport injury research. Working outside professional silos in a diverse, multidisciplinary team benefits the research process, from the formulation of research questions and designs to the statistical analyses and dissemination of study results in implementation contexts. This article has been copublished in the British Journal of Sports Medicine and the Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy.
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7.
  • Vikström, Sofi, et al. (författare)
  • Increasing melanoma incidence and survival trend shifts with improved melanoma-specific survival between 1990 and 2020 in Sweden
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: The British journal of dermatology. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 1365-2133 .- 0007-0963. ; 189:6, s. 702-709
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: The melanoma-specific survival (MSS) is heterogenous between stages and is highly dependent on the T stage for primary localized disease. New systemic therapies for metastatic cutaneous melanoma (CM) have been introduced since 2012 in Sweden.OBJECTIVES: To analyse the incidence and MSS time trends between 1990 and 2020 in Sweden.METHODS: Nationwide, population-based, and prospectively collected clinico-pathological data on invasive CM from the Swedish Melanoma Registry (SweMR) were analysed for survival trends between 1990 and 2020 by using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox Proportional Hazard ratios.RESULTS: In total, 77 036 primary invasive CM were diagnosed in 70 511 patients in Sweden between 1990 and 2020. The 5-year MSS was 88.9% (88.3-89.4) 1990-2000, 89.2% 2001-2010, and 93.0% (92.7-93.9) 2011-2020. The odds ratios for being diagnosed with nodular melanomas (vs. superficial spreading melanoma) was significantly reduced by 20% (2001-2010) and by 46% (2011-2020 vs. 1990-2000). Overall, the MSS improved over both diagnostic periods (2001-2010 and 2011-2020) vs the reference period 1990-2000 among men and women, respectively, (HRmen, 2001-2010: 0.89, 95% CI 0.82-0.96; HRmen, 2011-2020: 0.62, 95% CI 0.56-0.67. HRwomen, 2001-2010: 0.82, 95% CI 0.74-0.91; HRwomen, 2011-2020: 0.62, 95% CI 0.56-0.70). The risk of CM-death was significantly lower in all age groups for both men and women in the most recent diagnostic period (2011-2020 vs. 1990-2000).CONCLUSIONS: The results are emphasizing the improved MSS among both men and women in Sweden. The MSS improvements, specifically for the period 2011-2020, may be correlated to the introduction of new systemic therapies and are here shown for the first time in detail for Sweden.
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