| 1. |
- Dybjer, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Diabetes, kognition och demens
- 2019. - 2
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Ingår i: Diabetes och Metabola Syndromet. - 9789144133621 ; , s. 115-119
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Frej, Fyhrquist, et al.
(författare)
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Telomere Biology and Vascular Aging
- 2015
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Ingår i: Early Vascular Aging (EVA) : New Directions in Cardiovascular Protection - New Directions in Cardiovascular Protection. - 9780128016763 - 9780128013878 ; , s. 201-211
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Telomeres form the end segment of the DNA helix and shorten with every cell division until getting so short that the cell stops dividing and will undergo programmed cell death (apoptosis). Research has supported the view that telomere length could be regarded as a marker of biological aging, even if methodological problems could interfere with the interpretation of telomere length in cross-sectional studies when causality cannot be proven. Ideally the telomere attrition rate should be calculated based on repeated measurements during follow-up. So far, epidemiological studies have supported the role of short telomeres being predictive of coronary heart disease (CHD) events but not stroke, based on meta-analysis. A genetic risk score based on several genetic markers of telomere biology is associated with CHD risk, which proves that a true causal and unconfounded relationship may exist. Future intervention studies will hopefully reveal whether telomere length is possible to influence by lifestyle improvements or drug therapy in randomized, controlled studies.
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| 3. |
- Håkansson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Introduktion: Yrkesutbildningen och den ekonomiska historien
- 2013
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Ingår i: Yrkesutbildningens formering i Sverige 1940-1975. - 9789187351297 ; , s. 9-19
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Yrkesutbildningen har både påverkat och påverkats av den ekonomiska historien och det finns åtminstone två olika teoretiska perspektiv som kan användas. Det ena är det strukturanalytiska perspektivet som utgår från att ekonomin förändras i cykler. En insikt och förståelse som projektet har gett är att yrkesutbildningen inte alltid entydigt följt dessa cykler, och framförallt inte för alla branscher samtidigt. Skogsindustrin, som exempel, påbörjade sin mekanisering mycket senare än många andra branscher i Sverige. Däremot kom behovet av utbildning (i stort sett) att följa branschens mekanisering. Det andra perspektivet är det nyinstitutionella. Detta perspektiv har delvis andra utgångspunkter där utvecklingen av en institution inte alltid motsvaras av vad som tycks mest rationellt. Istället är det uppfattningar, normer, risk och värdesystem som spelar in när institutioner skapas och upprätthålls (North 2005). I detta kapitel presenterar vi dessa teoretiska perspektiv för att undersöka deras relation till yrkesutbildningens formering 1940-1975.
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| 4. |
- Nilsson, Kerstin, et al.
(författare, creator_code:000000023193205X_t)
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Can they Stay or Will They go?
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sustaniable Healthy Working life for All Ages. - Basel, Switzerland : MDPI. ; , s. 37-56
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A larger amount of older people need to participate in working life due to the global demographic change. It is the employer, through the manager, who enables employees to have access to measures in the workplace that facilitate and enable a sustainable extended working life. The aim of this study was to evaluate work life factors associated with managers believing their employees can work versus wanting to work until age 65 or older. This cross-sectional study included 249 managers in the Swedish municipality sector. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate associations between different univariate estimates and in data modelling using the SwAge-model. The result stated that 79% of managers believed their employees ‘can’ work and 58% of managers believed their employees ‘want to’ work until age 65 or older. Health, physical work environment, skills and competence are associated the strongest to managers believing employees ‘can’ work until age 65 or older. Insufficient social support at work and lacking possibilities for relocations associated the strongest to managers believing employees would not ‘want to’ work until age 65 or older. Though, several countries (especially in Europe) have included in their social policy measures that retirement age be increased after 65, proposing ages approaching 70. When these proposals become laws, through obligation, people will have no choice (if they want to or if they can continue working). However, people’s attitudes to work may be different (especially after the COVID-19 pandemic), and this analysis of the participating managers’ attitudes showed there is a difference between why employees ‘can’ versus ‘want’ to work respectively. Therefore, different strategies may be needed to contribute to employees both being able to and willing to participate in working life until an older age. These findings on managers’ perspectives, regarding whether they believe employees would be able to versus would want to work and the SwAge-model, will hopefully contribute to anincreased understanding of organisational actions and measures in the process of creating a sustainable extended working life and to increase senior employees’ employability.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Nilsson, Peter M., et al.
(författare)
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Early Vascular Aging in the Young : Influence of Birth Weight and Prematurity
- 2015
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Ingår i: Early Vascular Aging (EVA) : New Directions in Cardiovascular Protection - New Directions in Cardiovascular Protection. - 9780128016763 - 9780128013878 ; , s. 129-136
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Longitudinal data from cohort studies show that early life factors such as low birth weight are associated with the development of hypertension, coronary heart disease, and type 2 diabetes in adulthood. Moreover, the majority of published studies concur that blood pressure is higher in adolescents and young adults with a history of low birth weight. Although the precise mechanisms linking early life factors with increased future cardiovascular risk are unclear, the architecture of the vascular system is programmed in utero and the majority of elastin, the major structural component underlying arterial wall elasticity, is synthesized and deposited during this time. Therefore, the arterial system has been a major focus of investigations aimed toward improving our understanding of the natural history of hypertension and future cardiovascular risk. A number of studies have now described properties relating to arterial structure and function in children, adolescents, and young adults, with a history of low birth weight, due to being either small for gestational age or premature. While the combination of prematurity and intrauterine growth retardation resulting in a small for gestational age phenotype appears to be associated with the most marked impairments in vascular structure and function, the small for gestational age phenotype, followed by a rapid "catch-up" growth also appears harmful. Further studies are needed to understand the long-term consequences of cardiovascular health of being born under adverse conditions, especially when post-natal growth trajectories are taken into account.
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| 8. |
- Nilsson, Peter M., et al.
(författare)
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Preface
- 2015
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Ingår i: Early Vascular Aging (EVA) : New Directions in Cardiovascular Protection - New Directions in Cardiovascular Protection. - 9780128013878 - 9780128016763
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
- Nilsson, Peter M., et al.
(författare)
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Preface
- 2015
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Ingår i: Early Vascular Aging (EVA) : New Directions in Cardiovascular Protection - New Directions in Cardiovascular Protection. - 9780128013878 - 9780128016763
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Scuteri, Angelo, et al.
(författare)
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Aging Population : Challenges and Opportunities in a Life Course Perspective
- 2015
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Ingår i: Early Vascular Aging (EVA) : New Directions in Cardiovascular Protection - New Directions in Cardiovascular Protection. - 9780128013878 - 9780128016763 ; , s. 17-20
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In most Western countries the mean longevity for both men and women has increased dramatically over the past 100 years. This was first attributable to a reduction in perinatal and child mortality when deliveries became safer and conditions for children more healthy, such as better nutrition. In recent decades another trend is visible, that is, a reduction of the negative impact of chronic disease in midlife and a postponement of life-threatening medical conditions until old age. This is why the mean life expectancy now reaches around 80 years in many developed countries, even if there is still a substantial gap to the shorter life span of many people living in developing countries, but also in the former Soviet Union. To better understand this demographic transition we need to consider the influence of environmental and social factors, as our genetic setup will not change in the shorter time perspective (centuries). On the other hand we also need a deeper understanding of the influence of early life programming on adult health and longevity to fully grasp the shifting demography of human populations, in a life course perspective.
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