| 1. |
- Fraser, Sheila, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence and Risk Factors for Occult Level 3 Lymph Node Metastases in Papillary Thyroid Cancer
- 2016
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Ingår i: Annals of Surgical Oncology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1068-9265 .- 1534-4681. ; 23:11, s. 3587-3592
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) frequently disseminates into cervical lymph nodes. Lateral node involvement is described in up to 50 % patients undergoing prophylactic lateral neck dissection. This study aimed to assess this finding and identify which factors predict for occult lateral node disease. Patients with fine needle aspiration-confirmed PTC (Bethesda V or VI), without evidence of cervical lymph node metastases, underwent a total thyroidectomy with prophylactic ipsilateral central and level 3 dissection. Level 3 nodes were removed by compartmental dissection or by sampling the sentinel nodes overlying the jugular vein, according to surgeon preference. Data were collected prospectively from January 2011 to August 2014. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software. A total of 137 patients underwent total thyroidectomy with prophylactic ipsilateral central and level 3 dissection for PTC. The incidence of occult level 3 disease was 30 % (41/137 patients). A total of 48 % of patients (66/137) harbored occult central neck disease. A total of 80.5 % of patients with pN1b disease had macrometastases (aeyen2 mm), and 15 % exhibited skip metastases with central compartment sparing. In patients with pN1b disease, a median of 6 level 3 nodes were retrieved, with an average involved nodal ratio of 0.29. Multivariate regression demonstrated risk factors for occult lateral neck metastasis include tumor size (odds ratio 1.1), upper pole tumors (odds ratio 6.6), and vascular invasion (odds ratio 3.2) (p < 0.05). PTC is associated with a significant incidence of occult central and lateral nodal metastases. In patients undergoing prophylactic central neck dissection, inclusion of level 3 dissection should be considered in patients with large upper lobe cancers.
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| 2. |
- Glover, Anthony R, et al.
(författare)
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Use of the Nerve Integrity Monitor during Thyroid Surgery Aids Identification of the External Branch of the Superior Laryngeal Nerve.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Annals of Surgical Oncology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1068-9265 .- 1534-4681. ; 22:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) is at risk during thyroid surgery. Despite meticulous dissection and visualization, the EBSLN can be mistaken for other structures. The nerve integrity monitor (NIM) allows EBSLN confirmation with cricothyroid twitch on stimulation.AIMS: The aim of this study was to assess any difference in identification of EBSLN and its anatomical sub-types by dissection alone compared to NIM-aided dissection.METHODS: Routine intra-operative nerve monitoring (IONM) was used, when available, for 228 consecutive thyroid operations (129 total thyroidectomies, 99 hemi-thyroidectomies) over a 10-month period. EBSLN identification by dissection alone (with NIM confirmation of cricothyroid twitch) and by NIM-assisted dissection was recorded prospectively. Anatomical sub-types were defined by the Cernea classification.RESULTS: Of 357 nerves at risk, 97.2 % EBSLNs (95 % confidence interval [CI], 95.5-98.9) were identified by visualization and NIM-aided dissection compared to 85.7 % (95 % CI, 82.1-89.3) identified by dissection alone (<0.001). EBSLN frequency was 34 % for type 1, 55 % for type 2a, and 11 % for type 2b. All identified EBSLNs were stimulated to confirm a cricothyroid twitch after superior thyroid vessel ligation.CONCLUSION: Using the NIM and meticulous dissection of the upper thyroid pole improves EBSLN identification. As the EBSLN is at risk during thyroidectomy and can lead to voice morbidity, the NIM can aid identification of the EBSLN and provide a functional assessment of the EBSLN after thyroid resection.
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| 3. |
- Sarkis, Leba M, et al.
(författare)
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Bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in a specialized thyroid surgery unit : would routine intraoperative neuromonitoring alter outcomes?
- 2017
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Ingår i: ANZ journal of surgery. - : Wiley. - 1445-1433 .- 1445-2197. ; 87:5, s. 364-367
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy following total thyroidectomy is a rare complication, however, poses significant morbidity to the patient when it does occur. The purpose of this paper was to determine the incidence of bilateral RLN palsy in a specialized thyroid unit and determine whether the routine use of intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) would alter the outcome.METHODS: This is a retrospective review of prospectively gathered data. A total of 7406 patients underwent total thyroidectomy at the University of Sydney Endocrine Surgical Unit between January 1990 and February 2014. IONM was utilized on a selective basis and we sought to assess whether IONM would have altered outcome in those patients who developed bilateral RLN palsy.RESULTS: Of the 7406 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy, seven patients (0.09%) developed bilateral RLN palsy during the study period. There was one permanent RLN palsy (0.01%) and routine IONM may have prevented one death and altered the outcome in two of the seven patients.CONCLUSION: Bilateral RLN palsy is a rare entity occurring in one out of 1000 cases in a specialized thyroid unit. IONM may facilitate the decision to pursue delayed surgery where the signal is lost on the first surgical side and has the potential to avoid bilateral RLN palsy following total thyroidectomy.
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