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| 2. |
- Schoug, Aron, 1983-
(författare)
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Storskaligt kreativt samarbete : Organisering och kollektivt lärande i ett konst- och teaterprojekt
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Storskaliga kreativa samarbeten blir allt vanligare i dagens organisationer, till exempel inom kreativa näringar, innovationsprocesser och utvecklingsprojekt. I sådana samarbeten behöver många individer vara kreativa och deras bidrag sammanflätas. Det stora antalet individer skapar behov av styrande strukturer och praktiker för att underlätta samordning, vilka i sin tur kan skapa spänningar i förhållande till den oförutsägbarhet och det behov av flexibilitet som kännetecknar kreativa processer. Tidigare forskning har beskrivit hur storskaliga kreativa samarbeten fungerar inom olika branscher såsom film, mode och IT. Det finns dock behov av en mer generell förståelse av underliggande strukturer samt hur dessa växer fram.Syftet med avhandlingen är att bidra med kunskap om hur storskaligt kreativt samarbete hålls ihop och utvecklas. Avhandlingen bygger på en kvalitativ fallstudie av ett treårigt konst- och teaterprojekt med ett litet antal initiativtagare, som hade huvudansvar, och ett 1000-tal deltagare som bidrog på olika sätt. Data samlades in med hjälp av deltagande observationer och djupintervjuer samt analyserades med hjälp av teorier om organisering och kollektivt lärande. Analysen fokuserar på hur handlingar samordnades, hur gemensam förståelse formades och hur olika grupper samspelade i styrningen av arbetet.Studien visar på förekomsten av ett komplext socialt samspel. Handlingar samordnades genom tre organiseringsmönster. För det första fanns det ett interaktivt ramverk varigenom initiativtagarna förmedlade en vision, som deltagarna tolkade och tänjde på, vilket ledde till en gradvis förändring av ramverket. För det andra fanns det en inre och en yttre cirkel. Den inre cirkeln bestod av ett litet antal yrkesverksamma kulturarbetare (initiativtagarna samt ett 50-tal deltagare) som gjorde grundarbetet och den yttre cirkeln bestod av ett löst nätverk av frivilliga som byggde vidare på denna grund. För det tredje fanns det ett organiskt pussel där individerna formade och omformade sina bitar i en process av ömsesidig anpassning, vilket gav upphov till en framväxande bild som ingen kunde förutse eller kontrollera. Den gemensamma förståelsen formades genom två kollektiva lärprocesser som ständigt sammanflätades med varandra. Genom konsensuslärande införlivade individerna andras idéer, vilket ledde till att idéer vävdes samman i den gemensamma förståelsen och att en samarbetskultur upprätthölls. Genom konfliktlärande hävdade individerna sina egna idéer, vilket ledde till fragmentering och omformning av den gemensamma förståelsen, samt upprätthållande av en självständighetskultur. Arbetet styrdes genom ett samspel mellan initiativtagare och deltagare där tre styrningsmekanismer var framträdande: Initiativtagarna påverkade indirekt deltagarnas arbete genom dold asymmetri. Samtidigt påverkade deltagarna indirekt utvecklingen av den övergripande visionen genom delegerad improvisation. Det fanns också ett utvidgat engagemang där deltagarna, genom sin känsla av tillhörighet, gick från att enbart fokusera på sin egen del till att också ta ansvar för helheten.En central slutsats är att dessa mönster, processer och mekanismer bidrog till att balansera tre (ibland motstridiga) principer, nämligen självständigt utforskande, ömsesidig anpassning och asymmetrisk rollfördelning. Avhandlingens resultat kan hjälpa oss förstå hur andra storskaliga kreativa samarbeten kan hållas ihop och utvecklas, och bidrar därmed till forskningen om dagens föränderliga, mångtydiga och komplexa organisationsliv.
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| 3. |
- Fälth, Linda, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Reading acquisition among students in Grades 1-3 with intellectual disabilities in Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: Dyslexia. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1076-9242 .- 1099-0909. ; 30:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates the reading performance of younger students with intellectual disabilities to gain insight into their needs in reading education. Participants were 428 students in Grades 1 to 3 in Sweden. They performed LegiLexi tests measuring pre-reading skills, decoding and reading comprehension based on the model of Simple View of Reading. Results demonstrate a great variation in reading acquisition among students. Some students are able to decode single words and read shorter texts with comprehension already in Grade 1. Other students still struggle with learning letters and developing phonological awareness in Grade 3. According to their longitudinal data over grades, results show that most students progress in pre-reading skills, decoding, and reading comprehension. Hence, assessing reading skills among students with intellectual disabilities in Grades 1-3 using tools aligned with the Simple View of Reading seems applicable and informative for teachers. This study underscores the significance of informed instructional practices for empowering these students in reading education.
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| 4. |
- Nordström, Thomas, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Assistive technology applications for students with reading difficulties : special education teacher’s experiences and perceptions
- 2019
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1748-3107 .- 1748-3115. ; 14:8, s. 798-808
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Reading and writing applications (with text-to-speech, TTS and speech-to-text, STT functions), used as assistive technology (AT) for students with reading difficulties are increasingly used in education, however, research has not sufficiently enough evaluated its potential. The purpose of this study was to explore how assistive reading and writing applications were perceived to function with regard to students’ possibilities to assimilate (i.e., “read”) and communicate (i.e., “write”) text.Methods: Following a six-week app intervention, this follow-up survey contained 54 special education teachers’ perceptions of how the use of apps impacted student motivation, learning, and its usability in special education. A total of 59 students with reading difficulties from Grade 4, Grade 8 and from high school, were assessed. Analyses included quantitative and qualitative analyses of teachers’ responses and written material.Results: The results showed individual differences in how teachers perceived app usage for text-interaction purposes, including how app usage affected student motivation and autonomy for text-based learning. Eighty-two per cent of the younger and forty-seven per cent of older students continued to use the technology after the intervention, but in various degrees.Conclusions: Based on these findings, students with reading difficulties seem to be able to use AT in order to assimilate text (i.e., to read) and to communicate text (i.e., to write), and, thus, AT has the potential to promote participation in regular education. Future research should focus on how to customize assistive technology support in order to better utilize the potential.
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| 5. |
- Fuster, Carles, 1991-
(författare)
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Lexical Transfer in Pedagogical Translanguaging : Exploring Intentionality in Multilingual Learners of Spanish
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A long-standing pedagogical implication of the traditional monolingual perspective in research and education has been to discourage any use of non-target languages in the L2 classroom as an attempt to reduce ‘interferences’ (i.e., transfer) between learners’ languages. Within the current multilingual paradigm shift, however, it has become clear that multilingualism can be an asset and the positive effects of transfer are acknowledged. The recent theoretical proposal of ‘pedagogical translanguaging’ suggests that teachers may help learners find opportunities to transfer aspects from their languages intentionally, as a resource or creative strategy, by raising their awareness of similarities between their languages.Yet, from an empirical perspective very little is known about (un)intentionality in transfer. This thesis investigates how multilingual language learners use transfer unintentionally versus intentionally and how several potentially important variables may be related to (un)inten-tionality in transfer. The focus is on lexical transfer in the written production of multilingual learners of Spanish in Sweden.Written transfer data were collected from 78 students in heterogeneously multilingual classrooms, including learners with different language backgrounds. Words that were reported (intro- or retrospectively) by a learner to have been transferred from a background language were coded as instances of intentional transfer. Conversely, when non-target-like words that could be traced back to a background language by the researcher were used but not com-mented on by the learner, they were coded as instances of unintentional transfer.A quasi-Poisson regression analysis was employed to test the significance of transfer factors on learners’ amounts of unintentional and intentional transfer. A qualitative lexical analysis was conducted, moreover, to explore how the different types of lexical transfer were manifested depending on whether they were produced unintentionally or intentionally. As a complement to the data, the learners’ teachers were interviewed on their attitudes towards the use of non-target languages in the Spanish lessons.The learners produced lexical transfer both unintentionally and intentionally. A significant tendency was found for intentional transfer to come from L2s rather than from L1s, possibly due to a higher level of metalinguistic knowledge in L2s. A significant tendency was also found for unintentional transfer to occur as a result of crosslinguistic morphological similarity. Additionally, a trend was observed for more multilingual learners to exhibit smaller amounts of unintentional transfer, possibly due to an enhanced conscious control of language use. (Un)intentionality was also found to relate to the different types of lexical transfer (e.g., foreignising, borrowing) in varying ways. The learners’ teachers felt positive about a multilingual instructional approach and often tried to make crosslinguistic comparisons.Apart from shedding light on the dimension of (un)intentionality in lexical transfer, this thesis elaborates on pedagogical translanguaging and the idea of using languages as resources. It suggests that pedagogical linguistic awareness-raising activities should aim not only to help learners find opportunities to use transfer as a strategy, but also to help them avoid certain instances of unintentional transfer, and offers insights into which linguistic aspects such activities could focus on.
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| 6. |
- Svensson, Idor, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of assistive technology for students with reading and writing disabilities
- 2021
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1748-3107 .- 1748-3115. ; 16:2, s. 196-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Assistive technology has been used to mitigate reading disabilities for almost three decades, and tablets with text-to-speech and speech-to-text apps have been introduced in recent years to scaffold reading and writing. Few scientifically rigorous studies, however, have investigated the benefits of this technology.Purpose: The aim was to explore the effects of assistive technology for students with severe reading disabilities.Method: This study included 149 participants. The intervention group received 24 sessions of assistive technology training, and the control group received treatment as usual.Results: Both the intervention and control groups improved as much in 1 year as the normed population did. However, gains did not differ between the groups directly after the intervention or at 1 year of follow-up.Conclusions: The use of assistive technology seems to have transfer effects on reading ability and to be supportive, especially for students with the most severe difficulties. In addition, it increases motivation for overall schoolwork. Our experience also highlights the obstacles involved in measuring the ability to assimilate and communicate text.
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| 9. |
- Almgren Bäck, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Speech-to-text intervention to support text production among students with writing difficulties : a single-case study in nordic countries
- 2024
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1748-3107 .- 1748-3115.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies report that speech-to-text applications (STT) may support students with writing difficulties in text production. However, existing research is sparse, shows mixed results, and lacks information on STT interventions and their applicability in schools. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether a systematic and intensive assistive technology intervention focusing on STT can improve text production. A modified multiple-baseline across-subject design was used involving eight middle school students, four Norwegian and four Swedish. Their STT-produced narrative texts were collected during and after the intervention and the productivity, accuracy, and text quality were analysed. Keyboarding was the baseline control condition. The results demonstrated that seven of the eight students increased text productivity and that the proportion of word-level accuracy was maintained or improved. The use of punctuation progressed in participants with poor baseline skills. Most students’ STT-produced texts had at least a similar ratio of meaningfulness and text quality as keyboarding. However, the magnitude of the changes and development patterns varied, with three students showing the most notable impacts. In conclusion, this study’s intervention seemed beneficial in initially instructing STT, and the progress monitoring guided individually adapted future interventions such as balancing productivity and formal language aspects. Removing the spelling barrier with STT provided an opportunity for students to improve their higher-order skills, such as vocabulary diversity and overall text quality. Furthermore, visible progress, such as the ability to produce longer texts, might motivate continued STT usage. However, such development may not always be immediate.
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| 10. |
- Lindeblad, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Assistive technology as reading interventions for children with reading impairments with a one-year follow-up
- 2017
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1748-3107 .- 1748-3115. ; 12:7, s. 713-724
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: This pilot study investigated the possible transfer effect on reading ability in children with reading difficulties after a systematic intervention to train and compensate for reading deficiencies by using applications in smartphones and tablets. The effects of using assistive technology (AT) one year after the interventions were completely studied. School related motivation, independent learning and family relations were also considered.METHOD: 35 pupils aged 10-12 years participated. They were assessed five times with reading tests. The participants, their parents and teachers were surveyed with questionnaires regarding their experience of using AT. The data from the assessments were analyzed with paired t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. The data from the questionnaires were analyzed using content analysis.RESULTS: The paper shows that using AT can create transfer effects on reading ability one year after the interventions were finished. This means that reading impaired children may develop at the same rate as non-impaired readers. Also, increased school motivation and an increase in independent learning and family effects have been shown.CONCLUSIONS: This paper provides implications in how to facilitate reading impaired pupils' learning process and realizes the need to challenge the concept of reading to change to fit modern means of gaining information. Implications for rehabilitation Children with reading impairment could benefit from assistive technology in regards of their reading development process and increase their chances of not falling behind peers. Assistive technology as applications in smartphones and tablets may aid children with reading impairment to have an equal platform for learning in school as their peers without reading difficulties. Assistive technology could facilitate the information gaining process and subsequently increase motivation to learn and increase interest in reading activities. Assistive technology had wider effects on its users: stigmatizing situations when leaving the classroom for special education were avoided and positive effects on family life were noted.
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