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- Bergquist, Magnus, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Contest-based and norm-based interventions: (How) do they differ in attitudes, norms, and behaviors?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 11:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Setting up a contest is a popular means to promote pro-environmental behaviors. Yet, research on contest-based interventions is scarce while norm-based interventions have gained much attention. In two field experiments, we randomly assigned 79 apartments to either a contest-based or a norm-based electricity conservation intervention and measured kWh usage for 2 and 4 weeks, respectively. Results from both studies showed that contest-based interventions promote intensive but short-lived electricity saving. In Study 1 apartments assigned to a norm-based intervention showed more stable electricity saving (low intensity and long-lasting). Study 2 did not replicate this finding, but supported that participants in the norm-based intervention also engaged in non-targeted behaviors. These results emphasize the importance of identifying how different intervention techniques may activate different goals, framing both how people think about and act upon targeted pro-environmental behaviors.
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| 2. |
- Bergquist, Magnus, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Contests versus norms: Implications of contest-based and norm-based intervention techniques
- 2017
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2017 Bergquist, Nilsson and Hansla. Interventions using either contests or norms can promote environmental behavioral change. Yet research on the implications of contest-based and norm-based interventions is lacking. Based on Goal-framing theory, we suggest that a contest-based intervention frames a gain goal promoting intensive but instrumental behavioral engagement. In contrast, the norm-based intervention was expected to frame a normative goal activating normative obligations for targeted and non-targeted behavior and motivation to engage in pro-environmental behaviors in the future. In two studies participants (n = 347) were randomly assigned to either a contest- or a norm-based intervention technique. Participants in the contest showed more intensive engagement in both studies. Participants in the norm-based intervention tended to report higher intentions for future energy conservation (Study 1) and higher personal norms for non-targeted pro-environmental behaviors (Study 2). These findings suggest that contest-based intervention technique frames a gain goal, while norm-based intervention frames a normative goal.
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| 3. |
- Bergquist, Magnus, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Experiencing a severe weather event increases concern about climate change
- 2019
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change is primarily driven by human-caused greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and may therefore be mitigated by changes to human behavior (Clayton et al., 2015; IPCC, 2018). Despite efforts to raise awareness and concern about climate change, GHG emissions continue to rise (IPCC, 2018). Climate change seems to be at odds with the immediate, present threats to which humans are adapted to cope (Gifford et al., 2009; Schultz, 2014; van Vugt et al., 2014). In contrast to immediate dangers, climate change is typically abstract, large scale, slow and often unrelated to the welfare of our daily lives (e.g., Ornstein and Ehrlich, 1989; Gifford, 2011). But there are moments when the consequences of climate change are readily apparent, such as extreme weather events. In the current paper, we examine the impact of personal experience with an extreme weather event, and the impact of this experience on beliefs about climate change, and intentions to take actions that can help prepare for and mitigate the consequences of climate change.
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| 4. |
- Bergquist, Magnus, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Feeling or following? A field-experiment comparing social norms-based and emotions-based motives encouraging pro-environmental donations
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Consumer Behaviour. - : Wiley. - 1472-0817 .- 1479-1838. ; 19:4, s. 351-358
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we design and explore interventions encouraging pro-environmental donations by testing social norms and anticipated positive emotions. The social norms-based intervention included descriptive and injunctive social normative information while the emotions-based intervention included information about anticipated positive emotions. The two intervention techniques were tested in a field-experiment; applying social norms-based or emotions-based messages to a real choice situation between retaining versus donating one's own money (i.e., using recycling machines giving people the choice to either retain money obtained from their recycled bottles, or to donate their money to a pro-environmental organization). Results showed that more people donated their money after being exposed to the emotions-based message, than the social norms-based message or no message.
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| 5. |
- Bergquist, Magnus, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Meta-analyses of fifteen determinants of public opinion about climate change taxes and laws
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Climate Change. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1758-678X .- 1758-6798. ; 12, s. 235-240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Public acceptance is a precondition for implementing taxes and laws aimed at mitigating climate change. However, it still remains challenging to understand its determinants for the climate community. Here, we use a meta-analytic approach to examine the role of public opinion about climate change taxes and laws. Fifteen variables were examined by synthesizing 89 datasets from 51 articles across 33 countries, with a total sample of 119,465 participants. Among all factors, perceived fairness and effectiveness were the most important determinants. Self-enhancement values and knowledge about climate change showed weak relationships and demographic variables showed only weak or close to zero effects. Our meta-analytic results provide useful insights and have the potential to inform climate change researchers, practitioners and policymakers to better design climate policy instruments.
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| 6. |
- Bergquist, Magnus, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Minding the gap: Influence of distance between own behavior and social norms on energy conservation intentions
- 2015
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Ingår i: 11th Biennial Conference on Environmental Psychology, Groningen 2015.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Two studies examined if influence of social norms are affected by distances between one’s own behavior and others behavior (norm distance). In the first experiment, including norm distance, feedback unit (kwh, SEK) and perceived importance, hypotheses were derived based on social comparison theory. Results from experiment 1 (n = 104) showed that distal norm distance elicited greatest energy conservation intentions in the norm alignment (i.e. congruent descriptive and injunctive norms) condition. Feedback unit did not affect the influence of norm distance; however, an interaction was found, suggesting that the influence of feedback unit on energy conservation intentions interacts with perceived importance of energy conservation. Finally, importance of energy conservation intentions showed a main effect of energy conservation intentions. Experiment 2 (n = 122) showed that the influence of aligned norm distance on energy conservation intentions followed a positive linear trend. Although influenced by unpredicted gender interactions, experiment 2 supported that norm distance and frequency of descriptive norms are separate processes, and replicated the main effect of importance of energy conservation. Taken together, these results suggest an effect of norm distance in normative influence. This effect seems to be better explained by heuristic processing rather than social comparison processes.
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| 7. |
- Bergquist, Magnus, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Minding the Gap: Normative Influence on Energy Conservation Intentions
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Congress of Psychology 2015, Milan. - 9788898116225
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The study examine the gap between an induced norm and behavior (norm distance), applied to energy behaviors. Results show that con gruent descriptive and injunctive norms produce more conformity and stronger motivation compared to incongruent descriptive and injunctive norms. In the congruent norm condition more distal norms yield greater influence. The ambiguous unity (kWh) produce higher motivation compared to the dis -ambiguous unity (SEK).
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| 8. |
- Bergquist, Magnus, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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The DOs and DON'Ts in Social Norms: A descriptive Don't-norm increases conformity
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Theoretical Social Psychology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2475-0387. ; 3:3, s. 158-166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Descriptive norms guide social behavior by informing what other people do. In a conceptual proposition, we suggest that descriptive norms also could signal what other people don’t do. Building on the evolutionary predisposition to more urgently attend to negative than positive information, we hypothesize that people are more strongly influenced by choices that other people avoid, than by choices that other people choose. Descriptive data in three experiments consistently demonstrated that more participants conformed to information about what other people don’t do (i.e., the don’t‐norm) than information about what other people do (i.e., the do‐norm). We found that don’t‐norms more strongly influenced pro‐environmental choices related to both energy efficiency (Experiment 1) and sustainable food consumption (Experiments 2 and 3). The increased influence of the don’t‐norm were supported in two cultures (Sweden and USA), in two decision contexts (accepting and rejecting), and when using two wordings (want vs. avoid and preferred vs. unpreferred). These results suggest that descriptive do‐ and don’t‐norms are conceptually distinct and that don’t‐norms exert stronger influential power.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Bergquist, Magnus, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Using social norms in smart meters: the norm distance effect
- 2018
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Ingår i: Energy Efficiency. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1570-646X .- 1570-6478. ; 11:8, s. 2101-2109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2018, The Author(s). Normative feedback has shown to promote energy conservation, indicating that people are motivated to adjust their energy usage to others. Yet, the effect of social norms is conditional. Adding to past research, we proposed a norm distance effect, hypothesizing that the influential power of social norms increases as others’ behavior comes closer to peoples’ own behavior. In two experiments, we provided participants with normative information on energy usage through fictive smart phone applications. Results first conceptually replicated the norm alignment effect, showing that participants adjusted their energy usage intentions more when other peoples engaged in the approved rather than the disapproved behavior. In line with our norm distance hypothesis, both experiments found that people are more likely to adjust their behavior intentions to others as others’ behaviors come closer to their own behavior. These experiments contribute to past research on normative influence through smart meters, suggesting that norm distance can refine normative feedback promoting energy conservation.
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