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- Drobyshev, Igor, et al.
(author)
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Lifespan and mortality of old oaks - combining empirical and modelling approaches to support their management in Southern Sweden
- 2008
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In: Annals of Forest Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1286-4560 .- 1297-966X. ; 65:4, s. 401-401
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Old oaks (Quercus robur L.) play an important role in the southern Scandinavian landscape by providing habitat for a wide range of species, a large proportion of them being currently on the National Redlists. To provide support for the management of these trees, we review data on oak mortality and formulate a mortality-driven stochastic model analysing interactions between mortality rate, oak recruitment rate into 100-150 age class, and amount of oaks older than 200 years. Empirical annual mortality rates varied between 0 and 13% with average 1.68%. Trees older 200 years had an average mortality rate of 1.1%. Oaks in the high density forests showed higher mortality (3.2%) as compared to the trees growing in the low density forests (1.2%). A 400-year long modelling exercises indicated that under current mortality rates (regular mortality being centred around 1% annually; and irregular mortality 7% with average return time of 13 years) the long-term maintenance of 20 trees older than 200 years per ha would require an input rate of 1 to 5 trees x year(-1) x ha(-1) into the 100-150 years old class. The modelling highlighted the importance of initial oak abundance affecting amount of old trees at the end of shorter (100 years) simulation period.
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- Felton, Adam, et al.
(author)
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Replacing monocultures with mixed-species : Ecosystem service implications of two production forest alternatives in Sweden
- 2016
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In: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 45:Suppl. 2, s. 124-139
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Whereas there is evidence that mixed-species approaches to production forestry in general can provide positive outcomes relative to monocultures, it is less clear to what extent multiple benefits can be derived from specific mixed-species alternatives. To provide such insights requires evaluations of an encompassing suite of ecosystem services, biodiversity, and forest management considerations provided by specific mixtures and monocultures within a region. Here, we conduct such an assessment in Sweden by contrasting even-aged Norway spruce (Picea abies)-dominated stands, with mixed-species stands of spruce and birch (Betula pendula or B. pubescens), or spruce and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). By synthesizing the available evidence, we identify positive outcomes from mixtures including increased biodiversity, water quality, esthetic and recreational values, as well as reduced stand vulnerability to pest and pathogen damage. However, some uncertainties and risks were projected to increase, highlighting the importance of conducting comprehensive interdisciplinary evaluations when assessing the pros and cons of mixtures.
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- Felton, Adam, et al.
(author)
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Replacing monocultures with mixed-species stands : Ecosystem service implications of two production forest alternatives in Sweden
- 2016
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In: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 45, s. 124-139
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Whereas there is evidence that mixed-species approaches to production forestry in general can provide positive outcomes relative to monocultures, it is less clear to what extent multiple benefits can be derived from specific mixed-species alternatives. To provide such insights requires evaluations of an encompassing suite of ecosystem services, biodiversity, and forest management considerations provided by specific mixtures and monocultures within a region. Here, we conduct such an assessment in Sweden by contrasting even-aged Norway spruce (Picea abies)-dominated stands, with mixed-species stands of spruce and birch (Betula pendula or B. pubescens), or spruce and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). By synthesizing the available evidence, we identify positive outcomes from mixtures including increased biodiversity, water quality, esthetic and recreational values, as well as reduced stand vulnerability to pest and pathogen damage. However, some uncertainties and risks were projected to increase, highlighting the importance of conducting comprehensive interdisciplinary evaluations when assessing the pros and cons of mixtures.
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- Lindbladh, Matts, et al.
(author)
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Long-time record of fire and open canopy in a high biodiversity forest in southeast Sweden
- 2003
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In: Biological Conservation. - 1873-2917. ; 114:2, s. 231-243
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We studied a ca 200 ha large forest site that holds an exceptionally large number of red-listed saproxylic beetles. We conducted pollen, charcoal and dendroecological analyses to reveal the long-term stand-level history of the site. We also investigated which of the red-listed saproxylic beetles recorded at the site are probably dependent on forest fires or structures that are created by fires. Pollen from Pinus and Betula dominate the pollen diagram, and the pollen record shows that the canopy is more closed today than ever during the last 2500 years. Large amounts of charcoal fragments were found throughout the core except during three shorter periods, one of which is the latest ca 200 years. The dendroecological investigation revealed I I different fires, the earliest dated to AD 1586 and the last dated to AD 1868. Of the 105 red-listed saproxylic beetles recorded at the site, at least 12 are associated with open forests with Pinus sylvestris or Birch spp. trees. We conclude that the fires, as recorded both by the charcoal and dendroecological analysis, kept the site largely open in the past, and this is likely one important explanation for the high conservation value of the site today. Other important factors could be that the site is rich in boulders, the relatively warm summer climate in the region, that Picea abies has not been planted in the surroundings until recently, and finally the presence of many old trees. The study supports the theory that fire could have been an important factor for keeping some forest types open before the large human impact on the northwestern European forests started.
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- Niklasson, Mats, et al.
(author)
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A preliminary regional division for efficient biodiversity preservation based on disturbance regime, forest history and tree species distribution: the southern Swedish example.
- 2002
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In: Proceedings of the SUFOR Internationel Workshop, Lund, Sweden. - 1104-2877. ; , s. 131-135
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We propose a method for dividing large regions into biogeographical sub-regions based mainly on natural disturbance regime, forest history and potential tree species distribution. This subdivision could be used as a guide when designing conservational strategies and management plans for landscapes and protected areas. At present, conservational strategies and management of valuable areas on the one hand and production forests on the other, is often similar over large regions, especially from a species´ point of view. Compared to the scale at which natural disturbances, tree migration and species dispersal/interaction operate, protected areas are usually minute, isolated and found in fragmented landscapes. Therefore they will rarely, if ever, develop the multitude of successional stages found in large natural landscapes under a disturbance regime with large-scale and relatively rare disturbance events (at point scale). Consequently, in southern Sweden, structures and conditions on which many rare species are dependent are rapidly lost, both in earlier fire-prone forests and in landscapes shaped by grazing and wind disturbances. The proposed division method in managed forest landscapes could be an important guide for foresters aiming at restoring biological values through emulating natural disturbances.
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- Niklasson, Mats, et al.
(author)
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Sustainability and biodiversity: from policy to implementation, with examples from Swedish forests
- 2005
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In: Journal of Sustainable Forestry. - 1054-9811. ; 21:2-3, s. 213-226
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The implementation of the Rio protocol and the preservation of biodiversity at national and regional level is an important step in achieving a sustainable forestry. This is indeed a challenging task since our knowledge of the ecology and habitat demands for but a few species is severely restricted. Research in the last years show that forest species have very different qualitative and spatial demands on their environment which requires complex and broad solutions. This poses a great problem for conservation and often forces societies/decision-makers to take decisions based on assumptions rather than on empirical data. With assumptions follow uncertainty, a factor thatwhich is necessary to controltake account of. We identify and discuss the uncertainties of steps that are considered to be important for preserving biodiversity on a regional level and exemplify this with cases from southern Sweden. We argue that there is no universal solution for the conservation of biodiversity. In strongly fragmented and transformed regions like southern Sweden, a mix of species approaches and ecosystem approaches is necessary for biodiversity conservation. Programs for preserving biodiversity should be flexible, not rigid for allowing modifications due to a constantly increasing body of knowledge and ambiental changes. Prominent gaps in our knowledge include species dispersal ability and propensity, extinction rates and the species dependence on fragmentation and landscape history. It is possible that the question of responsibility species may gain in importance, an issue with far-reaching implications for economy and inter-regional compensatory systems
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