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- Allard, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Rasbiologiskt språkbruk i statens rättsprocess mot sameby : DN Debatt 2015-06-11
- 2015
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Statens hantering av forskningsresultat i rättsprocessen med Girjas sameby utgör ett hot mot Sverige som rättsstat och kunskapsnation. Åratal av svensk och internationell forskning underkänns och man använder ett språkbruk som skulle kunna vara hämtat från rasbiologins tid. Nu måste staten ta sitt ansvar och börja agera som en demokratisk rättsstat, skriver 59 forskare.
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- Dietrich, Anna, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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A long-term phytometer study to evaluate stream restoration along climate and discharge gradients
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Simplified channel morphology caused by the channelization of rivers to facilitatetimber floating resulted in a less variable flow regime with faster flows in the mainchannel. Restoration measures aiming to counteract these impacts, such as the returnof boulders to the channel and the reconnection of the riparian zone with instreamhabitats, are expected to create a higher, more natural hydrological variability andenhance riparian site quality. In this study, we analysed the number and duration offlooding events at channelized and restored river reaches with an indirect methodusing diurnal temperature oscillation. In a long-term field experiment, we evaluatedthe effect of flooding regime on riparian plant performance by measuring survival andbiomass increment of two transplanted phytometer species, a grass (Molinia caerulea)and a forb (Filipendula ulmaria). We found that flow variability was significantlyhigher at restored compared to channelized sites in medium-sized and large streams,particularly during summer months. Phytometer performance was better at restoredsites and positively correlated with summer flooding, indicating that a more variableflow after restoration improved site conditions for phytometer growth. This may notonly result from the higher heterogeneity in channel morphology caused by thereturned boulders, but can probably also be attributed to a lower flow velocity atrestored sites. Flood variables were more often correlated with other abiotic variablesat restored than at channelized sites, which points to an increased land-waterconnectivity as a result of restoration.
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- Engström, Johanna, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Large wood restoration in boulder dominated streams
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- 1. An important aim of many restoration activities is to improve ecological structures and processes that have a central role for ecosystem functioning. Large wood (LW) is such a component, affecting hydraulics, channel morphology, floodplain dynamics, and ecological communities.2. We studied the effect of in-stream wood restoration, evaluating the difference before and after wood addition using boulder restored sites as controls. We investigated channel dynamics, movement and recruitment of large wood, retention of propagules and fish communities.3. One of three streams experienced a reduced current velocity after LW placement. The width of the channel and the reduced velocity were probably the reasons why this stream trapped most naturally drifting wood. LW sites experienced increased retention of organic matter compared to control sites, but LW proved to be unimportant in controlling brown trout density and biomass.4. Restoring habitat heterogeneity has been widely used to enhance ecological functioning, but during the last years its potential to restore streams and rivers has been questioned. In streams affected by multiple stressors, increased habitat heterogeneity is less important. Our result demonstrates that restoration with wood can enhance the restoration made with only boulders, and as a consequence advance ecological functioning.
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- Hasselquist, Eliza Maher, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in nitrogen cycling in riparian zones along a chronosequence of restored streams in northern Sweden
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Understanding how stream restoration affects nitrogen (N) cycling in riparian zones is crucial for setting realistic performance criteria for restored streams. Most streams in northern Sweden were channelized for timber floating, and many streams have now been restored. Channelization disconnected streams from the riparian zone, and reduced the flooding that creates anoxic conditions necessary for many N-cycling reactions. We used a space-for-time substitution consisting of stream reaches restored 2 to 25 years ago, unrestored channelized and natural reference reaches to determine how N-cycling in riparian zones changes with time after restoration. Using stable isotopes of N (δ15N), we found that restoration caused more enriched foliar and root δ15N in recently restored sites, suggesting more gaseous losses of N in younger sites. This enrichment in foliar and root δ15N decreased over the 25-year chronosequence suggesting that the N-cycle becomes tighter and loses less N as it ages. Although the [N] in foliage, roots, and soils did not change over time, understory biomass decreased over time, suggesting that more N was available to plants in younger compared to older sites. Changes in the mechanism of N acquisition (i.e., mycorrhizal colonization, as shown by Δδ15N), plant species richness, and cover of deciduous trees (carbon source), were the most important factors explaining variation in δ15N along with time after restoration. It is clear that the restoration of these streams causes a large and rapid change in nitrogen processing in the riparian zone and this alteration persists for at least 25 years.
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- Hasselquist, Eliza Maher, et al.
(författare)
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Contrasting effects of geomorphic complexity on diversity of three aquatic organism groups after stream restoration
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ecological theory states that greater habitat heterogeneity should support higher biodiversity. Many stream restoration projects aim to increase geomorphic complexity, assuming that this increases habitat heterogeneity and, thus, biodiversity. However, little evidence has been published that supports this theory, especially with respect to stream restoration and aquatic organisms.Previous assessments of stream habitat restoration have suffered from four major limitations: (1) incomplete quantification of habitat complexity metrics, (2) assessment of the responses of only one organism group, most often macroinvertebrates, (3) mismatch between scale of restoration and scale of disturbance, and (4) limited number of restoration measures applied.We used 12 metrics of geomorphic complexity spanning five dimensions of complexity (sediment grain size distribution, longitudinal profile, cross section, planform, and instream wood) to evaluate if the diversity, abundance and community composition of three aquatic organism groups (benthic macroinvertebrates, diatoms and macrophytes) relate positively to complexity along near-natural, restored and channelised stream reaches in rural northern Sweden where disturbance to the streams has been primarily reach-scale channelisation to facilitate timber floating.We found that the variation in biodiversity and abundance within each of the three organism groups could be described by multiple regression models that included only geomorphic complexity metrics, but the variation within an organism group could rarely be described by only one metric of complexity in isolation. Rather, three metrics were needed on average to describe the variation in biodiversity and abundance, and rarely did all metrics relate positively to diversity. Sediment grain size distribution metrics were most often significant as explanatory variables, but were inconsistent in the direction of influence. The other four dimensions of complexity were less consistently significant but were nearly all positively related to our diversity metrics.Most of the variation in these metrics was driven by advanced restoration techniques and to a lesser extent older best practice techniques. Three complexity metrics were most often included in multiple regression models as well as described community composition in ordinations: a metric quantifying heterogeneity of small sediment sizes, a metric that represents the variation in stream depth along the longitudinal profile, and instream wood metrics. Therefore, specifically these metrics could be targets for future restoration. The organism groups were not concordant in their patterns of diversity, abundance, or community composition; thus, none can be used as a surrogate in monitoring biodiversity of these sites.Synthesis and applications. Geomorphic complexity should be measured in multiple dimensions, and ideally in all five dimensions, to understand the full breadth of restoration impacts to which organisms could be responding. More than one organism group should be used in monitoring to ensure biodiversity goals are met. Finally, even though the scale of the restorations matched the scale of the disturbance at the reach scale, the older best practice methods of restoration rarely restored the large-scale features necessary to bring the sites up to their potential levels of complexity as these elements (large boulders, bedrock, log jams) had been destroyed or removed from the system. Although the advanced restoration sites were the youngest, advanced restoration techniques that added big boulders, coarse gravel and instream wood increased complexity to a level that elicited a biological response. Finally, the complexity level needed to elicit a biological response could be difficult to understand for a given system, so we suggest doing restoration work in an experimental way in collaboration with geomorphologists to determine what level of complexity is needed.
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