| 1. |
- Berg, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Manganese in the litter fall-forest floor continuum of boreal and temperate pine and spruce forest ecosystems : a review
- 2015
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 358, s. 248-260
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have reviewed the literature on the role of manganese (Mn) in the litter fall-to-humus subsystem. Available data gives a focus on North European coniferous forests. Manganese concentrations in pine (Pinus spp.) foliar litter are highly variable both spatially and temporally within the same litter species and for the genus Pinus we found a range from 0.03 to 3.7mgg-1. Concentrations were related negatively to site mean annual temperature (MAT) and annual actual evapotranspiration (AET) for pine species litter but not for that of Norway spruce (Picea abies) as a single species. Combined data for several species showed a highly significant relationship to MAT.Manganese peroxidase is an Mn-dependent enzyme, found in white-rot fungi, essential for the degradation of lignin and ligninlike compounds. The decomposition rates of lignified litter tissue (late phase) is positively related to the litter’s Mn concentration. Further, the Mn concentration is positively related to the limit value for decomposition - the higher the Mn concentration the smaller the stable litter fraction. Manganese release from decomposing litter appears at least in part to be species related. Thus was release from pine needle litter significantly faster (p<. 0.001) than that from the Mn-richer litter of Norway spruce. Over Northern Europe concentrations of total Mn in mor humus as well as extractable Mn in the mineral soil increase with decreasing MAT and over a climatic gradient the Mn concentrations in Norway spruce mor increase more with decreasing MAT than in a gradient with Scots pine. Higher Mn concentrations in humus appear to decrease its stability and result in a higher release of carbon dioxide (CO2) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). We conclude that this may explain (i) the lower amount of carbon (C) in mor layers under Norway spruce as compared to Scots pine as well as the higher amount of C in mineral soil under spruce. The increase in nitrogen (N) concentration in humus, following N fertilization resulted in a decrease in that of Mn. We have found four cases - empirical - with negative interaction between Mn and N; (i) in pine foliar litter fall concentrations of Mn decrease with site MAT whereas those of N increase, (ii) in decomposing late-stage litter with N retarding and Mn stimulating decomposition, (iii) for the stable phase, limit values are related negatively to N and positively to Mn, and (iv) Mn concentrations in humus decrease with MAT whereas those of N increase.
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| 2. |
- McGinn, Steven, et al.
(författare)
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New Technologies for DNA analysis-A review of the READNA Project.
- 2016
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Ingår i: New Biotechnology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-4347 .- 1871-6784.
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The REvolutionary Approaches and Devices for Nucleic Acid analysis (READNA) project received funding from the European Commission for 4 1/2 years. The objectives of the project revolved around technological developments in nucleic acid analysis. The project partners have discovered, created and developed a huge body of insights into nucleic acid analysis, ranging from improvements and implementation of current technologies to the most promising sequencing technologies that constitute a 3(rd) and 4(th) generation of sequencing methods with nanopores and in situ sequencing, respectively.
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| 3. |
- Durante, M., et al.
(författare)
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All the fun of the FAIR: fundamental physics at the facility for antiproton and ion research
- 2019
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Ingår i: Physica Scripta. - : IOP Publishing. - 1402-4896 .- 0031-8949. ; 94:3
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) will be the accelerator-based flagship research facility in many basic sciences and their applications in Europe for the coming decades. FAIR will open up unprecedented research opportunities in hadron and nuclear physics, in atomic physics and nuclear astrophysics as well as in applied sciences like materials research, plasma physics and radiation biophysics with applications towards novel medical treatments and space science. FAIR is currently under construction as an international facility at the campus of the GSI Helmholtzzentrum for Heavy-Ion Research in Darmstadt, Germany. While the full science potential of FAIR can only be harvested once the new suite of accelerators and storage rings is completed and operational, some of the experimental detectors and instrumentation are already available and will be used starting in summer 2018 in a dedicated research program at GSI, exploiting also the significantly upgraded GSI accelerator chain. The current manuscript summarizes how FAIR will advance our knowledge in various research fields ranging from a deeper understanding of the fundamental interactions and symmetries in nature to a better understanding of the evolution of the Universe and the objects within.
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| 4. |
- Gudbjörnsdottir, Soffia, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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[The National Diabetes Registry 1996-2003. Quality assessment shows improved diabetic care]
- 2004
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Ingår i: Lakartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 101:47, s. 3790, 3793-7
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish National Diabetes Register presents results during the period 1996-2003. Quality of care data from more than 75,000 diabetic patients (2003) treated at medical departments and primary health care centres are evaluated concerning national goals of HbA1c < 6.5% and BP < 140/85 mm Hg, the prevalence of lipid treatment, smoking etc. The national goals of HbA1c and BP were reached with increasing degree in cross-sectional analysis during the period, and were achieved by 33% and 71% at medical departments, and by 61% and 48% in primary health care in 2003. A similar tendency was also seen in longitudinal analysis of subgroups 1996-2003. The use of antihypertensive and lipid-lowering drugs was also considerably increased. This should imply a reduction of the risk for diabetic complications. As the national goals are still difficult to reach, individual goals should be set for the treatment.
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| 5. |
- Heller, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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The Relationship Between Physical Housing Characteristics, Housing Accessibility and Different Aspects of Health Among Community-Dwelling Older People : A Systematic Review
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Aging and Health. - : SAGE Publications Inc.. - 0898-2643 .- 1552-6887. ; 36:1-2, s. 120-132
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives : To synthesize the evidence on the relationships between physical housing characteristics or housing accessibility and different aspects of health among community-dwelling people 60 years and older. Methods : A systematic review of recent evidence with a narrative synthesis was conducted. Results : We included 15 studies and found three themes covering physical housing characteristics or housing accessibility that are associated with aspects of health among community-dwelling older adults: (1) interventions by home modifications targeting housing features both at entrances and indoors; (2) non-interventions targeting indoor features; (3) non-interventions targeting entrance features, that is, the presence of an elevator or stairs at the entrance. The overall quality of evidence across studies was assessed as very low. Discussion : The findings highlight the need for studies with a stronger research design and higher methodological quality that address the physical housing environment in relation to health among older adults to strengthen the body of evidence.
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| 6. |
- Hultberg, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Homocystein--markör för kärlsjukdom hos aldre med psykisk sjukdom.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 105:38, s. 2576-2578
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many studies have reported higher total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) in elderly patients with mental illness than in control subjects. There are many different determinants of plasma tHcy concentration, including age, cobalamin/folate status, renal function and the presence of vascular disease. The presence of vascular disease may contribute to cognitive impairment. We have investigated elderly patients with regard to plasma tHcy and the presence of vascular disease. Clarification of the role of vascular risk factors in mental illness is important because most are modifiable, in contrast to other risk factors such as age and genetics. The main findings in our studies imply that elevated plasma tHcy concentration in elderly patients with mental illness is mainly associated with the presence of vascular disease and is not related to the specific psychogeriatric diagnosis. Furthermore, it seems possible that the control of conventional vascular risk factors could be guided by the level of plasma tHcy, serum cystatin C, and serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide. Patients with an elevation of any of these parameters could be selected for a lower target level of vascular risk factors such as blood pressure cholesterol etc. than conventional target levels.
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| 7. |
- Iwarsson, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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People with Parkinson's disease and housing issues : A scoping review
- 2022
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Ingår i: Health Science Reports. - : Wiley. - 2398-8835. ; 5:2
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aims: There is evidence that housing issues are associated with health outcomes as people age, but little is known in this respect regarding the specific population of people with Parkinson's disease (PD). The objective of this literature review was to identify and analyze the knowledge gap concerning people with PD and housing issues. Methods: Applying established guidelines for scoping reviews, a systematic literature search was done in relevant databases applying the following inclusion criteria: empirical studies including human participants with PD, addressing housing in the objective, hypothesis or research questions, and published in English in peer-reviewed journals. Data were analyzed using a framework of domains, factors, and variables influencing housing decisions among older people. Results: Twelve publications were identified, originating from a few researchers and with very different scopes. While the social dimension was scarcely attended to, the publications addressed all six domains of the analytical framework and 30% of the variables specified therein, but many were only used for descriptive purposes. Conclusion: This scoping review reveals that there is a substantial knowledge gap regarding people with PD and housing issues. The knowledge gap is most evident in the social dimension, while the studies identified provide more information relating to the health dimension than what is the case in research on housing targeting the general aging population. Because society urgently needs evidence to support the development of housing policies and provide suitable housing for this vulnerable population, more research targeting people with PD and housing issues is warranted.
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| 8. |
- Jonsson, Axelina, et al.
(författare)
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Will intensity of forest regeneration measures improve volume production and economy?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 37, s. 200-212
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The prevailing regeneration methods in Scandinavian countries are artificial regeneration methods including measures such as site preparation and planting. These measures are considered to be a part of a more intensive forest management and require an initial investment. The use of artificial regeneration measures can, however, increase the growth of a forest stand. In this study, the purpose was to investigate if such an investment is profitable by comparing three different intensity levels (low, medium and high) applied during the regeneration phase, with aspect on both economics (LEV, land expectation value) and growth (MAI, mean annual increment) after a full rotation. The forest stands used in this study were regenerated between 1984 and 1988 and the future growth of the stands was simulated using Heureka StandWise. It was clear that naturally regenerated (low intensity) stands resulted in better economics than stands actively regenerated (medium and high intensity). However, actively regenerated stands resulted in both higher volume production and growth, and the uncertainty of regeneration success was reduced using artificial regeneration measures. These factors are important when considering both the ongoing mitigation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and future access to raw material.
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| 9. |
- Koos, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Next-Generation Pathology : Surveillance of Tumor Microecology
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Molecular Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-2836 .- 1089-8638. ; 427:11, s. 2013-2022
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- A tumor is a heterogeneous population of cells that provides an environment in which every cell resides in a microenvironmental niche. Microscopic evaluation of tissue sections, based on histology and immunohistochemistry, has been a cornerstone in pathology for decades. However, the dawn of novel technologies to investigate genetic aberrations is currently adopted in routine molecular pathology. We herein describe our view on how recent developments in molecular technologies, focusing on proximity ligation assay and padlock probes, can be applied to merge the two branches of pathology, allowing molecular profiling under histologic observation. We also discuss how the use of image analysis will be pivotal to obtain information at a cellular level and to interpret holistic images of tissue sections. By understanding the cellular communications in the microecology of tumors, we will be at a better position to predict disease progression and response to therapy.
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| 10. |
- Kotarsky, Knut, et al.
(författare)
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Progress in methodology improved reporter gene assays used to identify ligands acting on orphan seven-transmembrane receptors.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Pharmacology and Toxicology. - : Wiley. - 1600-0773 .- 0901-9928. ; 93:6, s. 249-258
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors play a central role in physiology by facilitating cell communication through recognition of a wide range of ligands. Even more important, they represent important drug targets. Unfortunately, for many of these receptors the endogenous ligands, and hence their functions, remain to be identified. These receptors are referred to as "orphan" receptors. A pre-requisite for the identification of ligands activating orphan receptors is powerful assay systems. Until now, reporter gene assays have not been in common use in this process. Here, we summarize our development of improved reporter gene assays. We optimized reporter gene assays in respect of (i) the promoter region of the construct, (ii) the reporter enzyme used, (iii) and the assay procedure. Furthermore, an unique fluorescence-based clone selection step was introduced, allowing rapid selection of the most sensitive reporter cell clones when establishing stable reporter cell lines. Mathematical formulae are provided to enable a simple and reliable comparison between different cell lines, when tested with a compound of interest. The resulting reporter cell lines responded in a very sensitive way to the stimulation of various test receptors. The reporter system was termed HighTRACE® (high-throughput reporter assay with clone election). Its high assay quality makes it suitable as a primary screening tool. Ligands for two recently unknown 7TM receptors were identified using the HighTRACE® system i.e., two cell surface free fatty acid receptors, GPR40 (FFA1R) and GPR43 (FFA2R). The identification was accomplished using a reverse pharmacology approach.
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