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Sökning: WFRF:(Nilsson Ulrika) > (2015-2019) > Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet

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2.
  • De Palma, Adriana, et al. (författare)
  • Predicting bee community responses to land-use changes : effects of geographic and taxonomic biases
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 6, s. 1-14
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Land-use change and intensification threaten bee populations worldwide, imperilling pollination services. Global models are needed to better characterise, project, and mitigate bees' responses to these human impacts. The available data are, however, geographically and taxonomically unrepresentative; most data are from North America and Western Europe, overrepresenting bumblebees and raising concerns that model results may not be generalizable to other regions and taxa. To assess whether the geographic and taxonomic biases of data could undermine effectiveness of models for conservation policy, we have collated from the published literature a global dataset of bee diversity at sites facing land-use change and intensification, and assess whether bee responses to these pressures vary across 11 regions (Western, Northern, Eastern and Southern Europe; North, Central and South America; Australia and New Zealand; South East Asia; Middle and Southern Africa) and between bumblebees and other bees. Our analyses highlight strong regionally-based responses of total abundance, species richness and Simpson's diversity to land use, caused by variation in the sensitivity of species and potentially in the nature of threats. These results suggest that global extrapolation of models based on geographically and taxonomically restricted data may underestimate the true uncertainty, increasing the risk of ecological surprises.
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3.
  • Eriksson, Dennis, et al. (författare)
  • Overview and Breeding Strategies of Table Potato Production in Sweden and the Fennoscandian Region
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Potato Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0014-3065 .- 1871-4528. ; 59, s. 279-294
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Recent reductions in the public commitment to potato breeding in Sweden, Norway and Finland call for an evaluation of the current situation regarding the commercial basis for, and structure of, potato breeding in these countries. We here review the extent of cultivation, processing and consumption of table potato in Sweden, as well as provide an overview of the potato breeding tools and programmes in the three countries. We then discuss various strategies to provide long-term stability and increase the impact of public potato breeding, based on the similar overall conditions for potato cultivation across the Fennoscandian region. The conclusions are twofold; first, an increased long-term funding of the public potato breeding programmes is necessary to maintain a minimum level of material, and second, a coordination of the breeding activities in the Fennoscandian region would be of great benefit to all involved stakeholders and allow an enhancement of the current national breeding programmes. In addition, we propose a minimum first field year population size for potato breeding.
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4.
  • Lenman, Marit, et al. (författare)
  • Effector-driven marker development and cloning of resistance genes against Phytophthora infestans in potato breeding clone SW93-1015
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: TAG Theoretical and Applied Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0040-5752 .- 1432-2242. ; 129, s. 105-115
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Phytophthora infestans is one of the most devastating plant pathogens worldwide. We have earlier found that the SW93-1015 potato breeding clone has an efficient resistance against P. infestans under field conditions in Sweden, which has an unusually high local diversity of the pathogen. This potato clone has characteristics that are different from classical R-gene-mediated resistance such as elevated levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) under controlled conditions. Analysis of 76 F1 potato progenies from two individual crosses resulted in nearly 50 % resistant clones, from both crosses. This result suggests that the SW93-1015 clone has a simplex genotype for this trait. Screening with over 50 different P. infestans effectors, containing the conserved motif RXLR (for Arg, any amino acid, Leu, Arg), revealed a specific response to Avr2, which suggests that SW93-1015 might contain a functional homolog of the R2 resistance gene. We cloned eight R2 gene homologs from SW93-1015, whereof seven have not been described before and one gene encoded a protein identical to Rpi-ABPT. Expression of this gene in potato cultivar D,sir,e provided R2-specific resistance, whereas other homologues did not. Using RNAseq analyses we designed a new DNA marker for the R2 resistance in SW93-1015. In summary, we have demonstrated the use of effector screening in practical breeding material and revealed the key resistance mechanism for SW93-1015.
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5.
  • Zoteyeva, Nadezhda, et al. (författare)
  • Late blight and virus host-plant resistances, crossing ability and glycoalkaloids in Nordic potato germplasm
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Soil and Plant Science. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0906-4710 .- 1651-1913. ; 67, s. 628-636
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Old potato cultivars from the Nordic Genetic Resource Center (NordGen) and advanced breeding clones from the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) were evaluated for susceptibility to Potato Virus Y (PVY) and Potato Leafroll Virus (PLRV), foliar and tuber resistance to late blight - caused by Phytophthora infestans - as well as for glycoalkaloid content and crossing ability. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA) tests were used for PVY and PLRV screening during two years that were characterized by intensive virus incidence and severity in the field, while foliar and tuber resistances to late blight were assessed under artificial inoculation with an aggressive Swedish isolate of P. infestans. Hybrid seeds were obtained by crossing cultivars such as Kiva', Sarpo Mira', Rosamunda' and Superb' with SLU advanced breeding clones and a selected clone of Solanum tuberosum Group Andigena. Some cultivars (Harek', Sarpo Mira') and breeding clones (04-2662, 04-2085) with late blight resistance did not show virus infection. The -solanin and -chaconin contents of some of the old Nordic potato cultivars and breeding clones were similar to the known Dutch table cultivar Bintje' after 3 years of testing. This research allows identification of promising Nordic potato cultivars and SLU breeding clones for further use in developing germplasm aiming at organic and conventional farming systems.
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