| 1. |
- Libungan, Berglind, et al.
(author)
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Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the elderly : A large-scale population-based study.
- 2015
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In: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 94
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: There is little information on elderly people who suffer from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).AIM: To determine 30-day mortality and neurological outcome in elderly patients with OHCA.METHODS: OHCA patients ≥ 70 years of age who were registered in the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Register between 1990 and 2013 were included and divided into three age categories (70-79, 80-89, and ≥ 90 years). Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of 30-day survival.RESULTS: Altogether, 36,605 cases were included in the study. Thirty-day survival was 6.7% in patients aged 70-79 years, 4.4% in patients aged 80-89 years, and 2.4% in those over 90 years. For patients with witnessed OHCA of cardiac aetiology found in a shockable rhythm, survival was higher: 20%, 15%, and 11%, respectively. In 30-day survivors, the distribution according to the cerebral performance categories (CPC) score at discharge from hospital was similar in the three age groups. In multivariate analysis, in patients over 70 years of age, the following factors were associated with increased chance of 30-day survival: younger age, OHCA outside the home, witnessed OHCA, CPR before arrival of EMS, shockable first-recorded rhythm, and short emergency response time.CONCLUSIONS: Advanced age is an independent predictor of mortality in OHCA patients over 70 years of age. However, even in patients above 90 years of age, defined subsets with a survival rate of more than 10% exist. In survivors, the neurological outcome remains similar regardless of age.
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| 2. |
- Nordberg, Klas, et al.
(author)
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A flexible runtime system for image processing in a distributed computational environment for an unmanned aerial vehicle
- 2006
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In: International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence. - 0218-0014. ; 20:5, s. 763-780
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A runtime system for implementation of image processing operations is presented. It is designed for working in a flexible and distributed environment related to the software architecture of a newly developed UAV system. The software architecture can be characterized at a coarse scale as a layered system, with a deliberative layer at the top, a reactive layer in the middle, and a processing layer at the bottom. At a finer scale each of the three levels is decomposed into sets of modules which communicate using CORBA, allowing system development and deployment on the UAV to be made in a highly flexible way. Image processing takes place in a dedicated module located in the process layer, and is the main focus of the paper. This module has been designed as a runtime system for data flow graphs, allowing various processing operations to be created online and on demand by the higher levels of the system. The runtime system is implemented in Java, which allows development and deployment to be made on a wide range of hardware/software configurations. Optimizations for particular hardware platforms have been made using Java's native interface.
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| 5. |
- Ahlgren, Serina, et al.
(author)
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Consequential Life Cycle Assessment of Nitrogen Fertilisers Based on Biomass – a Swedish perspective
- 2012
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In: Insciences Journal. - : Insciences Organization. - 1664-171X. ; 2, s. 80-101
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The production of mineral nitrogen represents a large fossil energy input in Swedish agriculture. However, mineral nitrogen can be produced in the Haber-Bosch synthesis, with input from renewable energy. This could lower the dependency on fossil energy and the emissions of greenhouse gases in agricultural production. The aim of this study was to investigate the land use, energy use and greenhouse gas emissions from the production of ammonium nitrate based on biomass, using consequential life cycle assessment methodology. Three scenarios are studied. In one scenario the Haber-Bosch synthesis is integrated in an existing forest residue fired combined heat and power plant. In another two scenarios thermochemical gasification of biomass in combination with Haber-Bosch synthesis is studied, using either straw or short rotation coppice (Salix) as raw material. The results showed that the greenhouse gas emissions and use of fossil energy can be significantly lowered. The size of emission reductions compared to using fossil fuels as raw material is dependent on choice of data, but also choice of functional unit and if e.g. indirect land use change is included. The study also showed that using green nitrogen in rapeseed production substantially can lower the carbon footprint. Further, we argue that production of nitrogen based on renewables should be a high-priority activity, as nitrogen is one of the pillars for a secure food and bioenergy supply for a growing world population.
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| 6. |
- Ahlgren, Serina, et al.
(author)
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Det svenska jordbrukets framtida drivmedelsförsörjning
- 2010
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Syftet med detta arbete är att visa på möjligheter för det svenska jordbruket att bli försörjt med drivmedel även i en framtid, när oljan har blivit för dyr eller sällsynt för att kunna användas i tillräcklig omfattning. Detta projekt studerar möjligheterna att ersätta fossil diesel med första och andra generationens förnybara drivmedel, och omfattar drivmedel från råvaror med ursprung i både jord- och skogsbruk. De drivmedel som studeras är etanol, rapsmetylester (RME), biogas, Fischer-Tropsch diesel (FTD), dimetyleter (DME) och metanol. Arealbehov, energibalans och kostnader har beräknats. Studien visar att det finns tillräckligt med arealer i Sverige för att lantbruket ska kunna bli självförsörjande med drivmedel. För de drivmedel som baseras på grödor framförallt första generationens drivmedel) kommer dock mängden mat som är möjlig att producera att minska. Andra generationens drivmedel kan med fördel produceras från biprodukter som halm och matproduktionen behöver då inte minskas
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Ahlgren, Serina, et al.
(author)
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Nitrogen fertiliser production based on biogas - Energy input, environmental impact and land use
- 2010
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In: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-8524 .- 1873-2976. ; 101, s. 7181-7184
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the present paper was to investigate the land use, environmental impact and fossil energy use when using biogas instead of natural gas in the production of nitrogen fertilisers The biogas was assumed to be produced from anaerobic digestion of ley grass and maize. The calculations showed that 1 ha of agricultural land in south-west Sweden can produce 1.7 metric ton of nitrogen in the form of ammonium nitrate per year from ley grass, or 3 6 ton from maize The impact on global warming, from cradle to gate, was calculated to be lower when producing nitrogen fertiliser from biomass compared with natural gas Eutrophication and acidification potential was higher in the biomass scenarios The greatest advantage of the biomass systems however lies in the potential to reduce agriculture's dependency on fossil fuels In the biomass scenarios, only 2-4 MJ of primary fossil energy was required, while 35 MJ/kg N was required when utilising natural gas (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved
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| 9. |
- Ahlgren, Serina, et al.
(author)
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Tractive power in organic farming based on fuel cell technology : Energy balance and environmental load
- 2009
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In: Agricultural Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-521X .- 1873-2267. ; 102:1-3, s. 67-76
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study analysed a future hypothetical organic farm self-sufficient in renewable tractor fuel. Biomass from the farm was assumed to be transported to a central fuel production plant and the fuel returned to the farm, where it was utilised in fuel cell powered tractors. The land use, energy balance and environmental impact of five different scenarios were studied. In the first two scenarios, straw was used as raw material for production of hydrogen or methanol via thermochemical gasification. In the third and fourth scenarios, short rotation forest (Salix) was used as raw material for the same fuels. In the fifth scenario, ley was used as raw material for hydrogen fuel via biogas production. The straw scenarios had the lowest impact in all studied environmental impact categories since the Salix scenarios had higher soil emissions and the ley scenario had comparatively large emissions from the fuel production. The energy balance was also favourable for straw, 16.3 and 19.5 for hydrogen and methanol respectively, compared to Salix 14.2 and 15.6. For ley to hydrogen the energy balance was only 6.1 due to low efficiency in the fuel production. In the Salix scenarios, 1.6% and 2.0% of the land was set aside for raw material production in the hydrogen and methanol scenarios respectively. In the straw scenarios no land needed to be reserved, but straw was collected on 4.3% and 5.3% of the area for hydrogen and methanol respectively. To produce hydrogen from ley, 4% of the land was harvested. The study showed that the difference in environmental performance lay in choice of raw material rather than choice of fuel. Hydrogen is a gas with low volumetric energy density, which requires an adapted infrastructure and tractors equipped with gas tanks. This leads to the conclusion that methanol probably will be the preferred choice if a fuel cell powered farm would be put into practice in the future. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Ahmadi Moghaddam, Elham, et al.
(author)
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Exploring the potential for biomethane production by willow pyrolysis using life cycle assessment methodology
- 2019
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In: Energy, Sustainability and Society. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2192-0567. ; 9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundBiomethane, as a potential substitute for natural gas, reduces the use of fossil-based sources, promoting bioenergy applications. Biomethane for energy use can be produced using a variety of biomass types and technologies. Biomethane from farmland crops is currently produced by anaerobic digestion (AD) of energy crops, which is a biological treatment of organic material resulting in biomethane and digestate. Recently, thermochemical conversion technologies of biomass to biomethane have gained attention. Pyrolysis is a thermochemical process whereby woody biomass is converted to fuel gas and biochar. This study assessed the land use efficiency of producing biomethane through a maize-based AD system compared with switching to a willow-based biomethane system using pyrolysis as an emerging technology. The energy performance and climate impact of the two pathways were assessed from a land use perspective, using life cycle assessment methodology. The entire technical system, from biomass production to delivery of biomethane as the end product, was included within the analysis. The study also investigated how the climate impact was affected when biochar was applied to soil to act as a soil amendment and carbon sequestration agent or when biochar was used as an energy source.ResultsPyrolysis of willow had a higher external energy ratio and climate mitigation effect than maize-based AD as a result of lower primary energy inputs and lower methane loss in the pyrolysis process and upgrading units. Furthermore, the biochar from willow pyrolysis, when used as a soil amendment or energy source, contributed significantly to the climate impact mitigation potential in both cases. Substituting fossil gas with biomethane gave a considerable reduction in climate impact in all scenarios, especially in the case of willow pyrolysis. The willow pyrolysis system acted as a carbon sink, resulting in a negative climate impact, counteracting global warming.ConclusionFrom a land use perspective, the transition from maize-based AD to a willow-based pyrolysis system for biomethane production could be beneficial regarding the energy performance and climate impact. Application of biochar to the soil in the willow scenario contributed significantly to counteracting emissions of greenhouse gases.
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