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- Engberg, Anna E., 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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EVALUATION OF THE HEMOCOMPATIBILITY OF NOVEL POLYMERIC MATERIALS
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- When a biomaterial surface comes in contact with blood an immediate adsorption of plasma proteins to the surface will occur, and the cascade systems in the blood, such as the complement, coagulation and contact system, will be activated to various degrees. The intensity of this reaction will determine the hemocompatibility of the materials. Here we present an evaluation of the link between the composition, the physico-chemical properties and the protein adsorption properties of six newly synthesized polymers (P1-P6) and the hemocompatibility.The hemocompatibility of the polymeric surfaces was evaluated in human blood plasma and whole blood. Commercially available polyvinylchloride (PVC) was used as reference material. The hemocompatibility of the polymeric surfaces was evaluated with regard to complement activation (C3a and sC5-9 generation) and coagulation activation (platelet loss and TAT-formation) and cytokine productions (27 analytes in multiplex assay) after contact with whole blood. Contact activation was quantified by analyses of FXIIa-C1INH, FXIa-C1INH, and kallikrein-C1INH complexes.Polymers P2 (p<0.05 for C3a), P3, P5 and P6 showed less complement activation, and polymers P1 and P4 (p<0.05 for platelet loss), as well as P5 and P6 showed less coagulation activation compared with reference PVC. Polymers P1-P3 induced activation of the contact system, P3 being the most potent. Secretion of 17 cytokines including chemokines and growth factors were differentially influenced by the polymers, P1 and P3 being significantly (p<0.05) more compatible for five of the analytes.Collectively these data demonstrate that the composition of the polymers clearly leads to different biological properties as a consequence of distinctive physico-chemical properties and protein adsorption patterns.1
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| 2. |
- Choudhury, Maidul I., et al.
(författare)
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Enhancing wetland nitrogen removal through macrophyte harvest and installation of woodchips-based floating beds
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Constructed wetlands (CWs) remove nitrogen (N) more efficiently as wetlands age and vegetation establishes. However, when CWs become heavily overgrown and filled with plant litter and root mats, channels form and N removal declines. Here, management may maintain high N removal. We tested two CW management options 1) restoration through macrophyte harvesting including root mat removal, and 2) subsequent installation of woodchips-based floating beds (WFBs) to compensate macrophyte loss. In a field experiment, using 16 heavily overgrown experimental CWs, we applied four treatments: i) macrophyte harvesting, ii) macrophyte harvesting and 5% of the wetland surface covered with WFBs, iii) macrophyte harvesting and 20% WFB cover, and iv) a control treatment (heavily overgrown). WFBs were planted with Glyceria maxima and Filipendula ulmaria before installation. N removal efficiency, removal rate and removal rate coefficient ka were estimated on nine occasions. After the experiment, WFBs were removed and plant biomass accrual, N assimilation, and denitrification gene (nirS, nirK, nosZI and nosZII) abundance on plant roots and woodchips were studied.Macrophyte harvesting significantly improved N removal of heavily overgrown CWs, whereas WFBs installation only improved N removal in harvested treatments on some occasions. Both G. maxima and F. ulmaria grew well on WFBs. Relative biomass production, root length and root surface area were higher for G. maxima than for F. ulmaria whereas biomass N assimilation was higher for F. ulmaria. Denitrification gene abundance was higher on plant roots than on woodchips while G. maxima hosted higher root denitrification gene abundance than F. ulmaria. We conclude that macrophyte harvesting improves N removal in heavily overgrown CWs. Further long-term field studies are needed to precisely evaluate the contribution of WFBs to N removal in CWs.
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| 5. |
- Nilsson, Josefin E., et al.
(författare)
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Multifunctional wetlands can efficiently remove nitrogen while reducing flood risk
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Exacerbated by climate change, eutrophication and flood risks are pressing global issues of increasing ecological and societal relevance. A key driver of eutrophication is the excess use of nitrogen (N) fertiliser in agricultural landscapes, resulting in N exports from land to water. Flood events can increase N exports and further worsen eutrophication. Created wetlands in agricultural areas are recognised as important nutrient sinks, and the flood attenuating capabilities of urban wetlands and ponds are also well established. However, less studied is the potential to combine these two ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes to achieve multifunctionality. This study examines how dynamic water management for enhanced water storage capacity during flood events affects N removal and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in replicated experimental wetlands. We hypothesised that intermittently flooded wetlands would exhibit higher rates of N removal and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, while emitting less methane (CH4), compared to permanently flooded wetlands. However, our hypothesis was refuted. In this experiment, shallow wetlands exhibited high N removal and water retention simultaneously, whereas deep and large wetlands removed less N as water retention increased. No differences in the aqueous concentrations of N2O or CH4 were observed between wetlands with high or low water storage capacity, thus indicating similar emissions. Our results highlight the possibility of combining the two ecosystem services flood attenuation and N removal, without increasing GHG emissions, in wetlands of specific designs. This study contributes to the understanding of synergies and trade-offs in wetland multifunctionality.
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| 6. |
- SHAO, LP, et al.
(författare)
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15-HYDROPEROXYDEHYDROABIETIC ACID - A CONTACT ALLERGEN IN COLOPHONY FROM PINUS SPECIES
- 1995
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Ingår i: PHYTOCHEMISTRY. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. ; 38:4
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A new hydroperoxide, 15-hydroperoxydehydroabietic acid (15-HPDA), with contact allergenic properties has been detected in rosin obtained from Pinus species. Detection was facilitated using a synthetic preparation of 15-HPDA for reference purposes. The sy
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| 10. |
- Cornell Kärnekull, Stina, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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The reminiscence bump is blind to blindness : Evidence from sound- and odor-evoked autobiographical memory
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Autobiographical memories (AMs) evoked by sensory cues, such as words, pictures, and sounds, typically form reminiscence bumps in adolescence and young adulthood. However, odors constitute an exception by shifting the bump to early childhood. Olfaction may be a “sense of first impressions”, as indicated by a unique hippocampal representation in the brain for first odor-to-object associations. However, the influence of the individual’s sensory function on AMs has never been examined. We examined the reminiscence bumps of sound- and odor-evoked memories of early-blind and sighted individuals, since blindness implies considerable changes in sensory experience. Despite such changes, the groups displayed similar age distributions of both sound- and odor-evoked memories. The auditory bump seemed to span the first two decades of life, whereas the olfactory bump was once again found in early childhood. Hence, the reminiscence bumps were robust to differences in sensory function and experience.
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