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- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Violent behavior, impulsive decision-making, and anterograde amnesia while intoxicated with Flunitrazepam and alcohol or other drugs : A case study in forensic psychiatric patients
- 2002
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Ingår i: The journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law. - Bloomfield, CT, USA. - 1093-6793 .- 1943-3662. ; 30:2, s. 238-251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is known that many male juvenile delinquents commit violent crimes while intoxicated with flunitrazepam (FZ), often in combination with alcohol or other drugs. We have also noted the combined abuse of FZ with, for example, alcohol in male forensic psychiatric patients. Our objective was to study violent behavior, impulsive decision making, and amnesia in male forensic psychiatric patients who were intoxicated predominantly with FZ, to increase knowledge of the abuse of FZ in vulnerable subjects. We studied five forensic psychiatric patients, all of whom were assessed in 1998. All of the subjects reported earlier reactions to FZ, including hostility and anterograde amnesia. At the time of their crimes they were all intoxicated with FZ, often in combination with alcohol or other drugs, such as amphetamine or cannabis. In contrast to their behavior based on their ordinary psychological characteristics, their crimes were extremely violent, and the subjects lacked both the ability to think clearly and to have empathy with their victims. Our observations support the view that FZ abuse can lead to serious violent behavior in subjects characterized by vulnerable personality traits, and that this effect is confounded by the concurrent use of alcohol or other drugs. It is evident that FZ causes anterograde amnesia. Previous research and the results presented herein allow us to draw the following conclusion: on the basis of the neuropsychopharmacologic properties of FZ, legal decisions, such as declaring FZ an illegal drug, are needed in countries where it is now legal.
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- Hwang, Philip, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Utvecklingspsykologi
- 2019
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Utvecklingspsykologi leder läsaren genom hela livet – över fostertiden, spädbarnsåren, förskoleåren, tidiga skolår, ungdomsåren och vuxenåren. För varje period beskrivs centrala aspekter av den fysiska, kognitiva och socioemotionella utvecklingen. Vardagsnära exempel och många illustrationer levandegör texten och skapar förståelse. Denna fjärde utgåva är kraftigt reviderad och uppdaterad bland annat med kunskap om olika typer av familjekonstellationer och kontexter, könsidentitet och nya rön när det gäller hjärnan och inom genetik. Boken riktar sig till studerande och verksamma inom områden där kunskap om individens utveckling är central såsom förskola, skola, hälso- och sjukvård, psykiatri och socialtjänst.
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- Nilsson, Thomas, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Aggressive Antisocial Behaviors Are Related to Character Maturity in Young Swedish Violent Offenders Independent of ADHD
- 2016
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychiatry. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-0640. ; 7:NOV, s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Antisocial personality and psychopathic traits have constantly been found to accompany criminal and aggressive behaviors, but little attention has been given to aspects of character maturity and its relation to such behaviors. The present study investigated (1) whether level of character maturity (low, medium, and high) is associated with amount of aggressive antisocial behaviors (AABs) and psychopathic traits in young men imprisoned for violent criminality, and (2) whether such an association is independent of coexisting attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: Swedish males (N = 270, aged 18–25) sentenced to prison for violent and/or sexual criminality in the western region of the Swedish Prison and Probation Service underwent a thorough clinical examination during their in carceration. Data on character maturity, as measured by the character dimensions Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness of the Temperament and Character Inventory, were available for n = 148 subjects and were used to divide these offenders into three groups with low, medium, and high character maturity. These groups were then compared for variables reflecting criminal history, a DSM-IV diagnosis of ADHD, conduct disorder (CD) and substance use disorders (SUD), aggressive behaviors, and psychopathic traits. Results: Character maturity was consistently associated with less AABs and psychopathic personality traits; the group with the highest character maturity showed: (i) a later age at on set of criminality, (ii) a smaller number of prior violent criminal acts, (iii) lower prevalence of ADHD, CD, and SUD, (iv) less self-rated and expert-rated aggressive behaviors, and (v) less psychopathic traits. The association between character maturity and aggressive behaviors/psychopathic personality traits remained even when ADHD was controlled for. The only exception was sexual criminality, where the group with the highest character maturity contained the largest amount of sexual offenders. Conclusion: Higher character maturity appeared to be a protective factor among young male violent offenders, associated with less AABs, suggesting that character maturity isa promising target for treatment interventions for this group of individuals.
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