| 1. |
- Papaioannou, Konstantinos-Georgios, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Healthy eating is associated with sarcopenia risk in physically active older adults
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI. - 2072-6643. ; 13:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Healthy Diet and physical activity may play important roles in the maintenance of muscle health during aging. The aim of the present study was to explore the impact of adherence to healthy dietary patterns on sarcopenia risk in a sample of physically active older men and women, while considering adherence to guidelines on muscle strengthening activities (MSA) and protein intake. Based on a sample of 191 physically active men and women (65–70 years), dietary intake was assessed using a 90-items food-frequency-questionnaire (FFQ) and Healthy Diet Score (HDS) was calculated. Physical activity was assessed by accelerometry and self-report. A sarcopenia risk score (SRS) was derived based on three indicators of muscle health: muscle mass was assessed using bio-electrical impedance and handgrip strength and 5 times sit-to-stand (5-STS) were determined by standardized procedures. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to examine differences in SRS and its components across sex-specific tertiles of HDS, with adjustments for covariates including total energy intake, protein intake and MSA. A significant main effect (p < 0.05) of HDS on SRS was observed, where those belonging to the highest HDS tertile had lower SRS compared to those in the lowest tertile. A corresponding significant effect was observed for 5-STS performance, with better performance in those with the highest HDS adherence compared to those with the lowest. The present study supports guidelines emphasizing diet quality beyond amounts of macro-and micronutrients in the prevention of age-related deterioration of muscle health. Importantly, the benefits from healthy dietary patterns are evident in older adults who already adhere to guidelines for health-enhancing physical activity.
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| 2. |
- Ryve, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Kartläggning av forskning om formativ bedömning, klassrumsundervisning och läromedel i matematik : Delrapport från skolforsk-projektet
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The current project focuses on mathematics education, and is partitioned into three subprojects mapping research on formative assessment, classroom teaching, and curriculum programs in mathematics. The rationale for focusing on these three areas is that they are all highly relevant for understanding and improving Swedish mathematics education and students’ knowing of mathematics. Therefore, the aim of the project is to map research on formative assessment, classroom teaching, and curriculum programs in mathematics education.The methodology of the literature review has been inspired by Gough, Oliver, and Thomas (2013), and we have focused on the mapping on journal articles published on Web of Science (WoS).The results from the sample of articles on formative assessment show that strategies of formative assessment in mathematics are positively correlated to students’ performance in mathematics with medium and large effect sizes. However, based on the current mapping it is difficult to specify aspects of how the formative strategies are to be implemented in order to promote students’ knowing of mathematics.Despite the change in perspective of what constitutes knowledge in mathematics to also include reasoning, problem-solving and communication, the map shows that research is mainly focused on examining teaching methods and their effects on students’ skills in mathematics. A closer examination of the studies that do focus on teaching for supporting students in developing competencies like reasoning and problem-solving shows that connections between and comparison of students’ solutions, as well as teachers’ ways of asking questions to support students in explaining their solutions clearly and in detail, are important for students’ learning of these competencies.A central finding stemming from this review of curriculum programs is the complexity involved in how the programs can support teachers in establishing classroom practices. Curriculum resources and teacher resources, as well as other influencing factors, impact the quality of instruction, and studies have begun to point out how curriculum resources and teacher resources uniquely and jointly impact classroom practices. Multiple research articles have expressed the need for teacher support in implementing curriculum programs, by means of professional development, teacher education and support provided by the curriculum programs themselves. Interesting in this regard is the state of the research field concerning the design of educative curriculum programs, and how teachers make use of such support. Studies have proposed design approaches, regarding both the actual development of educative curriculum programs as well as how to use them in teacher education to support prospective teachers’ development of knowledge. Further, although research has revealed that it is important to prepare for teaching in certain ways, we found very little research that explicitly analyzed how teachers actually prepare for teaching a mathematics lesson.Limitations of the project include: (1) the lack of searching in potentially relevant databases, (2) the fact that a relatively small proportion of articles found in the search have been coded, (3) that we have not engaged in deep considerations as to whether and in what ways results from international research are relevant in the Swedish context, and (4) that we therefore have not been able to synthesize the results of the study. In relation to the Swedish context (Hemmi & Ryve, 2014; Boesen et al., 2014), international research (Hattie, 2009; Smith & Stein, 2011), and the current project’s findings, we recommend that Skolforskningsinstitutet focus on two aspects of great importance for developing students’ knowing of mathematics. First, Skolforskningsinstitutet should synthesize research that supports actors, such as teachers and principals, in acting within school practices. In the case of teachers, support is needed to engage them in actively anticipating students’ thinking, using curriculum programs effectively, introducing mathematical content, acting in group work, formatively assessing students’ learning, and orchestrating whole-class mathematical discussions. Secondly, actors within school practices need support not only in initiating and implementing developments but also in institutionalizing such developments. Skolforskningsinstitutet should specify the kind of support needed in order to ensure that material, routines, competences, and organizations become integral and permanent features of Swedish school practice.
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| 3. |
- Sundström, Johan, Professor, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Rationale for a Swedish cohort consortium
- 2019
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Ingår i: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 124:1, s. 21-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We herein outline the rationale for a Swedish cohort consortium, aiming to facilitate greater use of Swedish cohorts for world-class research. Coordination of all Swedish prospective population-based cohorts in a common infrastructure would enable more precise research findings and facilitate research on rare exposures and outcomes, leading to better utilization of study participants' data, better return of funders' investments, and higher benefit to patients and populations. We motivate the proposed infrastructure partly by lessons learned from a pilot study encompassing data from 21 cohorts. We envisage a standing Swedish cohort consortium that would drive development of epidemiological research methods and strengthen the Swedish as well as international epidemiological competence, community, and competitiveness.
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| 4. |
- Angerås, Oskar, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of Thrombus Aspiration on Mortality, Stent Thrombosis, and Stroke in Patients with ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Report From the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Heart Association. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2047-9980. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background-Thrombus aspiration is still being used in a substantial number of patients despite 2 large randomized clinical trials showing no favorable effect of routine thrombus aspiration during primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with STsegment- elevation myocardial infarction. The aim of this observational study was to evaluate the impact of thrombus aspiration on mortality, stent thrombosis, and stroke using all available data from the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry (SCAAR). Methods and Results--We identified 42 829 consecutive patients registered in SCAAR between January 2005 and September 2014 who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction. Thrombus aspiration was used in 25% of the procedures. We used instrumental variable analysis with administrative healthcare region as the treatmentpreference instrumental variable to evaluate the effect of thrombus aspiration on mortality, stent thrombosis, and stroke. Thrombus aspiration was not associated with mortality at 30 days (risk reduction: -1.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] , -5.4 to 3.0; P=0.57) and 1 year (risk reduction: -2.4; 95% CI, -7.6 to 3.0; P=0.37). Thrombus aspiration was associated with a lower risk of stent thrombosis both at 30 days (risk reduction: -2.7; 95% CI, -4.1 to -1.4; P < 0.001) and 1 year (risk reduction: -3.5; 95% CI, -5.3 to -1.7; P < 0.001). In-hospital stroke and neurologic complications did not differ between groups (risk reduction: 0.1; 95% CI, -0.8 to 1.1; P=0.76). Conclusions--Mortality was not different between the groups. Thrombus aspiration was associated with decreased risk of stent thrombosis. Our study provides important evidence for the external validity of previous randomized studies regarding mortality.
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| 5. |
- Bartha, Erzsebet, et al.
(författare)
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Combining functional dependency and ASA III classification for risk stratification-predictors, risk factors, and outcomes following major surgery study (NCT02626546)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 61:8, s. 1011-1011
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: In elderly reclassification of ASA3 class by functional dependency improved prediction of postoperative mortality. We hypothesized that such a reclassification could improve the risk prediction of adverse outcomes also following high risk surgery.Method: We analyzed data collected by the PROFS study in four Swedish academic hospitals. The inclusion criteria were: adults, ASA≥3, major or xmajor/complex surgery (UK surgical severity coding). ASA 3 patients were reclassified into ASA 3a (functionally independent) and 3b (functionally dependent). The adverse outcomes were postoperative complications (yes/no) screened by Postoperative Morbidity Survey (days 3, 7, 10) and mortality (30-day). Complications graded ≥2 by Clavien-Dindo classification were considered. The predictive value of reclassification was analyzed by logistic regression models.Results: Between 2015 Nov2th and 2016 Feb19th 1089 patients were include; 13 were excluded (violation of inclusion criteria), 3 were lost to follow-up and 1073 were analyzed. ASA 3b (vs ASA 3a) patients had higher risk for mortality and for postoperative complications at days 7 and 10. ASA 4 (vs ASA 3) patients had higher risk of all adverse outcomes (Table 1). When age was added in the regression model ASA 3b patients still had higher risk for postoperative complications at day 10, but the significance disappeared when also urgency was added.Conclusion: The loss of significance by adding urgency in the model might be attributed to the dominance of urgent procedures in ASA3b and ASA4 groups. Reclassification of ASA 3 patients by dependency is recommended, as it may predict adverse outcomes and support clinical judgment.
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| 6. |
- Bartha, Erzsebet, et al.
(författare)
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Performance of prediction models of postoperative mortality in high-risk surgical patients in swedish university hospitals : Predictors, Risk factors and Outcome Following major Surgery study (PROFS study NCT02626546)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 61:8, s. 1056-1057
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: There are several progn ostic prediction models that estimate the probability of postoperative mortality. The role of these models is to support clinical decisions. Before implementation of a prediction model in routine care, it is necessary to analyze its performance in the target population. Our aim was to analyze the performance of four different prediction models of postoperative mortality in a high-risk surgical population.Methods: Data collected from 2015-11-01 until 2016-02-15 in a prospective consecutive observational study (PROFS study) in four university hospitals was used. The inclusion criteria were adult, ASA classification ≥3, and major/complex upper or lower gastrointestinal, urogenital or orthoped ic surgery (UK surgical severity codingA XA PPP). Four prediction models were evaluated: Surgical Outcome Risk Tool (SORT), Surgical APGAR, P-POSSUM and Surgical Risk Scale (SRS). The outcome measure was 90-day mortality. We evaluated the discrimination of the models by area under receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC ROC) before and after recalibration.Results: In total, 1 089 patients were included. Thirteen patients were excluded due to erroneous inclusion, and another three were lost to follow-up, so data from 1 073 was used in this analysis. The mean age was 73 years, the presence of malignancy was 41%, and 90-day mortality was 13% (n = 140). The SORT model had the best discrimination both before and after recalibration. The P-POSSUM model improved after recalibration. The SRS model overestimated, whereas the APGAR model underestimated, the risk of mortality.Conclusions: The original SORT model is promising and could be incorporated as decision support for high-risk surgical patients.
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| 7. |
- Bauset, Celia, et al.
(författare)
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Nuts and Metabolic Syndrome : Reducing the Burden of Metabolic Syndrome in Menopause
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI. - 2072-6643. ; 14:8
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Menopause imposes a dramatic fall in estrogens, which is followed by an increase in the proportion of fat. The rising androgen/estrogen ratio along the menopause transition favors the accumulation of central fat, which contributes to insulin resistance and a series of concatenated effects, leading to a higher incidence of metabolic syndrome. The modulatory effect of diet on the metabolic syndrome phenotype has been shown for the Mediterranean diet, and nuts are key determinants of these health benefits. This review of the impact of nuts on the risk factors of the metabolic syndrome cluster examined studies-prioritizing meta-analyses and systemic reviews-to summarize the potential benefits of nut ingestion on the risk of metabolic syndrome associated with menopause. Nuts have a general composition profile that includes macronutrients, with a high proportion of unsaturated fat, bioactive compounds, and fiber. The mechanisms set in motion by nuts have shown different levels of efficacy against the disturbances associated with metabolic syndrome, but a beneficial impact on lipids and carbohydrate metabolism, and a potential, but minimal reduction in blood pressure and fat accumulation have been found.
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| 8. |
- Bergens, Oscar, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between Circulating Inflammatory Biomarkers and Indicators of Muscle Health in Older Men and Women
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Medicine. - : MDPI. - 2077-0383. ; 10:22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Systemic inflammation is believed to contribute to declining muscle health during aging. The present study aims to examine associations between indicators of muscle health and pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers in older men and women, while also considering the impacts of physical activity and protein intake. An assessment of skeletal muscle index (SMI) by bioelectrical impedance analysis, handgrip strength, and 5-sit-to-stand time, using standardized procedures, was conducted in a population of older men (n = 90) and women (n = 148) aged 65-70 years. The inflammatory biomarkers C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α were assessed in blood samples. Data were analyzed and stratified according to biological sex using multiple linear regression models. In older women, SMI was inversely associated with the pro-inflammatory markers CRP (β = -0.372; p < 0.05), fibrinogen (β = -0.376; p < 0.05), and IL-6 (β = -0.369; p < 0.05). Importantly, these associations were independent of abdominal adiposity (waist circumference), protein intake, physical activity level, as well as any adherence to muscle strengthening guidelines (≥2 sessions/week). In contrast, no corresponding associations were observed in men. In conclusion, our findings indicate the detrimental influence of a pro-inflammatory environment on muscle health regardless of important lifestyle-related factors in older women. However, the lack of such associations in older men highlights the importance of considering biological sex when examining the complex interaction between the systemic inflammatory environment and muscle health.
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| 9. |
- Bergens, Oscar, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiorespiratory Fitness Does Not Offset Adiposity-Related Systemic Inflammation in Physically Active Older Women
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : Williams & Wilkins Co.. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 104:9, s. 4119-4126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CONTEXT: Chronic inflammation increases diabetes risk and may be exacerbated by excess adipose tissue. Whether cardiovascular fitness can offset chronic inflammation associated with excess adipose tissue in older adults is unclear.OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to examine the influence of cardiorespiratory fitness on links between adiposity and pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers related to metabolic risk in physically active older women.DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Cross-sectional study comprising older community-dwelling women (n = 109; age, 65-70 yr).MAIN OUTCOME: Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed using a standardized submaximal test and participants were categorized into high and low adiposity-related metabolic risk (body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and total fat mass). The inflammatory biomarkers C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, IL-18, adiponectin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP-1α) were analyzed.RESULTS: Regardless of adiposity measure, women in the metabolic high-risk group had significantly (P<0.05) elevated CRP and lower adiponectin levels. Levels of IL-6 and MIP1-α were significantly elevated in the high-risk group defined by WHR and total fat mass. IL-18 level was significantly elevated in the high-risk group based on WHR only. Importantly, a high cardiorespiratory fitness level did not attenuate the detrimental links between adiposity measures and inflammation.CONCLUSIONS: Altogether, cardiorespiratory fitness does not offset the detrimental links between adiposity and several inflammatory biomarkers related to metabolic risk in physically active older women. Reducing abdominal adipose tissue in older adults should be emphasized in efforts aiming to attenuate age-related systemic inflammation and metabolic risk regardless of cardiorespiratory fitness.
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| 10. |
- Bergens, Oscar, 1991-
(författare)
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Chronic Systemic Inflammation, Body Composition and Physical Activity Behaviours in Older Adults
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ageing is associated with a gradual physical decline accompanied by changes in body composition. The occurrence of a low-grade yet chronic state of systemic inflammation has gained interest for its potential consequences in the ageing process. Importantly, a physically active lifestyle may promote the maintenance of muscle mass, reduction in adipose tissue, and alleviate progression of a chronic pro-inflammatory state. The overall aim of this thesis was to explore relationships between biomarkers of systemic inflammation, body composition, and physical activity behaviours in community-dwelling older adults aged 65 to 70 years.A main finding of the thesis is the existence of associations between body composition and systemic inflammation in older adults, where excess adipose tissue is adversely associated with levels of inflammatory biomarkers in older women. Inverse associations were also observed between muscle mass and levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers in older women. This thesis also highlights sex-specific associations between systemic inflammation and physical activity behaviours. Longer time spent sedentary was also associated with higher levels of proinflammatory biomarkers in older women and lower level of antiinflammatory biomarkers in older men. Reallocating time spent in activities of lower intensities with higher intensities was associated with lower levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers in older women. Overall, the findings of this thesis support efforts promoting physical activity at the expense of sedentary time in order to combat age-related systemic inflammation and metabolic risk in older adults.
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