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| 2. |
- Amcoff, P., et al.
(författare)
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Alterations of dopaminergic and serotonergic activity in the brain of sea-run Baltic salmon suffering a thiamine deficiency-related disorder
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Fish Biology. - : Elsevier. - 0022-1112 .- 1095-8649. ; 60:6, s. 1407-1416
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Baltic salmon Salmo salar females displaying wiggling behaviour had significantly lower (P<0.05) hepatic and ovarian thiamine (vitamin B1) concentrations than the normal females, confirming that they suffered from a thiamine deficiency. A significantly (P<0.05) increased monoaminergic activity was found in the telencephalon and the hypothalamus of the wiggling individuals as indicated by [5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)]: [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] and [3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC)]: [dopamine (DA)] ratios. The 5-HIAA concentrations of wiggling individuals were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the telencephalon and the hypothalamus compared to normal fish. Wiggling fish showed significantly (P<0.05) higher concentrations of the DA metabolite DOPAC in the hypothalamus and the brain stem compared to normal fish. Furthermore, the brain stem in wiggling fish contained significantly (P<0.05) less 5-HT than in normal individuals, which was also reflected in a significant (P<0.05) increase in the (5-HIAA): (5-HT) ratio. These results demonstrate an increased serotonergic and dopaminergic activity in wiggling compared to normal fish. The altered monoaminergic activity may be directly related to altered brain thiamine metabolism, but a general stress caused by thiamine deficiency and an inability to regulate swim bladder inflation may contribute. Furthermore, a changed brain monoaminergic activity may contribute to the behaviour characterizing wiggling fish.
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| 4. |
- Norrgren, L, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of potential xenoestrogens (DEHP, nonylphenol and PCB) on sexual differentiation in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
- 1999
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Ingår i: Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management. - : Michigan State University Press. - 1463-4988 .- 1539-4077. ; 2:3, s. 311-317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of 17β-estradiol and potential xenoestrogens were investigated on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Juvenile salmon fed diets containing 15 and 30 mg 17β-estradiol kg−1 food for 4 weeks after yolk-sac resorption differentiated into 88 and 100% phenotypic females, respectively. The reference group, fed uncontaminated food, consisted of 49% females. A significant overrepresentation of phenotypic females (64%) was recorded in the group fed 1500 mg di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate kg−1 food. Atlantic salmon fed diets contaminated with nonylphenol showed no differences in sex ratios compared with the control group. A significantly increased liver somatic index was detected for groups exposed to diets contaminated with 15 and 30 mg 17β-estradiol, 300 mg nonylphenol or 1500 mg di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate kg−1 food. Intraperitoneal injections of nonylphenol, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, or polychlorinated biphenyls 58, 104, 112 and 188 did not induce synthesis of vitellogenin which is considered to be a hallmark for estrogenic activity in in vivo testing. Therefore, in vivo assays, that is, intraperitoneal injection, can not always predict how endocrine processes in organisms are affected by pollutants.
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| 5. |
- Håkansson, H., et al.
(författare)
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In vivo and in vitro toxicity of fractionated fish lipids, with particular regard to their content of chlorinated organic compounds
- 1991
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Ingår i: Pharmacology and Toxicology. - : Wiley. - 0901-9928 .- 1600-0773. ; 69:6, s. 459-471
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Six different lipid matrices (the intact lipid (IL), four lipid fractions with different polarity, and the free fatty acids (FFAs) obtained by hydrolysis of the triacylglycerol (TAG) containing fraction) were obtained from salmon (Salmo salar) and eel (Anguilla anguilla), each collected at a contaminated and a comparatively uncontaminated catch site along the coast of Scandinavia. The lipid matrices were studied in toxicological test systems representing various biological functions of different organ systems from several species and trophic levels. The results were evaluated with particular respect to the concentrations of extractable organically bound chlorine (EOCl) in the matrices tested. In some test systems, the specimens with a higher EOCl concentration appeared to be more toxic. For example, the TAG containing fraction (F2) from Idefjord eel, having a higher EOCl content than F2 from Oslofjord eel, reduced the number and hatchability of eggs laid by zebrafish. Both IL and F2 of Idefjord eel increased mortality and reduced the oxygen/nitrogen-ratio in blue mussels. Non-polar compounds (F1) from Bothnian Sea salmon induced 7-ethoxyresurofin O-deethylase (EROD) activity in rainbow trout hepatocytes, whereas F1 from Senja salmon did not. F1 from Bothnian Sea salmon also reduced the number of T-cells in foetal mouse thymus anlagen in vitro compared with the cell number in anlagen exposed to F1 from Senja salmon. A positive correlation between EOCl concentration and test response was found for EROD activity in rainbow trout hepatocytes and for ATP-leakage in Erlich ascites tumour cells when testing the phospolipid containing fraction (F4). However, in most test systems the fish oils, irrespective of EOCl content, were of low toxicity, and the observed effects need to be verified in future studies.
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