| 1. |
- Thompson, Paul M., et al.
(författare)
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The ENIGMA Consortium : large-scale collaborative analyses of neuroimaging and genetic data
- 2014
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Ingår i: BRAIN IMAGING BEHAV. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1931-7557 .- 1931-7565. ; 8:2, s. 153-182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium is a collaborative network of researchers working together on a range of large-scale studies that integrate data from 70 institutions worldwide. Organized into Working Groups that tackle questions in neuroscience, genetics, and medicine, ENIGMA studies have analyzed neuroimaging data from over 12,826 subjects. In addition, data from 12,171 individuals were provided by the CHARGE consortium for replication of findings, in a total of 24,997 subjects. By meta-analyzing results from many sites, ENIGMA has detected factors that affect the brain that no individual site could detect on its own, and that require larger numbers of subjects than any individual neuroimaging study has currently collected. ENIGMA's first project was a genome-wide association study identifying common variants in the genome associated with hippocampal volume or intracranial volume. Continuing work is exploring genetic associations with subcortical volumes (ENIGMA2) and white matter microstructure (ENIGMA-DTI). Working groups also focus on understanding how schizophrenia, bipolar illness, major depression and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affect the brain. We review the current progress of the ENIGMA Consortium, along with challenges and unexpected discoveries made on the way.
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| 2. |
- Santoro, V., et al.
(författare)
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HighNESS conceptual design report: Volume I
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Neutron Research. - 1023-8166 .- 1477-2655. ; 25:3-4, s. 85-314
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Spallation Source, currently under construction in Lund, Sweden, is a multidisciplinary international laboratory. Once completed to full specifications, it will operate the world’s most powerful pulsed neutron source. Supported by a 3 million Euro Research and Innovation Action within the EU Horizon 2020 program, a design study (HighNESS) has been completed to develop a second neutron source located below the spallation target. Compared to the first source, designed for high cold and thermal brightness, the new source has been optimized to deliver higher intensity, and a shift to longer wavelengths in the spectral regions of cold (CN, 2–20 Å), very cold (VCN, 10–120 Å), and ultracold (UCN, >500 Å) neutrons. The second source comprises a large liquid deuterium moderator designed to produce CN and support secondary VCN and UCN sources. Various options have been explored in the proposed designs, aiming for world-leading performance in neutronics. These designs will enable the development of several new instrument concepts and facilitate the implementation of a high-sensitivity neutron-antineutron oscillation experiment (NNBAR). This document serves as the Conceptual Design Report for the HighNESS project, representing its final deliverable.
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| 3. |
- Hall, C. Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Denying bogus skepticism in climate change and tourism research.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Tourism Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0261-5177 .- 1879-3193. ; 47, s. 352-356
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This final response to the two climate change denial papers by Shani and Arad further highlights the inaccuracies, misinformation and errors in their commentaries. The obfuscation of scientific research and the consensus on anthropogenic climate change may have significant long-term negative consequences for better understanding the implications of climate change and climate policy for tourism and create confusion and delay in developing and implementing tourism sector responses.
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| 4. |
- Hall, C. Michael, et al.
(författare)
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No time for smokescreen skepticism : A rejoinder to Shani and Arad
- 2015
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Ingår i: Tourism Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0261-5177 .- 1879-3193. ; 47, s. 341-347
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shani and Arad (2014) claimed that tourism scholars tend to endorse the most pessimistic assessments regarding climate change, and that anthropogenic climate change was a "fashionable" and "highly controversial scientific topic". This brief rejoinder provides the balance that is missing from such climate change denial and skepticism studies on climate change and tourism. Recent research provides substantial evidence that reports on anthropogenic climate change are accurate, and that human-induced greenhouse gas emissions, including from the tourism industry, play a significant role in climate change. Some positive net effects may be experienced by some destinations in the short-term, but in the long-term all elements of the tourism system will be impacted. The expansion of tourism emissions at a rate greater than efficiency gains means that it is increasingly urgent that the tourism sector acknowledge, accept and respond to climate change. Debate on tourism-related adaptation and mitigation measures is to be encouraged and welcomed. Climate change denial is not.
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| 5. |
- Hassing, Linda, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus contributes to cognitive change in the oldest old: A longitudinal population-based study
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society. ; :10, s. 599-607
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined change in neuropsychological test performance related to type 2 diabetes mellitus across a 6-year interval. A population-based sample of 274 elderly participants (36 with diabetes and 238 without diabetes) was examined at four occasions at a 2-year interval. The participants were 8093 years of age (M 5 82.8 years) and without dementia at baseline. The test battery included tests of speed, visuospatial ability, short-term memory, semantic memory, episodic memory, and the Mini Mental Status Examination. Several models, taking into account diabetes and demographic data, were analyzed using SAS Proc Mixed multilevel modeling. At baseline, there were no significant differences in the neuropsychological tests related to diabetes. The longitudinal analyses, however, showed that diabetes was a significant predictor of decline for many of the tests. These findings points to the conclusion that type 2 diabetes is associated with accelerated cognitive decline in old age that may result in dementia.
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| 6. |
- Johansson, Boo, et al.
(författare)
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Laxative treatment elevates plasma homocysteine: a study on a population-based Swedish sample of old people
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Journal of Pharmacology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0031-6970 .- 1432-1041. ; 60:1, s. 45-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Elevated plasma homocysteine might indicate an increased risk of cancer, and cardiovascular and neurological diseases. The homocysteine level depends on the supply of folate and cobalamine, and constipation and/or laxative treatment might compromise this supply. The present study examined the impact of constipation and laxative treatment on the blood levels of homocysteine, folate and cobalamine in a population-based sample of aged people, including consideration of frailty and impaired renal function, both of which may also influence the homocysteine level. METHODS: The study was based on biochemical tests in 341 females and 183 males aged 82 years or older. The concentrations of homocysteine (plasma), folate, cobalamine and urea (serum) were measured in subjects with and without ongoing treatment with laxative drugs. Values were adjusted for age, gender and frailty, as well as for clinical diagnoses and drug therapies known to affect homocysteine levels. RESULTS: Homocysteine levels were increased and those of folate reduced in aged subjects on laxatives. Homocysteine remained elevated after adjusting for frailty and various neurological disorders. There was no significant effect on homocysteine and folate in constipated subjects without laxatives
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| 7. |
- Kadykalo, A. N., et al.
(författare)
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Disentangling ‘ecosystem services’ and ‘nature’s contributions to people’
- 2019
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Ingår i: Ecosystems and People. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2639-5908 .- 2639-5916. ; 15:1, s. 269-287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- People depend on functioning ecosystems, which provide benefits that support human existence and wellbeing. The relationship between people and nature has been experienced and conceptualized in multiple ways. Recently, ecosystem services (ES) concepts have permeated science, government policies, multi-national environmental agreements, and science–policy interfaces. In 2017, the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) introduced a new and closely related concept–Nature’s Contributions to People (NCP). The introduction of NCP has sparked some lively discussion and confusion about the distinguishing characteristics between ES and NCP. In order to clarify their conceptual relation, we identify eleven specific claims about novel elements from the latest NCP literature and analyze how far ES research has already contributed to these corresponding conceptual claims in the existing ES literature. We find a mixed-picture, where on six specific conceptual claims (culture, social sciences and humanities, indigenous and local knowledge, negative contributions of nature, generalizing perspective, non-instrumental values and valuation) NCP does not differ greatly from past ES research, but we also find five conceptual claims (diverse worldviews, context-specific perspective, relational values, fuzzy and fluid reporting categories and groups, inclusive language and framing) where NCP provides novel conceptualizations of people and nature relations.
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| 8. |
- Magnussen, S., et al.
(författare)
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What people believe about memory
- 2006
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Ingår i: Memory. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0965-8211 .- 1464-0686. ; 14:5, s. 595-613
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two representative samples of adult Norwegians (n=2000) were asked a set of general and specific questions regarding their beliefs and opinions about human memory. The results indicate that on many questions, such as time of the earliest memories, inhibiting effects of collaboration, and memory for dramatic versus ordinary events, the views of the general public concurred with current research findings, and people in general had realistic views about their own memory performance. On other questions, such as the reliability of olfactory as compared with visual and auditory memory, the memory of small children in comparison with that of adults, the likelihood of repression of adult traumatic memories, and on more general questions such as the possibility of training memory and the capacity limitations of long-term memory, a large proportion of the participants expressed views that are less supported by scientific evidence. Implications of these findings are briefly discussed. © 2006 Psychology Press Ltd.
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| 9. |
- Wikby, A, et al.
(författare)
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An immune risk phenotype, cognitive impairment and survival in very late life: The impact of alosta-tic load in Swedish Octo- and Nongenarian humans
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal Gerontology: Biological Science. ; , s. 556-565
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the previous OCTO longitudinal study, we identified an immune risk pheno-type (IRP) of high CD8 and low CD4 numbers and poor proliferative response. We also demonstrated that cognitive impairment constitutes a major predictor of nonsurvival. In the present NONA longitudinal study, we simultaneously exam-ine in a model of allostatic load IRP and compromised cognition in 4-year survival in a population-based sample (n = 138, 86-94 years). Immune system measure-ments consisted of determinations of T-cell subsets, plasma interleukin 6 and cy-tomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus serology. Interleukin 2 responsiveness to concanavalin A, using data from the previous OCTO (octogenarians) immune study, hereafter OCTO immune, was also examined. Cognitive status was rated using a battery of neuropsychological tests. Logistic regression indicated that the IRP and cognitive impairment together predicted 58% of observed deaths. IRP was associated with late differentiated CD8+CD28-CD27- cells (p < .001), de-creased interleukin 2 responsiveness (p < .05) and persistent viral infection (p < .01). Cognitive impairment was associated with increased plasma interleukin 6 (p < .001). IRP individuals with cognitive impairment were all deceased at the fol-low-up, indicating an allostatic overload.
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| 10. |
- Wikby, A, et al.
(författare)
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The immune risk phenotype is associated with Il-6 in the terminal decline stage: Findings from the Swedish NONA immune longitudinal study of very late life functioning
- 2006
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Ingår i: Mechanisms Ageing and Development. - : Elsevier. ; 127:8, s. 695-704
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present NONA immune longitudinal study, we further examine the previously identi-fied T cell immune risk phenotype (IRP), relative inflammatory activity, morbidity and 2-year mortality in very old individuals >90 years. T-cell subsets as well as the inflammatory mark-ers IL-6, IL-10, C-reactive protein, transthyretin and albumin were evaluated. IRP and low-grade inflammation predicted 57% of observed deaths and 97% of survival over 2 years, and was not significantly affected by individuals' health status, suggesting that the physiological ageing processes of T-cell immunosenescence and low-grade inflammation are of primary importance in late life survival. IRP non-survivors showed only a minor inflammatory activity at baseline, but had in contrast to survivors developed increased activity at follow-up. The re-sults suggest a sequence of stages for IRP individuals that begin with acquisition of CMV in-fection in earlier life, followed by generation of CD8+CD28- cells to control persistent CMV infection and eventually the development of an IRP. Intriguingly, we also found that rare in-dividuals moved out of the IRP category by a process of immune suppression, including in-creases in IL-6 and IL-10 and decreases in the number of CD3+CD8+CD28- cells. The fur-ther characterisation of these exceptional individuals may allow insight into remedial ap-proaches for those who remain in the IRP category until death
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