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- Pudas, Sara, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Midlife memory ability accounts for brain activity differences in healthy aging
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cross-sectional neuroimaging studies suggest that hippocampal and prefrontal cortex (PFC) functions underlie individual differences in memory ability in elderly individuals, but it is unclear how individual differences in cognitive ability in youth contribute to cognitive and neuroimaging measures in older age. Here, a sample from a longitudinal population-based study (N = 201, aged 55-80) was used to investigate the relative influence of midlife memory ability and age-related memory change on memory-related BOLD-signal variability in healthy elderly. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that midlife memory ability, assessed 15-20 years earlier, explained at least as much variance as memory change in clusters in the left inferior PFC and the bilateral hippocampus, during memory encoding. Memory change estimates, however, were found to be more sensitive in detecting bilateral frontal regions specifically diagnostic of age-related memory change. These finding highlight challenges in interpreting individual differences in neurocognitive measures as age-related changes in the absence of longitudinal data, and also demonstrates the improved sensitivity of longitudinal measures.
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- Mousavi-Nasab, S. M. Hossein, et al.
(författare)
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Engaged lifestyle and episodic memory performance : health as a mediator
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objectives. In this study, we test the roles of two important aspects of engaged lifestyle – marriage and leisure activity – in episodic memory performance. The direct effects of these variables on episodic memory performance and their mediating effects via health were examined.Methods. A total of 1149 participants were recruited from the Betula longitudinal study on aging, memory, and health. The effects of engaged lifestyle and health on memory were investigated longitudinally to determine whether they could predict memory function in later life. Accordingly, data were taken from three waves at 5-year intervals: marital status and leisure activity from Wave 1 (1993-1995), health from Wave 2 (1998-2000), and episodic memory performance from Wave 3 (2003-2005).Results. From using structural regression modeling (SRM), it was found that married people showed better memory performance 10 years on than single and widowed people. Further, leisure activity also predicted episodic memory performance 10 years on, but indirectly via health. Conclusion. We conclude that an engaged lifestyle that includes marriage and leisure activity is an important determinant of memory function, and can protect people from memory decline. Although this effect may be direct, the mediating effect of health should also be considered. Theoretically, we discuss whether an engaged lifestyle protects people from memory decline in accordance with cognitive reserve theory, and decreases stress by increasing the availability of social support.
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- Skoog, Per, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Intra-abdominal hypertension : exploration of early changes in intra-abdominal metabolism in a porcine model
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objective: To investigate the early effects of intra-abdominal hypertension on intraabdominal metabolism and intestinal mucosal blood flow.Design: Prospective animal study.Setting: University hospital research laboratory.Subjects: Three-month old domestic pigs of both sexes.Interventions: The animals were anesthetized and ventilated. Fifteen animals were subjected to intra-abdominal hypertension of 30 mmHg for four hours by carbon dioxide insufflation. Seven animals served as controls.Measurements and Main Results: Hemodynamic data, arterial blood samples and urine output were analyzed. Intraluminal laserdoppler flowmetry measured intestinal mucosal blood flow. Glucose, glycerol, lactate and pyruvate concentrations and lactate-pyruvate (l/p) ratio were measured intraperitoneally and intramurally in the small intestine and rectum by microdialysis. Intra-abdominal hypertension lowered the abdominal perfusion pressure by 12- 18 mmHg, reduced the intestinal mucosal blood flow by 45-63% and decreased urine output by 50-80%. While controls remained stable, glycerol concentrations increased at all locations at elevated intra-abdominal pressure, .pyruvate concentrations decreased and the l/p ratio increased intraperitoneally and intramurally in the small intestine. Glucose and lactate concentrations at all locations were only slightly affected or unchanged in both groups.Conclusions: Intra-abdominal hypertension negatively influences intestinal blood flow and diuresis and causes early metabolic changes, indicating a discrete shift towards anaerobic metabolism. Metabolic changes, measured by intra-abdominal microdialysis, preferably by an intraperitoneal catheter, might be used as early markers of impaired visceral organ function in intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome.
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- Sternäng, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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A cross-cultural view on cognitive aging: Comparisons between Bangladesh and Sweden
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Most studies on cognitive aging have been conducted in economically developed countries (mainly on Western populations). It is of importance to test the generalizability of obtained results with studies in cultural settings with different living conditions. However, the share of research conducted in cross-cultural cognitive aging is rather small, especially on memory. The main aim of this study was to compare relative importance of some commonly used predictors (age, sex, years of education, systolic blood pressure, vascular diseases, sensory-motor functioning, and processing speed) for episodic and semantic memory performance in older people (≥ 60 years) from Bangladesh (n = 400) and Sweden (n = 1098), respectively. A main finding was that age variations did not have as much impact on episodic and semantic memory performance in Bangladesh as in Sweden, and sex was of greater importance for semantic memory performance in Bangladesh. In the western world, chronological age is believed to be strongly associated with memory performance in cross-sectional studies, especially in people above 60 years of age. This study indicates that the difference between the two countries in relative importance of the predictors included in this study is mainly due to that years of education is connected to age in the western world but to sex in Bangladesh. It remains to be examined whether earlier selective survival is also responsible for the relative absence of cognitive age differences in Bangladesh.
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