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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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Governing, Protecting, and Regulating the Future of Genome Editing : The Significance of ELSPI Perspectives
- 2023
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- This book brings together several outstanding authors in the field and covers questions relating to the fundamental milestones in technology development and governance (Judit Sandor), an analysis of disability questions and empowerment of the community (Pin Lean Lau), right to health opportunities and challenges (Anne Kjersti Befring), the protection of the right to private life and life (Merel M. Spaander), and preconditions for the use of technology for heritable changes in the human genome (Noemi Conditi), and the intersection of genome editing and artificial intelligence (Anastasiya Kiseleva). It also examines the rules relating to the early access of gene therapy medicinal products (Vera Lucia Raposo) and the adequacy of the rules on safety and application of the technology in healthcare within the EU (Michal Koščík and Eliška Vladíková). Moreover, it looks into the availability and accessibility of the technology. The special issue examines the values behind the prohibitions of germline interventions in Europe and explores the feasibility of lifting these bans (Santa Slokenberga, gold OA); it looks at the social justice in the field and the need to ensure better access to biotechnological innovations (Oliver Feeney) as well as examines the morality clauses in patent legislation and their impact on the technology governance (Duncan Matthews, Timo Minssen and Ana Nordberg). At times, even the best technology governance tools fail in ensuring adequate access to the technology and the market actors risk behaving in a way that could undermine the right to health. Here, competition law perspectives come into play and offer tools for ensuring a minimum level of competition in the field (Vladimir Bastidas Venegas, gold OA). The book is an outcome of the Nordic Permed Law Symposium on Human Genome Editing, held online on November 3-4, 2021, and is expected to be published open access, latest September 2022.
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- Huang, Fang, et al.
(författare)
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Cultivation of the gut bacterium Prevotella copri DSM 18205T using glucose and xylose as carbon sources
- 2021
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Ingår i: MicrobiologyOpen. - : Wiley. - 2045-8827. ; 10:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prevotella copri DSM18205T is a human gut bacterium, suggested as a next-generation probiotic. To utilize it as such, it is, however, necessary to grow the species in a reproducible manner. Prevotella copri has previously been reported to be highly sensitive to oxygen, and hence difficult to isolate and cultivate. This study presents successful batch cultivation strategies for viable strain inoculations and growth in both serum bottles and a stirred tank bioreactor (STR), without the use of an anaerobic chamber, as long as the cells were kept in the exponential growth phase. A low headspace volume in the STR was important to reach high cell density. P. copri utilized xylose cultivated in Peptone Yeast Xylose medium (PYX medium), resulting in a comparable growth rate and metabolite production as in Peptone Yeast Glucose medium (PYG medium) in batch cultivations at pH 7.2.Up to 5 g/L of the carbon source was consumed, leading to the production of succinic acid, acetic acid, and formic acid, and cell densities (OD620 nm ) in the range 6-7.5. The highest yield of produced succinic acid was 0.63 ± 0.05 g/g glucose in PYG medium cultivations and 0.88 ± 0.06 g/g xylose in PYX medium cultivations.
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- Matthews, Duncan, et al.
(författare)
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Balancing innovation, ‘ordre public’ and morality in human germline editing : A call for more nuanced approaches in patent law
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Journal of Health Law. - : Brill. - 0929-0273 .- 1571-8093. ; 29:3-5, s. 562-588
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article analyses the role that ‘ordre public’ and morality exceptions can play in the granting of patents on inventions in the field of human germline editing and the consequences of this policy option. In order to provide the context for such an analysis, the article will, first, provide an overview of the current patent landscape for relevant genome editing technologies, drawing attention to recent patent disputes and, second, examine ‘ordre public’ and morality exceptions under patent law in international, national and regional law, and the implications for innovation and access to novel treatments. The article argues that patent exceptions should not be used as a blunt policy instrument, nor interpreted in a way that is contrary to the patent system's overall objectives. The ‘ordre public’ and morality based exceptions in the context of human germline editing should not be interpreted and applied in a way which results in outcomes counterproductive to the goal of balancing innovation with the protection of societal higher normative values. Instead, the application of the exception should be based on a sound understanding of both the underlying science as well as the broader ethical, social, and legal implications, thus enabling case-by-case decisions that provide the basis for patent claim amendments and nuanced purpose-bound protection. Further analysis and debate as to the role that such flexibilities can play in the context of genome editing technologies is therefore both necessary and desirable, and can be facilitated in the ways set out in this article.
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- Matthews, Duncan, et al.
(författare)
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The Role of Patents and Licensing in the Governance of Human Genome Editing: A White Paper
- 2021. - 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- On 12 July 2021 the World Health Organization (WHO) Expert Advisory Committee on Developing Global Standards for Governance and Oversight of Human Genome Editing published a set of reports entitled Human Genome Editing: A Framework for Governance and Recommendations. These reports provide valuable advice and recommendations on appropriate institutional, national and global governance mechanisms for human genome editing. The Expert Advisory Committee’s A Framework for Governance highlights explicitly the role that patents and licences can play as a form of governance of human genome editing. The Recommendations state that the Committee ‘believes that governance measures based on patents or [other forms of] intellectual property, when used together with other tools, may help strengthen the governance and oversight of human genome editing’ [and that] ‘It will be important to avoid using patents in ways that potentially prevent others from delivering similar capabilities at a cheaper cost’. This paper responds to the recommendations of the Expert Advisory Committee and elaborates further on the role that patents and licensing can play in the governance of human genome editing. It concludes with our own recommendations on how the role of patents and licensing can be considered further in the light of the WHO Expert Advisory Committee’s reports.
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- Mattsson, Titti, et al.
(författare)
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Sweden: Legal Response to Covid-19
- 2021
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Ingår i: The Oxford Compendium of National Legal Responses to Covid-19. - : Oxford University Press.
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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