| 1. |
- Danaei, Goodarz, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of diabetes definition on global surveillance of diabetes prevalence and diagnosis: a pooled analysis of 96 population-based studies with 331288 participants
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. - 2213-8595 .- 2213-8587. ; 3:8, s. 624-637
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Diabetes has been defined on the basis of different biomarkers, including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h plasma glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test (2hOGTT), and HbA(1c). We assessed the effect of different diagnostic definitions on both the population prevalence of diabetes and the classification of previously undiagnosed individuals as having diabetes versus not having diabetes in a pooled analysis of data from population-based health examination surveys in different regions. Methods We used data from 96 population-based health examination surveys that had measured at least two of the biomarkers used for defining diabetes. Diabetes was defined using HbA(1c) (HbA(1c) >= 6 . 5% or history of diabetes diagnosis or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs) compared with either FPG only or FPG-or-2hOGTT definitions (FPG >= 7 . 0 mmol/L or 2hOGTT >= 11 . 1 mmol/L or history of diabetes or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs). We calculated diabetes prevalence, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights. We compared the prevalences of diabetes using different definitions graphically and by regression analyses. We calculated sensitivity and specificity of diabetes diagnosis based on HbA1c compared with diagnosis based on glucose among previously undiagnosed individuals (ie, excluding those with history of diabetes or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs). We calculated sensitivity and specificity in each survey, and then pooled results using a random-effects model. We assessed the sources of heterogeneity of sensitivity by meta-regressions for study characteristics selected a priori. Findings Population prevalence of diabetes based on FPG- or-2hOGTT was correlated with prevalence based on FPG alone (r= 0 . 98), but was higher by 2-6 percentage points at different prevalence levels. Prevalence based on HbA(1c) was lower than prevalence based on FPG in 42 . 8% of age-sex-survey groups and higher in another 41 . 6%; in the other 15 . 6%, the two definitions provided similar prevalence estimates. The variation across studies in the relation between glucose-based and HbA(1c)-based prevalences was partly related to participants' age, followed by natural logarithm of per person gross domestic product, the year of survey, mean BMI, and whether the survey population was national, subnational, or from specific communities. Diabetes defined as HbA(1c) 6 . 5% or more had a pooled sensitivity of 52 . 8% (95% CI 51 . 3-54 . 3%) and a pooled specificity of 99 . 74% (99 . 71-99 . 78%) compared with FPG 7 . 0 mmol/L or more for diagnosing previously undiagnosed participants; sensitivity compared with diabetes defined based on FPG-or-2hOGTT was 30 . 5% (28 . 7-32 . 3%). None of the preselected study-level characteristics explained the heterogeneity in the sensitivity of HbA(1c) versus FPG. Interpretation Different biomarkers and definitions for diabetes can provide different estimates of population prevalence of diabetes, and differentially identify people without previous diagnosis as having diabetes. Using an HbA(1c)-based definition alone in health surveys will not identify a substantial proportion of previously undiagnosed people who would be considered as having diabetes using a glucose-based test.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Feng, Yue Hua, et al.
(författare)
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Increased apolipoprotein M induced by lack of scavenger receptor BI is not activated via HDL-mediated cholesterol uptake in hepatocytes
- 2018
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Ingår i: Lipids in Health and Disease. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-511X. ; 17:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI) is a classic high-density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor, which mediates selective lipid uptake from HDL cholesterol esters (HDL-C). Apolipoprotein M (ApoM), as a component of HDL particles, could influence preβ-HDL formation and cholesterol efflux. The aim of this study was to determine whether SR-BI deficiency influenced the expression of ApoM. Methods: Blood samples and liver tissues were collected from SR-BI gene knockout mice, and serum lipid parameters, including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C and LDL-C) and ApoM were measured. Hepatic ApoM and ApoAI mRNA levels were also determined. In addition, BLT-1, an inhibitor of SR-BI, was added to HepG2 cells cultured with cholesterol and HDL, under serum or serum-free conditions. The mRNA and protein expression levels of ApoM were detected by RT-PCR and western blot. Results: We found that increased serum ApoM protein levels corresponded with high hepatic ApoM mRNA levels in both male and female SR-BI-/- mice. Besides, serum TC and HDL-C were also significantly increased. Treatment of HepG2 hepatoma cells with SR-BI specific inhibitor, BLT-1, could up-regulate ApoM expression in serum-containing medium but not in serum-free medium, even in the presence of HDL-C and cholesterol. Conclusions: Results suggested that SR-BI deficiency promoted ApoM expression, but the increased ApoM might be independent from HDL-mediated cholesterol uptake in hepatocytes.
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| 4. |
- Luo, Ning, et al.
(författare)
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Band-inverted gaps in InAs/GaSb and GaSb/InAs core-shell nanowires
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The [111]-oriented InAs/GaSb and GaSb/InAs core-shell nanowires have been studied by the 8 × 8 Luttinger-Kohn "Equation missing" Hamiltonian to search for non-vanishing fundamental gaps between inverted electron and hole bands. We focus on the variations of the band-inverted fundamental gap, the hybridization gap, and the effective gap with the core radius and shell thickness of the nanowires. The evolutions of all the energy gaps with the structural parameters are shown to be dominantly governed by the effect of quantum confinement. With a fixed core radius, a band-inverted fundamental gap exists only at intermediate shell thicknesses. The maximum band-inverted gap found is ~4.4 meV for GaSb/InAs and ~3.5 meV for InAs/GaSb core-shell nanowires, and for the GaSb/InAs core-shell nanowires the gap persists over a wider range of geometrical parameters. The intrinsic reason for these differences between the two types of nanowires is that in the shell the electron-like states of InAs is more delocalized than the hole-like state of GaSb, while in the core the hole-like state of GaSb is more delocalized than the electron-like state of InAs, and both favor a stronger electron-hole hybridization.
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| 5. |
- Shen, Qiuwan, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of A/B-site substitution on oxygen production performance of strontium cobalt based perovskites for CO2 capture application
- 2015
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Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 5:50, s. 39785-39790
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oxy-fuel combustion is one of the proposed technologies which have the potential to achieve zero CO2 emission. Strontium cobalt based perovskite oxygen carriers are promising materials for air separation with a high selectively for oxygen. And these perovskites can produce an oxygen enriched carbon dioxide stream for an oxy-fuel combustion process. The relatively low oxygen production yield may be a drawback of this type of material for this technology. This paper presents an effective approach by A/B-site substitution to improve the oxygen production performance of the perovskites. In this study, a series of different A/B-site substituted SrCo0.8Fe0.2O3-delta were prepared by an EDTA-citrate sol-gel combustion synthesis method. Fixed-bed experiments and TGA measurements were performed to study the effects of A/B-site substitution on cyclic oxygen adsorption/desorption performance of the synthesized samples. The experimental results indicate that the oxygen desorption amounts of different A-site substituted perovskites decrease in the order of BaCo0.8Fe0.2O3-delta > Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-delta > SrCo0.8Fe0.2O3-delta > Sr0.5Ca0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-delta > MgCo0.8Fe0.2O3-delta. Moreover, B-site substitution by different transition metal ions can significantly modify oxygen adsorption capacity and oxygen desorption performance of SrCo0.8Fe0.2O3-delta. Furthermore, oxygen desorption performance can be improved when Fe ions of the perovskite SrCo0.8Fe0.2O3-delta are substituted by Zr, Cr, Zn, and Ni ions.
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| 6. |
- Wang, Min, et al.
(författare)
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Apolipoprotein M induces inhibition of inflammatory responses via the S1PR1 and DHCR24 pathways
- 2019
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Ingår i: Molecular Medicine Reports. - 1791-2997. ; 19:2, s. 1272-1283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2019 Spandidos Publications. All rights reserved. Apolipoprotein M (ApoM) is a type of apolipoprotein. It is well known that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) decreases inflammatory responses via the apoM-sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) pathway. The present study further investigated the importance of ApoM in the inhibitory effects of HDL on inflammation. Mice with an apoM gene deficiency (apoM-/-) were employed to investigate the effects of ApoM on the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), S1P receptor-1 (S1PR1) and 3β-hydroxysterol Δ-24-reductase (DHCR24), as compared with in wild-type mice (apoM+/+). Furthermore, cell culture experiments were performed using a permanent human hybrid endothelial cell line (EA.hy926). Cells were cultured in the presence of recombinant human apoM (rec-apoM) or were induced to overexpress apoM (apoMTg); subsequently, cells were treated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), in order to investigate the effects of ApoM on IL-1β and MCP-1. The results demonstrated that the mRNA expression levels of IL-1β and MCP-1 were significantly higher in the liver following administration of lipopolysaccharide in apoM-/- mice compared with in apoM+/+ mice. In cell culture experiments, when cells were pre-cultured with rec-apoM or were engineered to overexpress apoM (apoMTg), they exhibited decreased expression levels of IL-1β and MCP-1 following TNF-α treatment compared with in normal apoM-expressing cells (apoMTgN). Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of IL-1β and MCP-1 were significantly elevated following addition of the S1PR1 inhibitor W146, but not by the scavenger receptor class B type I inhibitor, block lipid transport-1 (BLT-1), in apoMTg cells prior to TNF-α treatment. Conversely, there were no differences in these inflammatory biomarkers under the same conditions in apoMTgN cells. The mRNA expression levels of DHCR24 were significantly reduced by the addition of BLT-1 prior to TNF-α treatment in apoMTg cells; however, there was no difference in the expression of this inflammatory biomarker in apoMTgN cells. In conclusion, ApoM displayed inhibitory effects against the inflammatory response in vivo and in vitro; these effects may be induced via the S1PR1 and DHCR24 pathways.
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| 7. |
- Wei, Jiang, et al.
(författare)
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17β-estradiol regulates the expression of apolipoprotein M through estrogen receptor α-specific binding motif in its promoter
- 2017
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Ingår i: Lipids in Health and Disease. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-511X. ; 16:1, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: We have previously demonstrated that estrogen could significantly enhance expression of apolipoprotein M (apoM), whereas the molecular basis of its mechanism is not fully elucidated yet. To further investigate the mechanism behind the estrogen induced up-regulation of apoM expression. Results: Our results demonstrated either free 17β-estradiol (E2) or membrane-impermeable bovine serum albumin-conjugated E2 (E2-BSA) could modulate human apoM gene expression via the estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α) pathway in the HepG2 cells. Moreover, experiments with the luciferase activity analysis of truncated apoM promoters could demonstrate that a regulatory region (from-1580 to −1575 bp (−GGTCA-)) upstream of the transcriptional start site of apoM gene was essential for the basal transcriptional activity that regulated by the ER-α. With the applications of an electrophoresis mobility shift assay and a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, we could successfully identify a specific ER-α binding element in the apoM promoter region. Conculsion: In summary, the present study indicates that 17β-estradiol induced up-regulation of apoM in HepG2 cells is through an ER-α-dependent pathway involving ER-α binding element in the promoter of the apoM gene.
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| 8. |
- Yu, Miao mei, et al.
(författare)
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Apolipoprotein M increases the expression of Vitamin D receptor mRNA in colorectal cancer cells detected with duplex fluorescence reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction
- 2017
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Ingår i: Molecular Medicine Reports. - : Spandidos Publications. - 1791-2997 .- 1791-3004. ; 16:2, s. 1167-1172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Apolipoprotein M (ApoM) and the Vitamin D receptor (VDR) are apolipoproteins predominantly presenting in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and a karyophilic protein belonging to the steroid-thyroid receptor superfamily, respectively. Previous studies have demonstrated that ApoM and VDR are associated with cholesterol metabolism, immune and colorectal cancer regulation. In order to investigate whether ApoM affected the expression of VDR in colorectal cancer cells, a single-tube duplex fluorescence reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) system was developed to simultaneously detect the mRNA levels of VDR and GAPDH in HT-29 cells overexpressing ApoM. The results demonstrated that the amplification products were confirmed as the specific fragment of VDR/GAPDH using the DNA sequencing instrument. The sensitivity, linear range, correlation coefficient, amplification efficiency, intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 40 copies/μl, 4.00×101-4.00×105 copies/μl, 0.999, 92.42%, 0.09-0.34% and 0.32-0.65% for VDR, and 40 copies/μl, 400×101-4.00×105 copies/μl, 0.999, 98.07%, 0.19-0.43% and 0.40-0.75% for GAPDH, respectively. The results indicated that the expression of VDR mRNA was significantly higher in HT-29 cells overexpressing ApoM, compared with the negative control group (P<0.05). In conclusion, the current study successfully developed the single-tube duplex RT-qPCR to simultaneously detect VDR and GAPDH expression in colorectal cancer cells. The methodology results demonstrated that the duplex RT-qPCR system with high sensitivity and specificity could ensure the objectivity and credibility of the detection. The present study confirmed that ApoM significantly increased the expression of VDR in HT-29 cells. In addition, it was hypothesized that ApoM may be involved in antineoplastic activity via the upregulation of VDR expression, which may provide novel directions for the investigation of ApoM in cancer.
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| 9. |
- Yu, Yang, et al.
(författare)
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Increased mRNA levels of apolipoprotein M and apolipoprotein AI in the placental tissues with fetal macrosomia
- 2015
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Ingår i: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0711 .- 0932-0067. ; 291:2, s. 299-303
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study examined mRNA levels of apolipoprotein M (apoM) and apolipoprotein AI (apoAI) in the term placental tissues obtained from 37 women with normal birth weight neonates and from 37 women with macrosomic neonates (birth body weight a parts per thousand yen4,000 g), and further discussed possible clinical significance of these observations. The mRNA levels of apoM and apoAI in the placental tissues were determined by the real time RT-PCR, which demonstrated that both apoM and apoAI mRNA levels were significantly higher in the placentas from macrosomia than those from normal birth. Moreover, we analyzed the overexpressions of apoM and apoAI with the clinical data. Meanwhile we examined several known risk factors of macrosomia including the mRNA levels of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), IGF-II, insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) and IGF-IIR. It demonstrated that apoM expression was significantly positively correlated to the placental weight, fetal birth weight, pregestational body mass index (BMI), weight gain during pregnancy, maternal weight, maternal BMI and the mRNA levels of IGF-IR as well as IGF-IIR. The apoAI mRNA level was statistically significantly correlated to the placental weight, fetal birth weight, IGF-I and IGF-IR mRNA levels. Binary logistic regression analysis suggested that both apoM and apoAI mRNA may considered as independent risk factors for macrosomia. The clinical significance needs further investigation.
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| 10. |
- Zhou, Bin, et al.
(författare)
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Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: A pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants
- 2016
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 387:10027, s. 1513-1530
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: One of the global targets for non-communicable diseases is to halt, by 2025, the rise in the age standardised adult prevalence of diabetes at its 2010 levels. We aimed to estimate worldwide trends in diabetes, how likely it is for countries to achieve the global target, and how changes in prevalence, together with population growth and ageing, are aff ecting the number of adults with diabetes.Methods: We pooled data from population-based studies that had collected data on diabetes through measurement of its biomarkers. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in diabetes prevalence-defined as fasting plasma glucose of 7.0 mmol/L or higher, or history of diagnosis with diabetes, or use of insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs-in 200 countries and territories in 21 regions, by sex and from 1980 to 2014. We also calculated the posterior probability of meeting the global diabetes target if post-2000 trends continue.Findings: We used data from 751 studies including 4372000 adults from 146 of the 200 countries we make estimates for. Global age-standardised diabetes prevalence increased from 4.3% (95% credible interval 2.4-17.0) in 1980 to 9.0% (7.2-11.1) in 2014 in men, and from 5.0% (2.9-7.9) to 7.9% (6.4-9.7) in women. The number of adults with diabetes in the world increased from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014 (28.5% due to the rise in prevalence, 39.7% due to population growth and ageing, and 31.8% due to interaction of these two factors). Age-standardised adult diabetes prevalence in 2014 was lowest in northwestern Europe, and highest in Polynesia and Micronesia, at nearly 25%, followed by Melanesia and the Middle East and north Africa. Between 1980 and 2014 there was little change in age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adult women in continental western Europe, although crude prevalence rose because of ageing of the population. By contrast, age-standardised adult prevalence rose by 15 percentage points in men and women in Polynesia and Micronesia. In 2014, American Samoa had the highest national prevalence of diabetes (>30% in both sexes), with age-standardised adult prevalence also higher than 25% in some other islands in Polynesia and Micronesia. If post-2000 trends continue, the probability of meeting the global target of halting the rise in the prevalence of diabetes by 2025 at the 2010 level worldwide is lower than 1% for men and is 1% for women. Only nine countries for men and 29 countries for women, mostly in western Europe, have a 50% or higher probability of meeting the global target.Interpretation: Since 1980, age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adults has increased, or at best remained unchanged, in every country. Together with population growth and ageing, this rise has led to a near quadrupling of the number of adults with diabetes worldwide. The burden of diabetes, both in terms of prevalence and number of adults aff ected, has increased faster in low-income and middle-income countries than in high-income countries.
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